Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde

Severin Mbog Mbog; Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi; Bill Vaneck Bot; Dieudonne Bitondo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde

Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo

Published in Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 20 November 2022 Accepted: 15 December 2022 Published: 29 December 2022

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Abstract

Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.

Published in	Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
Page(s)	143-151
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Assessment, Management, Rainwater, Industries, Agribusiness, Brasseries

References

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[3]	Severin (2016.) Environmental standards and inspection procedures for industrial and commercial facilities in Cameroon.
[4]	Beyene, A., Addis, T., Kifle, D., Legesse, W., Kloos, H., Triest, L., (2009). Comparative study of diatoms and macro invertebrates as indicators of severe water pollution: Case study of the Kabena and Akaki rivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Eco. Ind., 9 (2): 381-392.
[5]	Metagne CT, L. Zapfack, Djomo CC, Damien ME, Godswill N.-N., (2018). Influence of the Origin of Water Pollution on the Floristic Diversity of Macrophytes of the Mfoundi Lowlands in the City of Yaounde. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 5 (8): 29-39.
[6]	Djomo (2000). unifying research program on wastewater treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. Financed by the French Cooperation through the CAMPUS program, project n° 96313119b.32 p.
[7]	Leclerc S., Jacq VA and Tine E., (1985.) Attempts to develop brewery by-products by methane fermentation – “anaerobic contact” process. Orstom documentary funds. 1-25.
[8]	Meyengue Evrad Aurel Rodrigue, (2018). Improving water management in industries: the case of Yaoundé Breweries. Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Maroua. 85 p.
[9]	Wabo Alain Stéphan, (2014). Optimization of Wastewater Treatment and Reduction of the Operating Cost of the Wastewater Treatment Plant. Professional license GEN3, IUT of the University of Ngaoundéré.
[10]	Magang Sopgui Marie Paule, (2017). Improvement of the wastewater recovery rate at the SABC group wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé. Engineering, INSAI Ngaoundéré, 54P.
[11]	ISO, (2010). Managing hazardous materials requirements. Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health (EOSH). ES-RQ-190. PP: 1-15.
[12]	Metcalf & Eddy, (1991). Wastewater engineering – treatment, disposal, reuse. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, London. 782 p.
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[14]	Toukak Siewettcheu Aubin, (2017). Industrial risk assessment: case of BOCOM Industry in Douala. PhD thesis in Environment, Speciality: Management of Industrial and Environmental Risks, University of Dschang.
[15]	Ayina, (2018) Impact of the use of soda in the brewing industries: case of the SABC center factory. Professional Master, in Environmental Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 42 P.
[16]	Makhoukh M., Sbaa M., Berrahou A., Clooster Van. M., (2021). Contribution to the physico-chemical study of the surface waters of Oued Moulouya (Eastern Morocco). Larhyss Journal (9): 149-169.

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Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. (2022). Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers, 2(4), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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ACS Style

Severin Mbog Mbog; Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi; Bill Vaneck Bot; Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022, 2(4), 143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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AMA Style

Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022;2(4):143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11,
  author = {Severin Mbog Mbog and Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi and Bill Vaneck Bot and Dieudonne Bitondo},
  title = {Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde},
  journal = {Frontiers},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {143-151},
  doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  abstract = {Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde
AU  - Severin Mbog Mbog
AU  - Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi
AU  - Bill Vaneck Bot
AU  - Dieudonne Bitondo
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
T2  - Frontiers
JF  - Frontiers
JO  - Frontiers
SP  - 143
EP  - 151
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7197
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
AB  - Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Severin Mbog Mbog

Department of Quality Engineering, Health, Safety and Industrial Environment, National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi

Biotechnology and Environment Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences, Health and Environment, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Bill Vaneck Bot

Laboratory of Thermal and Environment, Advanced Teacher’s Training College for Technical Education, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Dieudonne Bitondo

Department of Quality Engineering, Health, Safety and Industrial Environment, National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

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APA Style

Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. (2022). Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers, 2(4), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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ACS Style

Severin Mbog Mbog; Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi; Bill Vaneck Bot; Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022, 2(4), 143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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AMA Style

Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022;2(4):143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11,
  author = {Severin Mbog Mbog and Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi and Bill Vaneck Bot and Dieudonne Bitondo},
  title = {Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde},
  journal = {Frontiers},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {143-151},
  doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20220204.11},
  abstract = {Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde
AU  - Severin Mbog Mbog
AU  - Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi
AU  - Bill Vaneck Bot
AU  - Dieudonne Bitondo
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
T2  - Frontiers
JF  - Frontiers
JO  - Frontiers
SP  - 143
EP  - 151
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7197
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
AB  - Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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