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The Study of Antimicrobial Activities of Various Transition Metal Mixed Ligand Complexes Containing 1,10-Phenanthroline with Any Other Ligands
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-10
Received:
1 February 2022
Accepted:
24 February 2022
Published:
28 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20220701.11
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Abstract: The widespread usage of antibiotics in recent years has resulted in a surge in drug‑resistant bacteria resistant to a variety of medications. The identification of innovative and potent molecules against new targets is critical to combating the worrisome problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Numerous transition metal mixed ligand complexes have been explored as a result of this, with promising results. Because transition metals have different oxidation states and can interact with a variety of ligands, they play an essential role in medical inorganic chemistry. Metals' high activity has led to the recent creation of metal‑based pharmaceuticals that are being explored as viable candidates for pharmacological and therapeutic purposes. This review focuses on research conducted over the last few decades that has sought to possess biological applications such as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of synthetic mixed ligand transition metal complexes, and it focuses primarily on a small number of transition metal mixed ligand complexes such as Mn (II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), Ru(III) that contain 1,10-Phenanthroline as a major ligand The majority of this article is devoted to nitrogen donor ligands that chelate transition metals and are employed in metallodrugs.
Abstract: The widespread usage of antibiotics in recent years has resulted in a surge in drug‑resistant bacteria resistant to a variety of medications. The identification of innovative and potent molecules against new targets is critical to combating the worrisome problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Numerous transition metal mixed ligand complexe...
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Effect of Balanced Fertilizers and Lime Rate on Maize (Zea mays L) Yield in Omo Nada District, Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Abdeta,
Garoma Firdisa,
Gedefa Sori
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
11-16
Received:
31 March 2022
Accepted:
7 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20220701.12
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Abstract: Declining of soil nutrients is among the factors that lead to low crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to verify and demonstrate the beneficial effect of lime and balanced fertilizer application rate in improving the yield of Maize on acid soils of Omo Nada district. The experiment comprised seven treatments namely; Control, NPS, NPSB, NPSB with 100% recommended rate of Lime, NPSB with 75% recommended rate of Lime, NPSB with 50% recommended rate of Lime and NPSB with 25% recommended rate of lime were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated across ten farmers’ fields. Data analysis was conducted on grain yield data to detect variation among treatments. Partial budget analysis was also done to determine the economic feasibility of treatments. The results revealed that there were highly significant differences (P < 0.01) among treatments in their effect on grain yield of maize. Accordingly, NPSB with full recommended lime gave significantly superior yield of maize (in sites. This treatment increased the mean grain yield over the control by 27.26 qt/ha yields advantages. Application of lime alone did not increase the yield of Maize in all sites suggesting that the soil were severely depleted of essential nutrients. The result of partial budget analysis data also showed that the highest net benefit and marginal rate of return (466%) was obtained from NPSB with full recommended lime. Finally, the highest biological and economical yield of Maize was obtained from NPSB treatment applied at 100 kg/ha and full recommended rates of lime. Results suggest that nutrient depletion can be mitigated in the area through using of lime; hence longer-term productivity of smallholders can be sustained.
Abstract: Declining of soil nutrients is among the factors that lead to low crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to verify and demonstrate the beneficial effect of lime and balanced fertilizer application rate in improving the yield of Maize on acid soils of Omo Nada district. The experiment comprised seven treat...
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Effects of Intra-row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Growth, and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Under Irrigation in Mecha District of Amhara, Ethiopia
Dasash Atalay,
Melkamu Alemayehu,
Dessalegn Ayana
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
17-22
Received:
10 March 2022
Accepted:
16 April 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20220701.13
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Abstract: The productivity of onion is low due to many factors such as poor soil fertility, under or above optimum plant population. Moreover, farmers are complaining that the present recommended 10 cm intra row spacing produces large sized bulbs, which do not preferred by consumers for home consumptions. Therefore, the present study was initiated with the objective of investigating the effects of intra row- spacing and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield of onion. The treatments consisted of four rates of Nitrogen fertilizer rate (0, 41, 82, 123 kg ha-1 N) and three-intra row spacing (4, 7. 10 cm). The experiment was laid down in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement was used three replications. Date on growth, yield and yield components of onion were collected and subjected to ANOVA using SAS (version 9.0) software. The higher significant difference for plant height (60.53cm), leaves number per plant (14.10cm), leaves length (60.90cm), day to maturity (115 days) and bulb weight (96.05 g) were recorded from onion plants supplied with 82 kg ha-1 N and 123 kg ha-1 N both combined with 10 cm of intra row spacing. The highest marketable bulb yield (43.80 t/ha) was recorded from treatment combination of 82 kg ha-1 N and 4 cm of intra row spacing. Onion plants without nitrogen fertilizer application and narrow intra row spacing were inferior in almost all growth and yield components. Based on the results of the present study, the combination of 82 kg ha-1 N and 4 cm of intra row spacing can be recommended for production of onion Since the results are limited to one season and location, it is advised to repeat the experiment in different area and season for forceful recommendation.
Abstract: The productivity of onion is low due to many factors such as poor soil fertility, under or above optimum plant population. Moreover, farmers are complaining that the present recommended 10 cm intra row spacing produces large sized bulbs, which do not preferred by consumers for home consumptions. Therefore, the present study was initiated with the o...
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Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at Kersa Woreda of Oromia Region
Gebreslassie Hailu,
Mohammed Kedir
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
23-29
Received:
4 May 2022
Accepted:
30 May 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20220701.14
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Abstract: Soil fertility is among the most important constraints that threaten sorghum production in Jimma Zone in Oromia Region. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at Kersa woreda for four consecutive cropping seasons from 2013/14 to 2016/17 to evaluate the response of various levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer using sorghum. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four rates each of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N ha−1) and P (0, 11.5, 23 and 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1) laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. For data analysis, correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used. The result showed that the yield and yield components of the sorghum crop were highly significant response to impacts of inorganic N-P fertilizer nutrients. Parameters, such as, plant height, head weight, grain yield, biomass yield and stover yield, were statistically significantly different by nitrogen and phosphorus different fertilizer rates. Also, these parameters were significant and positive correlation to each other. This result revealed that the highest (4.14t/ha) grain yield was obtained from 69kgh-1 N and 23kgha-1 P2O5 inorganic fertilizer, whereas the lowest (1.37t/ha) grain yield was recorded from control treatment. Compared to the control treatment, the highest rate of N/P (69/23 kg ha-1) increased sorghum grain yield by about 202.2%. It is concluded that nitrogen and phosphorus at the rate of 69kgh-1 N and 23kgha-1 P2O5 has the best performance in obtaining maximum grain yield of sorghum crop. Therefore, N-P at the rate of 69kgh-1 N and 23kgha-1 P2O5 is highly recommended for optimum grain yield of sorghum crop in the study area.
Abstract: Soil fertility is among the most important constraints that threaten sorghum production in Jimma Zone in Oromia Region. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at Kersa woreda for four consecutive cropping seasons from 2013/14 to 2016/17 to evaluate the response of various levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer using sorghum. Th...
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