Prevalence and Associated Factors of Soil Transmitted Helminths and Schistosoma mansoni Infections Among Communities Along Rivers in Guder Town, West Ethiopia
Mulugeta Getachew,
Tariku Belay,
Ukash Umer,
Kinfu Yazachew
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
69-77
Received:
25 October 2022
Accepted:
14 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
Abstract: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) are among the most common cause of human infections and are distributed throughout developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is little information on the current status of these infections to guide intervention in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of STHs and S. mansoni infections among communities along rivers in Guder town from September to October 2021. A cross-sectional study design was employed from September to October 2021 among communities along rivers in Guder town, West Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 279 study participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were sampled randomly. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants and risk factors for STHs and S. mansoni infections were gathered using a structured questionnaire. For the quantification of STHs and S. mansoni eggs, the stool sample was processed using a single Kato-Katz technique. Data were entered into Epi-info and analyzed using SPSS. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Live snails were transferred to the Ambo University in a plastic container with water and weed for identification and cercaria infection. The overall prevalence of any STHs and S. mansoni was 59 (21.2%), of which the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni accounts for 54 (19.4%) and 10 (3.6%), respectively. Among Soil-Transmitted Helminths, A. lumbricoides was the predominant parasite detected in 39 (14%) followed by T. trichiura 13 (4.7%) and hookworms 11 (3.9%). Light intensity was found in the majority of study participants infected with STHs and S. mansoni. Having untrimmed fingernails, Lack of washing vegetables and fruit, and open defecation habits were significantly associated with STHs infection while swimming in the nearby river was significantly associated with S. mansoni. A few of the live snails collected were identified as B. pfeifferi and cercariae shading was not detected. This study showed 19.4 % of Soil Transmitted Helminths and 3.6% of S. mansoni infections. So, case-by-case treatment is recommended to control morbidity associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths and S. mansoni infections in the study area.
Abstract: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) are among the most common cause of human infections and are distributed throughout developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is little information on the current status of these infections to guide intervention in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study wa...
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Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba,
Acácio Salamandane,
Brígida Macaza,
Cecília Boaventura,
Leonel Novela,
Cátia Salamandane
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
78-90
Received:
22 December 2022
Accepted:
10 January 2023
Published:
31 January 2023
Abstract: Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.
Abstract: Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonell...
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