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Performance Evaluation of Herbaceous Bee Forages for Beekeeping Development
Mekonnen Wolditsadik,
Taye Beyene,
Desta Abi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
89-93
Received:
1 June 2023
Accepted:
5 July 2023
Published:
13 July 2023
Abstract: Availability of adequate perennial and annual sources of nectar and pollen is the most limiting factor in the survival, abundance and distribution of honey bees. The study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the best performing bee forages from ten plant species with a view to selecting for honey production for mid and lowland agro-ecologies. The planting materials were Nigella sativa, Coriander sativum, Dolchus lablab, Brassica carinata, Ocimum sanctum, lathyrus satives, phaseolus vulgaris, Glycinemax and Helianthus annus. The species were evaluated and characterized based on pollen yield, germination rate, number of flower heads perplant, time to set flower, foraging intensity of honey bees and flowering length. Accordingly, Helianthus annus, Brassica carinata, Ocimum sanctum, Coriander sativum and Glycine max were good at Adami Tulu and Nagele Arsi districts. Mean number of flower heads per1m2 for all studied plant species was different. Helianthus annus and Brassica carinata had higher pollen yield at each study site. Honey Bees foraging intensity was higher for Helianthus annus. From these studies, it is concluded that Helianthus annus, Coriander sativum, Brassica carinata, Ocimum sanctum, Nigella sativa, Glycine max, lathyrus satives and Dolchus lablab showed better performance at mid and lowland agro ecology, however, these species requires further evaluation particularly on Carrying capacity and honey production potential of the selected plant should be investigated in different agro ecology.
Abstract: Availability of adequate perennial and annual sources of nectar and pollen is the most limiting factor in the survival, abundance and distribution of honey bees. The study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the best performing bee forages from ten plant species with a view to selecting for honey production for mid and lowland agro-ecologies...
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Insecticidal Effect of Different Plants Extracts Against Wheat Weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L., 1985) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
94-99
Received:
11 July 2023
Accepted:
3 August 2023
Published:
17 August 2023
Abstract: The most common of the pest is Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) which causes economically loss of important crops in stored grains. Chemical pesticides are commonly used to control S. granarius. Researchers have recently focused on alternatives to chemical pesticides. There have been a great number of studies on this issue. In this study, the plant extracts of Achillea wilhelmsii C. (Asteraceae), Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae), Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae) and Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) were used to determine their toxic effects on S. granarius. Pertaining to the purpose each concentration was applied on 20g wheat. Adult individuals of S. granarius (one day old) were used for this experiment. Wheat applied extract were stored in jars. The experiments were conducted with randomized design with four replicates, including control. Pure water was used for control. Experiment was carried out in laboratory (24 ± 1°C and 60% ± 65 humidity) conditions. A commercial preparation called Gamma-T-ol obtained from the extract of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) (Myrtaceae) was used as a positive control. As a result, none of the extracts had contact effect. F1 progeny effect of plants extracts on S. granarius was increased with an, increase in concentration. The highest suppression rate was determined at the highest concentration of M. alternifolia. It was followed by the high concentrations of C. annuum, A. wilhelmsii. T. parthenium and T. vulgare respectively. The lowest suppression rate was determined at the highest concentration of T. vulgare extract. It is thought that the plant extracts found to be effective as a result of this study can be used as organic insecticides in IPM programs against wheat weevil.
Abstract: The most common of the pest is Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) which causes economically loss of important crops in stored grains. Chemical pesticides are commonly used to control S. granarius. Researchers have recently focused on alternatives to chemical pesticides. There have been a great number of studies on this issue. In th...
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Efficacy of Plastic Bottle-Baited Traps for Capturing Coffee Berry Borer and Other Coffee Insects Pests in Kilimanjaro Region-Tanzania
Aden Mbuba,
Lilian Shechambo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
100-108
Received:
24 May 2023
Accepted:
12 July 2023
Published:
18 September 2023
Abstract: Globally, the coffee industry loses millions of dollars per annum due to the effects caused by Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) which reduces the yield and quality of coffee by boring into the coffee fruit and destroys the marketable product. Plastic bottle-baited traps with methylated spirit and water ratio 1:1 (v/v) have been locally designed to control CBB. However, there is limited information on proper height and spacing for placing the traps in controlling this insect pest. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of this trap placed at different heights and spacing in capturing CBB and other coffee pests in the coffee field. Unlike spacing, the trap’s heights showed a significant effect on the total number of captured CBBs (p=2.01×10-9) and other coffee insect pests, in this case, only Black coffee twig borer BCTB were captured (p=0.007671). The trap height at 1.2 m and 1.6 m captured a total of CBB (208) and BCTB (19) respectively. However, there was a significant effect of the trap’s spacing on capturing the CBB over time (p=0.04540). But there was a significant effect of spacing (p=0.0004910), height (p= 0.0007209), and interaction of spacing and height (p=1.428×10-5) traps on which traps were placed. According to the study findings placing the trap at a height of 1.2m and spacing of 5m is more efficient in capturing CBB and lowering their population in the field. The study found that plastic baited traps could be explored as a useful tool for capturing the CBB, considering its monitoring and management.
Abstract: Globally, the coffee industry loses millions of dollars per annum due to the effects caused by Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) which reduces the yield and quality of coffee by boring into the coffee fruit and destroys the marketable product. Plastic bottle-baited traps with methylated spirit and water ratio 1:1 (v/v) have bee...
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Integrated Management of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
109-119
Received:
12 June 2023
Accepted:
6 September 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
Abstract: Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a key pest of maize worldwide. Its damages on yield vary between 30 and 70% in the America, 11 to 100% in Africa and 32% in Ethiopia; the yield losses have been identified. In this study, we evaluated two types of bioassay and synthetic chemicals efficacy against fall armyworm during high infestation year under laboratory and field. Those five types of plant extracts, four types of synthetic chemicals, and two types of EPF were evaluated against fall armyworm. Among botanicals lantana camara, Azadirachta indica, Jatropha carcus, Candle bush, and Grewinia tenax were showed that the percent of larval mortalities were, 65%, 71%, 76%, 81% and 85% respectively after 72hrs. While the evaluated insecticides of Dursban 48%, Best 5EC, Karate 5 EC, and Bravo 5EC (80%, 83%, 90% and 93.3%) caused larval mortality of FAW after 72hrs. The efficacy evaluations of Matarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were showed that the mortality of larvae caused 70% & 81% respectively after 72hrs. Three treatments that showed potent effect on mortality of FAW in vitro (Bravo 5EC, Beauveria bassiana and Grewinia tenax) were evaluated in the field condition in IPM strategy integrating with host resistance. The results of the IPM study showed that the combinations of CZH132150 x Bravo 5EC, CZH1270 x Beauveria bassiana, CZH1270 x Grewinia tenax, CZH132150 x Grewina tenax, CZH1261 x Bravo 5EC, and CZH1270 x Bravo 5EC treatments when evaluated on the field were highly and significantly reduced yield losses recorded, 20%, 21%, 24%, 25%, 31% and 32% respectively.
Abstract: Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a key pest of maize worldwide. Its damages on yield vary between 30 and 70% in the America, 11 to 100% in Africa and 32% in Ethiopia; the yield losses have been identified. In this study, we evaluated two types of bioassay and synthetic chemicals efficacy against fall armyworm ...
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