-
Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples
Abraha Gebregewergis,
Gebeyaw Achenef
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
23 February 2022
Published:
28 February 2022
Abstract: An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO3: 1 mL HClO4, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.
Abstract: An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samp...
Show More
-
Cluster Based Pre-scaling Up of Soil Test Fertilizer Recommendation Rate for Maize in Selected Districts of Buno Bedele Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
6-11
Received:
22 January 2022
Accepted:
19 February 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Ethiopia is grappling with overwhelming challenges to produce more food for a fast-growing population due to fragmented land with low soil fertility status owned by poor smallholder farmers who are unlikely to afford adequate input use. Given this, Bedele Agricultural Research Center with the support of AGP-II conducted; cluster based pre scaling up of soil test fertilizer recommendation rate for maize in selected districts of Buno Bedele zone, Southwester Ethiopia with the objectives of popularizing soil test fertilizer recommendation rate for maize through enhancing farmers’ knowledge and skill and strengthening stakeholders’ linkage in the study areas during 2019 cropping season. Bedele and Chora districts were selected purposively for being maize production potential in the zone and the conducted soil test calibration studies in which two clusters having 52 farmers (45 male and 7 female) were established in collaboration with different level agricultural stakeholders for the sustainability of technology transfer. The total land size used for cluster approach was 15 hectare in which the two maize varieties Shone and BH661 were planted with the site specific soil test based fertilizer application. For technology transfer; training and field day consisting 283 stakeholders (253 male and 30 female) were held. In general, the attained yield of Shone variety in Bedele was 7.3 tons ha-1, whereas BH661 in Chora district was 5.2 tons ha-1 that exceeds the attained average national maize yield 3.7 tons ha-1 in 2019 cropping season. Therefore, scaling-up of the soil test fertilizer recommendation rate for maize should be carried out in the study areas and similar maize potential agro-ecological zones with strong stakeholders’ participation.
Abstract: Ethiopia is grappling with overwhelming challenges to produce more food for a fast-growing population due to fragmented land with low soil fertility status owned by poor smallholder farmers who are unlikely to afford adequate input use. Given this, Bedele Agricultural Research Center with the support of AGP-II conducted; cluster based pre scaling u...
Show More
-
Effects of Blended NPSB and N Fertilizer Rates on Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain Yield and Yield Components in Chora District, Buno Bedele Zone, South Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
12-23
Received:
16 February 2022
Accepted:
7 March 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: Maize is a significant cereal crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of this crop is declined from time to time due to continuous use of DAP and urea for a long season, which resulted in deficiency of other important nutrients and due to absence of the right fertilizer with the right rate at the right time. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at chora district during the 2021 main cropping season to assess the effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates supplemented with inorganic N fertilizer on maize grain yield and yield components and to determine the economically optimum levels of blended NPSB and N required to give higher yield of maize. The treatment consisted of factorial combination of five levels of blended NPSB (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg/ha) and four levels of N (0, 23, 46 and 69kg/ha) fertilizer rates. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of the results revealed that, plant height (PH), above ground dry biomass (AGDB kg/ha), grain yield (GY kg/ha) and stalk yield (SY kg/ha) were highly significantly affected by main effect of blended NPSB and N rates, as well as by their interaction, while number of cob per plot (NCPP), cob length (CL), number of grains per cob (NGPC), thousand kernel weight (TKW gm) and harvest index (HI%) were significantly affected by main effect of blended NPSB and N rates, as well as by their interaction. Only number of rows per cob (NRPC) was not significantly affected by both main effects of blended NPSB and N rates, as well as their interaction. The result showed that, the highest grain yield (7026.4kg/ha) and net benefit (89020 ETB/ha) with an acceptable marginal rate of return (1010.9%) was obtained from the plot treated with 200kg/ha of NPSB and 69kg/ha of N fertilizer rates. Therefore, based on the result obtained from this study, application of 200kg/ha of blended fertilizer supplemented with 69 kg/ha of N fertilizer can be suggested as profitable for production of maize at the study area and their similar soil conditions and agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Maize is a significant cereal crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of this crop is declined from time to time due to continuous use of DAP and urea for a long season, which resulted in deficiency of other important nutrients and due to absence of the right fertilizer with the right rate at the right time. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted...
Show More
-
Mechanochemical Preparation and Biological Activity of Mn (II) Complex from Ciprofloxacin
Shehu Jibril,
Kabiru Aliyu Baraya,
Auwal Adamu Mahmoud,
Jibril Shirama,
Samira Muhammad Shehu,
Shu’aibu Bala Adamu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
24-28
Received:
8 February 2022
Accepted:
7 March 2022
Published:
18 March 2022
Abstract: The mechanochemically prepared complex [Mn(cip)2Cl2] was synthesized using simple neat grinding method and analyzed using spectral studies, elemental analysis and physicochemical properties. The complex shows increase in biological activity compared with both the free ligand of ciprofloxacin and the standard. The IR spectral analysis of the complex, the ligand ciprofloxacin acts as bidentate ligand that indicate a strong band in the spectra at 1707.92 cm-1 and 1628.81 cm-1 which was assigned to υ(C=O) cm-1 υ(COO) cm-1. It shifted to a lower frequency’s regions of 1707.92 cm-1 and 1625.40 cm-1 in the complex indicating the involvement of carbonyl groups of both amide and carboxylic acid in the coordination, the bands at 478.20 cm-1 and 750.39 cm-1 which is absent in the free ligand appeared in the complex was assigned to υ(M-O) and υ(M-Cl) band. The value obtained from molar conductivity at 10.7 Ω-1cm2mol-1 indicate that the complex is non-electrolyte in DMSO. Both the elemental and physicochemical analysis agreed with the proposed structure of the compound and also suggested one metal to two ligands ratio. Due to environmentally friendly, shortest reactions time, inexpensive, production of higher yields the authors recommend the use of mechanochemical methods over solution-based.
Abstract: The mechanochemically prepared complex [Mn(cip)2Cl2] was synthesized using simple neat grinding method and analyzed using spectral studies, elemental analysis and physicochemical properties. The complex shows increase in biological activity compared with both the free ligand of ciprofloxacin and the standard. The IR spectral analysis of the complex...
Show More
-
Effect of Blended NPSB and Urea Fertilizers Rate on Yield and Yield Component of Wheat on Nitisols at Welmera Districts, Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Zeleke Obsa,
Matias Dejene,
Girma Chala
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
28-33
Received:
4 February 2022
Accepted:
7 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Wheat productivity in Ethiopia is low due to nutrient deficiency, low chemical fertilizer usage, and poor management practices are among the major constraints. Now adays, proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations is a principal in order to increase the crop productivity in Ethiopia. Taking this in a Point of view, a field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 cropping season at Welmera districts to determine optimum blended NPSB and urea fertilizer rate for wheat production. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The treatment consists of four NPSB rate (100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha) with three rates of urea (150, 250, 350kg/ha) were tested with one Recommended NP (60N/69P2O5) kg/ha as standard check and one treatment negative control having 14 treatments used for experiments. Grain yield and biomass yields recorded on plot basis were converted to kg ha-1 for statistical analysis. The results revealed that yield and yield componets of wheat affected by application of NPSB and urea fertilizer rates. The highest biomass yield (16,875 kg ha−1) and highest grain yield (4984.3 ha-1) were obtained from application of 250 kg NPSB with 350 kg urea ha-1, while the lowest biomass yield and grain yield were recorded from control plot. Whereas based on partial budget analysis application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 with 350 kg urea ha-1 provided relatively with high net benefit and hence these could be the best rate to apply.
Abstract: Wheat productivity in Ethiopia is low due to nutrient deficiency, low chemical fertilizer usage, and poor management practices are among the major constraints. Now adays, proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations is a principal in order to increase the crop productivity in Ethiopia. Taking this in a Point of view, a field experiment was conduc...
Show More
