Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne; Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo; Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne, Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 21 June 2023 Accepted: 11 July 2023 Published: 27 July 2023

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Abstract

The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.

Published in	Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
Page(s)	72-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Microbial Contamination, Plant Derived Suspensions, Herbal Products Safety and Efficacy, Traditional Practitioners

References

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APA Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne, Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. (2023). Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 9(3), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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ACS Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne; Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo; Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2023, 9(3), 72-81. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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AMA Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne, Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. J Dis Med Plants. 2023;9(3):72-81. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12,
  author = {Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne and Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo and Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem},
  title = {Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  abstract = {The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon
AU  - Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne
AU  - Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo
AU  - Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem
Y1  - 2023/07/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 72
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
AB  - The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne

Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo

Department of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem

Department of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon

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APA Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne, Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. (2023). Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 9(3), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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ACS Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne; Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo; Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2023, 9(3), 72-81. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

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AMA Style

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne, Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem. Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon. J Dis Med Plants. 2023;9(3):72-81. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12,
  author = {Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne and Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo and Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem},
  title = {Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20230903.12},
  abstract = {The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon
AU  - Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne
AU  - Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo
AU  - Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem
Y1  - 2023/07/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 72
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20230903.12
AB  - The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download