Evaluating the Role of Payment Vehicles in the Non-market Valuation of Riparian Habitat Protection in Kenya
Esther Machana Magembe,
Hilary Kabiru Ndambiri,
Jared Isaboke Mose
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
75-86
Received:
16 May 2022
Accepted:
6 June 2022
Published:
13 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20220704.11
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Abstract: Riparian habitats (RH) have been known for provision of essential service (Environmental conservation, scenic beauty and recreation) among others. In Kenya, these habitats are under pressure from human encroachment. Recently, the Kenya National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) demolished structures along RH to promote their health. The intervention could be rational with economic and environmental implications on RH protection, but empirical evidence is lacking. Therefore, understanding the role played by payment vehicle (PV) in valuation of welfare estimates could explain the observed behavior. Multistage sampling design was used to sample 774 households. Stochastic Payment Card (SPC) and Multiple Bound Discrete Choice Payment Card (MBDC) generated the data. Data were: - collected through interview schedule, analyzed using two stage random valuation model and processed with STATA. Tax exhibited a consistent and higher mean WTP value than Trust. Determinants (Age, Gender, Income, Necessity to protect RH (NPRH), Distance, Household size, Certainty of future incomes (CFI), Elicitation Format (EF) and PV significantly influenced WTP values. Standard deviations of WTP distributions were significantly influenced by (Distance, Education level, Age, EF, Change in PV, CFI, Household size, NPRH and Land ownership). Change in PV influenced welfare estimates at 1% significance level, thus rejection of overall null hypothesis (Changing the PV does not significantly affect individual welfare estimates towards RHP in Kenya). The Kenyan residents were willing to pay positive amounts for RHP and were supportive of the Tax fund given that it exhibited higher and consistent WTP estimates contrary to what is desirable in contingent valuation studies. Moreover, Tax as a PV worked well with SPC data generation format even though it overstated the WTP values, the estimates were consistent.
Abstract: Riparian habitats (RH) have been known for provision of essential service (Environmental conservation, scenic beauty and recreation) among others. In Kenya, these habitats are under pressure from human encroachment. Recently, the Kenya National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) demolished structures along RH to promote their health. The int...
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Effect of FDI on CO2 Emissions: Panel Study from Developing Countries
Mohamed Fathy Abdelgany,
Ahmed Gad Mohamed Gad-Elhak
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
87-99
Received:
29 June 2022
Accepted:
18 July 2022
Published:
28 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20220704.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Climate change represents a massive challenge to the continuation of life on Earth; Therefore, it is meaningful to study how different macroeconomic variables affect environmental pollution, to enable policymakers to take appropriate policies that maintain the environment and line up with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). So, this paper comes to examine the validity of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH), and the pollution halo hypothesis besides the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Furthermore, estimate to what extent FDI affects environmental pollution in developing countries, including energy consumption and income as further determinants of carbon dioxide emissions. To accomplish this purpose, the research employs an econometric model that utilizes the panel data estimation techniques of pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects, in addition to, the dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. Moreover, the results are confirmed by using two separate samples, the first sample consists of 30 countries and the second sample consists of 42 countries during the period from 1990 to 2019. The research reveals that results from the first and second samples conform with the pollution halo hypothesis, while the EKC hypothesis does not valid in developing countries. Moreover, both energy consumption and economic growth lead to increasing environmental pollution, while FDI leads to a decrease in both samples.
Abstract: Climate change represents a massive challenge to the continuation of life on Earth; Therefore, it is meaningful to study how different macroeconomic variables affect environmental pollution, to enable policymakers to take appropriate policies that maintain the environment and line up with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). So, this paper comes t...
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