Role of Acids in Multimetal Distributions Using 4,4´-(1E,1E´)-1,1´-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-YL-1ylidene))bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ol) (H2BuEtP)
Godwin Jackson,
Bennett Victoria
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
54-72
Received:
8 July 2022
Accepted:
26 July 2022
Published:
5 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20220703.11
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Abstract: The role of some common acids CH3COOH, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4 and H2SO4 in the multi-metal distribution/extraction of Cadmium, Nickel, Lead and Iron from aqueous media buffered to either pH 4.75 or 7.5 using the ligand 4´4-(1E,1E´)-1,1´-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1ylidene))bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ol) H2BuEtP alone and in the presence of 1-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) butan-1-one (HBuP) was studied using solvent-solvent extraction method. An equilibration time of 60 minutes was used. The extraction raffinates were analysed for Cadmium, Nickel and Lead with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while Iron was colorimetrically determined with 1,10-phenanthroline and absorbances compared with standards and extraction parameters; distribution ratios, percentage % E and number of batches n needed to achieve 99.9% extraction of the four metals calculated. The distribution ratios of the metals were statistically analysed for differences between the two buffers, organic extractants and the acids. All the acids showed good potentials in the selective separation of Iron from Cadmium, Nickel and Lead. The conditions for the use of the different acids for the selective separations of Cadmium/Iron from Nickel/Lead, Nickel/Iron from Cadmium/Lead and Lead/Iron from Cadmium/Nickel were established with calculated number of batches needed to obtain 99.9% extractions of the metals. Only 0.01 M – 0.05 M H3PO4 showed good potentials in the mult-imetal extraction of the four metals from an aqueous medium containing the four metals and buffered to pH 7.5 using the mixed ligands H2BuEtP/HBuP organic phase and 99.9% extraction of the four metals calculated to be achievable after 9 batches of extractions with fresh organic phase. The synergic effect of the second ligand HBuP was observed in only a few cases.
Abstract: The role of some common acids CH3COOH, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4 and H2SO4 in the multi-metal distribution/extraction of Cadmium, Nickel, Lead and Iron from aqueous media buffered to either pH 4.75 or 7.5 using the ligand 4´4-(1E,1E´)-1,1´-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1ylidene))bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ol) H2BuEtP alone and in the pre...
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Effect of Chemical Passivation on Nitinol Based Implant
Dr. Pramod Kumar Minocha,
Kothwala Deveshkumar Mahendralal,
Durani Mohamadovesh Mohamadyasin,
Tamboli Prasadkumar Sunilbhai
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
73-78
Received:
2 July 2022
Accepted:
23 July 2022
Published:
5 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20220703.12
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Abstract: The present research looked at a passivation method for polished nitinol based implant and stent component after a standard heat setting treatment. Passivation of heat-treated samples in a nitric acid solution was followed by a series of corrosion tests, surface examination, and chemical analysis. The enhancement in corrosion resistance is suggested by a chemical study of passivation solutions. After prolonged immersion in saline solution, the enhanced corrosion resistance is maintained. The chemical treatment leads to a protective oxide layer that is less likely to chemically react with air and cause corrosion. On an implant surface that has undergone chemical cleaning, the chemical treatment that will hasten the creation of the passive coating must be performed. The surfaces of the passivated components must be chemically clean, and a visual inspection must reveal no etching, pitting, or freezing. The chemical passivation process stops the surface's corrosion from its path. A passivation treatment using 10 - 60% nitric acid at 80 - 90°C for 20 min has been successfully applied to mechanically polished nitinol, after a typical shape setting heat treatment. The process undergoes till the color of the nitinol implant changes from violet blue to polished white.
Abstract: The present research looked at a passivation method for polished nitinol based implant and stent component after a standard heat setting treatment. Passivation of heat-treated samples in a nitric acid solution was followed by a series of corrosion tests, surface examination, and chemical analysis. The enhancement in corrosion resistance is suggeste...
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