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Assessment of Frequency and Severity of Mask-Induced Dry Eye in University Students During COVID-19
Rabia Bushra Ehsan,
Fareena Tehreem,
Fariah Ata,
Namra Kanwal,
Maryam Jabbar,
Muhammad Aneeq Alyas
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
120-125
Received:
26 July 2022
Accepted:
26 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cmr.20221105.11
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of dry eye in mask wearer and to give public awareness about dry eye disease and its serious consequences. This study provides a way of direction to diagnose dry eye and treat it timely before any serious complication. The awareness about preventive measures and treatment was given to participants. This was Descriptive Cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in The University of Faisalabad. The duration of study was from December 2021 to February 2022. 100 participants were taken for this study. Non- Probability Convenient sampling technique was used for sample collection. We collected the data for our research through validated OSDI questionnaire. The analysis was presented in the form of Frequency Distribution. Out of 100 students 35 were male and 64 were females. Mean ± SD of age of patients was 20.62 ± 1.523 year. The severity level of Mask-Induced dry eye was Mild (49), Moderate (26%) and Severe (12%). Majority of participants wear surgical Mask (83%) only few wears fabric Mask (12%) and KN95 (5%). About 79% were non-spectacle users and 21% were spectacle users. The frequency of duration of Mask wear was 2-4 hours (19%), 4-6 hours (26%), 6-8 hours (32%) and 8-10 hours (23%). The present study was to determine the Frequency and Severity of Mask-Induced Dry eye in University Students. We found that majority of participants have mild and moderate type of dry eye after wearing mask.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of dry eye in mask wearer and to give public awareness about dry eye disease and its serious consequences. This study provides a way of direction to diagnose dry eye and treat it timely before any serious complication. The awareness about preventive measures and treatment was given to ...
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Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: Lafora Disease - Clinical and Genetic Findings
Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad,
Mohammad Nazmul Hassan Chowdhury,
Mohammad Abdullah Al Hasan,
Mohammad Masum Emran,
Panchanon Das,
Maher Akther
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
126-129
Received:
24 July 2022
Accepted:
29 August 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cmr.20221105.12
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Abstract: Introduction: Progressive myoclonic epilepsies are group of genetic diseases with grave prognosis, consist of Lafora disease, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, type I sialidosis, action myoclonus- renal failure syndrome, Myoclonus epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF) and type III Gaucher disease. Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive severe form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy typically start in adolescence with severe myoclonus, other focal and generalised seizures, refractory status epilepticus, ataxia, dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It has a rapid malignant course with death in 4-8 years due to respiratory failure. Two common genetic form are known, 42% are caused by EPM2A and 58% EPM2B mutations. Recently mutations in an additional gene, PRDM8 which is responsible for early onset phenotype has been reported. Aim: To diagnose and determine the common Bangladeshi mutations in Lafora disease. Case report: Our case consists with a nineteen years old boy, born from a first degree consanguineous marriage with a younger brother suffering from similar illness. He showed severe progressive myoclonic epilepsy, ataxia and dementia. EEG showed generalised slowing with polyspike-wave complexes and MRI revealed mild cerebral atrophy. Genetic study confirmed the diagnosis of Lafora disease. Conclusion: This case is a Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy of Lafora disease (LD) type with missense mutations in EPM2A gene. There are also mutations found in G6PD, GYS2 and GAA genes.
Abstract: Introduction: Progressive myoclonic epilepsies are group of genetic diseases with grave prognosis, consist of Lafora disease, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, type I sialidosis, action myoclonus- renal failure syndrome, Myoclonus epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF) and type III Gaucher disease. Lafora disease (LD)...
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Early Clinical Efficacy of Prone Ventilation in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease with Concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Ying Zhou,
Ming Jin,
Guohui Yu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
130-134
Received:
18 August 2022
Accepted:
4 September 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cmr.20221105.13
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Abstract: In this prospective study, we aimed to compare the early (4h) clinical responses of prone conventional ventilation (CV) in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) patients with concurrent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 40 patients with CTD-ILD combined with early onset of ARDS were recruited from May 2021 to March 2022 in the First Hospital of Jinmen, China. They were separated into two groups (n=20 per group). Patients in the control group were given routine treatment, which included infection control, correcting electrolyte disorder, correcting the acid-base imbalance, and nutritional support, etc. For the intervention group, additional conventional ventilation in the prone position (prone-CV) was provided. The following indicators were monitored, including respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP). The changes in sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA), respiratory dynamic indexes (RR and PaO2/FIO2) and hemodynamics, including HR, CVP (mm Hg) and MAP (mmHg) were compared before and 4 hours after treatment. After 4 h of treatment, patients in the prone-CV group had significantly lowered SOFA scores (9.134 ± 1.12 vs. 10.03 ± 0.84, p = 0.007) and improved PaO2/FIO2 ratio (184.8 ± 35.59 vs. 104.2 ± 14.64, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The hemodynamics, including HR, MAP and CVP were stable. In conclusion, early administration of Prone-CV could rapidly improve the SOFA score and oxygenation among CTD-ILD patients during acute exacerbations of ARDS.
Abstract: In this prospective study, we aimed to compare the early (4h) clinical responses of prone conventional ventilation (CV) in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) patients with concurrent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 40 patients with CTD-ILD combined with early onset of ARDS were recruited from May 2021 ...
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Potassium in Red Blood Cells - A New Biomarker of Oxidative Stress by Sepsis
Johannes Barg,
Vitaliy Kazarcev,
Alexey Astakhov
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
135-144
Received:
12 September 2022
Accepted:
26 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cmr.20221105.14
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Abstract: There is increasing evidence that oxidants and antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Sepsis is also characterized by excessive production of oxidants. Although many biomarkers for oxidative stress have been developed, the most biomarkers are technically very complex and they are not suitable for clinical routine. We discuss the possibility of using as a biomarker for oxidative stress by sepsis a new parameter - the concentration of potassium in red blood cells (RBC). The method for measuring potassium in erythrocytes, as well as the explanation for the increased potassium in the RBC, as a result of eryptosis (absorption of released potassium), was described by us earlier. Oxidative stress is known to be a major trigger for eryptosis - as a consequence, the increased potassium concentration in RBC directly reflects the intensity of oxidative stress. We also detect a tight buffer-like interaction between potassium in RBC and chlorine in plasma. Based on results from our study, we designed a nomogram for acid-base status of RBC. Method: In 66 patients (meeting criteria "Sepsis-3"), measurements of potassium in RBC were performed on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day stay at intensive care unit (ICU). The results: all patients had increased potassium in RBC on the 1st day. In the RBC nomogram, all measurements were in the range of metabolic acidosis. Over time, potassium in RBC normalized in surviving patients (n=42). In deceased patients (n=24), potassium in RBC fell with transition to metabolic alkalosis. A clear relationship was also noted between the concentration of potassium in the RBC and SOFA scale. The transition from metabolic acidosis to the metabolic alkalosis was accompanied by increased mortality. So, ROC - analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity of RBC acid-base status in predicting in-hospital mortality (AUROC = 0,78). Conclusion: The preliminary diagnostic model created on the basis of the nomogram allows assess the relationship of this parameter with the clinical course of sepsis. Basically, three approaches are conceivable for clinical practice: 1. Estimation of oxidative stress; 2. Estimation of RBC insufficiency or potassium deficiency; 3. Monitoring of antioxidant therapy. For the introduction into clinical routine, the automation of the method by Medical Industry is essential.
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that oxidants and antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Sepsis is also characterized by excessive production of oxidants. Although many biomarkers for oxidative stress have been developed, the most biomarkers are technically very complex and they are not suitable for clinical routine. We discuss th...
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Indocyanine Green Fluorescence–Guided Avoidance of Bile Duct Injury During Simultaneous Laparoscopic Fenestration and Cholecystectomy
Hui Liu,
Jiao Kuang,
Yu Huang,
Shuai Zhang,
Jiefeng Weng,
Yueyuan Lai,
Zhaofeng Wu,
Keqiang Ma,
Weili Gu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
145-149
Received:
22 September 2022
Accepted:
8 October 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cmr.20221105.15
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Abstract: Real-time indocyanine green (ICG) guided surgery has been reported to be safe for cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Laparoscopic fenestration (LF) is a standard and safe procedure for liver cysts. However, no cases had been reported for simultaneous treatment of fenestration and cholecystectomy using ICG guided laparoscopic surgery. In this presented study, a case of successful simultaneous treatment of LF and LC was reported using ICG to prevent biliary injury. A 72-year-old man diagnosed with multiple hepatic cysts and gallstones was given 0.1 mg ICG intravenously 20 min before surgery. ICG cholangiography clearly showed the common bile duct and the liver parenchyma for LC. The cystohepatic triangle was safely dissected without injuring the common bile duct using the merge view mode. ICG fluorescence cholangiography clearly showed the biliary ducts inside the cyst and distinguished the wall of cysts from parenchyma. Only the cyst walls were resected to the greatest extent possible without injuring surrounding bile ducts. With the administration of 0.1 mg ICG intravenously 20 min before surgery, real-time ICG guided surgery is safe for simultaneous LF and LC for avoidance of bile duct injury. In conclusion, administration of 0.1 mg ICG intravenously 20 min before surgery is an applicable dose and timing for ICG guided simultaneous LF and LC and deserves popularization.
Abstract: Real-time indocyanine green (ICG) guided surgery has been reported to be safe for cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Laparoscopic fenestration (LF) is a standard and safe procedure for liver cysts. However, no cases had been reported for simultaneous treatment of fenestration and cholecystectomy using ICG guided laparoscopic surg...
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