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HPLC and GC-MS Profiles for New Potential Sources of Anti-aging & Antioxidant Medicines in Mentha Piperita and Ocimum Basilicum var. Thyrsi Flora
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
60-71
Received:
8 June 2022
Accepted:
26 June 2023
Published:
11 July 2023
Abstract: Phytocompounds of natural origin are not only a potential source for maintaining human health but also the supplement of nutrients for long period survival. In recent years, the essential oils and herbal extracts have attracted a great scientific interest due to its potential as a source of natural antioxidants and biologically active compounds, especially in the last decade with more intensive studies for natural chemotherapies and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant medicine in all over the world is now a day’s reviewed by an extensive research on phytochemicals of different plant species and their therapeutic principles. About 80% of the world’s population relies that there is a possibility of finding a cure of degenerative diseases from natural antioxidants of herbal origin. In this series we have tried to identify and quantify the standard phytochemicals having antioxidant activity in Mentha Piperita and Ocimum basilicum var Thyrsi flora to find new potential sources of natural antioxidants medicines which check the human cells damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and harmful radiations for expending the life time (anti-aging) by using HPLC and GC-MS analytical techniques.
Abstract: Phytocompounds of natural origin are not only a potential source for maintaining human health but also the supplement of nutrients for long period survival. In recent years, the essential oils and herbal extracts have attracted a great scientific interest due to its potential as a source of natural antioxidants and biologically active compounds, es...
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Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Alternative and Complementary Plant Derived Suspensions Sold by Traditional Practitioners in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne,
Larissa Tchuinsu Nwabo,
Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
72-81
Received:
21 June 2023
Accepted:
11 July 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the city of Yaoundé and to assess their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. An experimental study was realised in the Department of Microbiology between September 2021 and May 2022 (9 months). This study was initiated with a survey realised within the localities of Yaoundé and the medicinal suspensions were randomly purchased precisely at the round-about TKC, Mvog-ada market, round-about MEEC, round-about Nsam, Mendong entry and EMIA junction. The microbiological quality of the selected twelve medicinal preparations was evaluated using the spread plate technique on specific culture media like Mac Conkey, Salmonella/Shigella, Cetrimide, Chapman and Sabouraud dextrose+chloramphenicol. Then the sensitivity of three bacteria (two Gram negative and one Gram positive) and one yeast to the medicinal preparations was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Subsequently, the medicinal suspensions that were proven microbiologically safe for consumption were used to evaluate their effect on the kinetics of the microorganisms indicated as target by the traditional practitioners. In general, the male gender is capacitated enough to have this activity at heart with professional secrecy conserved at all cost. In a note shell, the microbiological analysis of medicinal preparations reveals that 75% of the medicinal suspensions were contaminated with concentrations ranging from 0 to 4.2 Log CFU/mL in the first week and from 0 to 8.16 Log CFU/mL in the third week, with E. coli dominating in medicinal suspensions, be it in the first or the third week. The antibacterial and antifungal activities with the various techniques used displayed unsuccessful activities conferred by medicinal suspension on the species they aught to deactivate. When compared to the standard curves, the effect of medicinal products on microorganisms with time pointed out a slight difference (between 1.25 to 2.44 Log CFU/mL) to results obtained with the antimicrobial technique. This study proves the absence in safety and efficacy of some traditional products sold by traditional practitioners in the city of Yaoundé and raises the need for the authorities to see deeply into this alarming situation and to put in place standardized procedures and laws that will protect the patients.
Abstract: The rise in the use of herbal products has given rise to various forms of their abuse and adulteration which could lead to fatal effects, such as dysentery, convulsion, renal and liver failures after consumption, making its efficacy doubtful. The aim of this work was to study the safety of commercial plants based medicinal suspensions sold in the c...
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Investigating the Effectiveness of Allion (Indaziflam) on Control of Purple Nutsedge in Sugarcane
Iman Ahmadi,
Elham Elahifard,
Abdul Reza Siyahpoush,
Mohammad Farkhari
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
82-88
Received:
26 June 2023
Accepted:
13 July 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluation the efficacy of indaziflam on control of purple nutsedge in sugarcane fields in Khouzestan, Iran. Trial was randomized complete block design with four replications per treatments. Variety and type of culture were Cp69-102 and plant, respectively. Treatments were 1-indaziflam (75 g ai ha-1, as preemergence); 2-indaziflam (50 g ai ha-1 as preemergence); 3- Trifloxysulfuron sodium+ametryn (1875 g ai ha-1, as postemergence); 4-2,4-D+MCPA (1687.5 g ai ha-1); 5-2,4-D+MCPA+metribuzin (1350 g ai ha-1+1400 g ai ha-1); 6- weeding and 7- weed infested. The herbicides were applied with backpack sprayer equipped with flooding and teejet nozzles calibrated to deliver 300 L ha-1. Measuring quantitative traits were dry weight and density reduction percentage of purple nutsedge, and stem length, stem weight, the middle internode diameter and length of sugarcane. Measuring qualitative traits were purity, pol and recoverable sugar of sugarcane. Statistical calculations were accomplished through the SAS9.2 software and graphs were drawn by the Excel software. The results showed that purple nutsedge responses varied in response to experimental herbicides. Across all herbicides, indaziflam as 75 g ai ha-1 affected purpule nutsedge growth as dry weight and density reduction percentage of purple nutsedge was reduced 100% until 30 day after treatment (DAT). However, indaziflam efficacy was reduced over time. Other herbicides such as indaziflam as 50 g ai ha-1 and trifloxysulfuron sodium+ametryn indicated good effect in purple nutsedge control compared with 4-2,4-D+MCPA and 2,4-D+MCPA+metribuzin. Poor efficacy of post emergence herbicides may be due to high amont of wax present on the surface of nutsedge leaves that may be a factor limiting these herbicides absorption relative to other weeds lacking similar epicuticular wax. Measurment of quantitative traits indicated indaziflam (75 g ai ha-1) was the greatest in stem length (241.44 cm), stem weight (120 t ha-1), the middle internode diameter (1.83 cm) and length (14.5 cm) of sugarcane. Indaziflam (50 g ai ha-1) showed no significant difference with indaziflam (75 g ai ha-1) in stem length, stem weight, the middle internode diameter and length. trifloxysulfuron+ametryn exception stem length and the middle internode length showed significant difference with indaziflam (50 g ai ha-1). 2, 4-D+MCPA exception the middle internode diameter showed no significant difference with weed infested treatment. Purity, pol and recoverable sugar of sugarcane were greatest in application of indaziflam (75 g ai ha-1). Other herbicides such as indaziflam (50 g ai ha-1) and trifloxysulfuron sodium+ametryn were better than the other herbicides. Present research indicated indaziflam could control purpule nutsedge in sugarcane field; although indaziflam efficacy was reduced over time. However, there were no adverse effects of indaziflam rates on sugarcane observed, therefore, this herbicide could be used in sugarcane fields.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluation the efficacy of indaziflam on control of purple nutsedge in sugarcane fields in Khouzestan, Iran. Trial was randomized complete block design with four replications per treatments. Variety and type of culture were Cp69-102 and plant, respectively. Treatments were 1-indaziflam (75 g ai ha-1, as preemer...
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Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Fungicide Efficacy Against Wheat Rust Diseases on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestival L.) at Highland Area of Guji Zone
Seyoum Alemu,
Girma Teshome,
Kabna Asefa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
89-93
Received:
22 May 2023
Accepted:
6 July 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal grown in the highlands of Ethiopia. Various biotic and abiotic stresses affected the production and productivity of wheat. From biotic stresses, yellow rust and stem rust disease of wheat that caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici are among the devastating and wheat production bottlenecks. Therefore, a field experiment was done at two highland of Guji zone (Bore and Ana Sora) under rain-fed condition during the 2019/20 main cropping season to evaluate effects of different fungicides on wheat rust diseases, yield and yield components of bread wheat. The treatments consisted of five fungicides including standard check and nil application using bread wheat variety Kubsa. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to conduct up the experiment. The partial budget analysis was carried out to assess financial profitability of fungicide application for the management of rusts. Analysis of the results revealed that the application of fungicides significantly affected rust diseases, growth parameters and yield attributes except date to heading and date maturity. Fungicide spray treatments significantly reduced both rusts (yellow and stem) rust diseases severity to the lowest level and increment of yield over the nil application. The minimum yellow rust and stem rust diseases severity recorded from the test fungicide Take-Off 293% SC while maximum yellow rust and stem rust diseases severity were recorded at unsprayed plot. There was significant difference (p < 5%) in grain yield, biomass yield, thousand seed weight, plant height, spike length and rust (yellow and stem) between fungicide treatments and control/nil application. The highest grain yield (2738 kg/ha) was obtained from Take-Off 293% SC sprayed plots while the lowest (987 kg/ha) was from nil application. Take-Off 293% SC revealed better grain yield advantage than the standard Check fungicide and control by about 5.6 and 63.95, respectively. Moreover, all fungicide applications showed a considerable production advantage over untreated plots. Take-Off 293% SC controlled effectively both rusts (yellow and stem) diseases of wheat by increasing yield of wheat. Therefore, based on partial budget analysis, yield and rust disease control, using of Take-Off 293% SC fungicide which leads to the optimum yield of bread wheat by decreasing rusts and can be recommended for the study area and other areas with similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal grown in the highlands of Ethiopia. Various biotic and abiotic stresses affected the production and productivity of wheat. From biotic stresses, yellow rust and stem rust disease of wheat that caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici are among the de...
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Ethnobotanical Investigation of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used to Protect Honey Bee Pests and Predators
Mekonen Wolditsadik,
Desta Abi,
Taye Beyene
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
94-99
Received:
6 July 2023
Accepted:
1 August 2023
Published:
10 August 2023
Abstract: Our country has rich flora with different plants having use in the health care system based on indigenous knowledge. In this study, plants of traditional medicinal plants used in study area were investigated. A totally 146 informants (age≥25) were selected to collect information on medicinal plant use from three sampled districts. Of these, 15 key informants were selected purposely based on recommendation by local elders and authorities. Ethnobotanical data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires, field observations and group discussions with traditional medicine practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Jaccard’s similarity index, informant consensus factor, fidelity level and preference ranking were computed. Ethnomedicinal use of 34 plant species distributed in 21 genera and 16 families was documented. Highest number of species (3) was under family Asteraceae and myrtaceae. Habit wise, 50% were Trees followed by shrubs (29.4%), herbs (14.7%) and climbers (5.8%). The most widely used ways of applying plant materials to protect honey bee pests and predators were cutting the leaves and smearing around hive stand and hive entrance (47.6%), smoking (5.7%), cover hives stand with (7.6), put on hives (2.85) and planting around hives (4.76). Ants, lizards, beetles and snakes had the highest ICF value (>90). Therefore, biochemical profiles of plant species used to protect pests and predators with high ICF should be investigated for screening of the active ingredients.
Abstract: Our country has rich flora with different plants having use in the health care system based on indigenous knowledge. In this study, plants of traditional medicinal plants used in study area were investigated. A totally 146 informants (age≥25) were selected to collect information on medicinal plant use from three sampled districts. Of these, 15 key ...
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