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Human and the State in the Mirror of Philosophical of Law of Western European Civilization
Panishchev Alexey Leonidovich
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
49-53
Received:
27 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.11
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Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the relationship between human nature and the state as a form of its expression. At the same time, the analysis of this topic took place in the historical and philosophical plane, which reflected some aspects of the evolution of philosophical and legal thought. The emphasis was placed on Western European philosophy, because in one article it is impossible to comprehensive analyze the philosophical understanding of the relationship between man and the state in different cultural traditions. The author pays special attention to natural law, emphasizing its direct derivation from human nature. An anthropological crisis can lead to the degeneration of natural law, which will predispose states to disintegration. Separately, it should be emphasized that at the beginning of the XXI century there was a threat to the existence of the state as a form and mode of human existence. States are actually being replaced by financial multinational companies, which in their essence are not designed to comprehensively solve problems of an anthropological nature. To counteract the crisis phenomena, it is necessary that spiritual values be taken into account in state policy, which is a form of state self-care, since it is impossible to preserve national unity without a developed culture.
Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the relationship between human nature and the state as a form of its expression. At the same time, the analysis of this topic took place in the historical and philosophical plane, which reflected some aspects of the evolution of philosophical and legal thought. The emphasis was placed on Western European phil...
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Effects of Climate Variability on Coffee Production and Determinants of Adaptation Mechanisms: The Case of Small-holder Farmers at Dara Woreda, South Ethiopia
Aneteneh Shiferaw,
Demelash Kefale
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
54-64
Received:
1 September 2021
Accepted:
11 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.12
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Abstract: This study was carried out with the objective of examining the extent of climate variability and its effect on coffee production and identifying determinants for farmers’ decisions to undertake adaptation measures in Dara woreda. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select peasant association. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussion, key informant’s interviews and quantitative data were also collected from 145 sample households. Logit model was used to identify the determinants for farmer’s decisions on adaptation measures, while linear regression and Pearson’s correlation were used to identify relationships and effects of climatic variables on coffee production. The results of this study reviled that, 93% of the respondents perceives the existence of reduction in rainfall, while 85% believes an increase in temperature over the last 20 years. The analysis of linear trend also show not only inter-annual and seasonal variability, but also a decreasing trend of rainfall in the area. The meteorological data also confirmed the increase in both maximum and minimum temperatures. Similarly, the annual yield of coffee productivity showed a decreasing tendency in the area for the period 1995-2014. Besides, the results of linear regression showed that, the amount of rainfall received and increased temperature significantly affected coffee production. Similarly Pearson’s correlations indicated negative relationship between temperature and coffee yield, and strong correlation between rainfall and coffee yield. On the other hand, results of the logit regression model illustrated that; education level, farm size, access to credit service and family size being the major determinants for the farmers’ decisions on adaptation measures in the area. Thus it would be vital to acknowledge the impacts of climate variability on coffee production in Dara woreda and considere the determinant factors to implement appropriate adaptation measures in order to address the impacts of climate change and variability in the area.
Abstract: This study was carried out with the objective of examining the extent of climate variability and its effect on coffee production and identifying determinants for farmers’ decisions to undertake adaptation measures in Dara woreda. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select peasant association. Qualitative data were gathered through focus...
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Formation of Platform Economy of Necessary Needs Based on Energy Economic Equivalent
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
65-71
Received:
29 August 2021
Accepted:
11 September 2021
Published:
19 November 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.13
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Abstract: Recently, many non-state money systems have appeared based on digital cryptocurrencies. The disadvantages of digital cryptocurrencies are the separation from real production, the inequality of participants, the lack of control by state bodies, and the security problem. Digital money becomes full-fledged only when it is connected with the real economy and financially secured. The author proposes the introduction of a material digital energy economic equivalent. Based on the digital energy of the economic equivalent, it is proposed to form a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs, like the economy of the future. Platform economy is an economic activity based on platforms, which are understood as online systems that provide comprehensive standard solutions for interaction between users, including commercial transactions and innovative solutions. It is proposed to measure the efficiency of the future economy by economic energy intensity. Energy intensity is represented by a certain amount of energy of economic equivalent, in accordance with the law of energy conservation. Reliance on a materially supported digital energy economic equivalent, as a new currency, makes a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs synergistic, efficient, sustainable, safe, ecological, open, controlled by society, without speculative operations, health supportive, accurately measured through digital energy intensity. Material digital energy intensity will avoid the speculative shortcomings of existing digital money systems. To this end, governments establish a procedure for regulating the energy economy with an economic equivalent, as an impact on public relations in order to streamline and stabilize them, in order to realize the necessary needs of society in accordance with the available resources. In an era of energy deficit, a transition to an economy with energy of economic equivalent will lead to the optimal use of energy. Market competition will help create less energy-intensive technologies and energy-efficient offerings to meet demand. An environmental economy based on energy of economic equivalent can acquire international status.
Abstract: Recently, many non-state money systems have appeared based on digital cryptocurrencies. The disadvantages of digital cryptocurrencies are the separation from real production, the inequality of participants, the lack of control by state bodies, and the security problem. Digital money becomes full-fledged only when it is connected with the real econo...
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Challenges Peasant Production Faced with Environmental Preservation Policy: A Case Study of the Lencois Maranhenses National Park - Brazil
Francisco De Oliveira Viana,
Ademir Terra
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
72-78
Received:
23 August 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
19 November 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.14
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Abstract: The challenges of peasant production in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (PNLM) had their genesis with the effective creation of the park and later its classification as an integral protection unit, which does not allow the use of natural resources. In turn, the managing body imposes several restrictions on traditional communities that reside in the domains of this region, even though they were inhabited there even before its creation. Such restrictions impose limitations to the maintenance of the way of life of these communities, such as subsistence agriculture, as in the case of the Tucuns community, which is a spatial cut-out of the present work. This research aimed to analyze the challenges of peasant production facing the restrictions of the environmental preservation policy, where we are mainly based on the method of historical materialism and on the analysis of participant observation, which supported the analyzes proposed in this paper. During field activities, technical and exploratory visits were carried out to the Tucuns community and to the office of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, where dialectically we sought to gather information from both sides. In the end, it was identified that the peasant production in the region has been facing several challenges, facing the environmental preservation policy, which in most cases, does not recognize the right of these traditional populations in relation to territoriality. The research focused on giving time and voice to the peasants, socio-spatial peoples (the peasants), who live with upheavals due to the constant imminence of deterritorialization.
Abstract: The challenges of peasant production in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (PNLM) had their genesis with the effective creation of the park and later its classification as an integral protection unit, which does not allow the use of natural resources. In turn, the managing body imposes several restrictions on traditional communities that reside ...
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Factors Affecting Womens’ Nutrition in an Urban Area of Bangladesh
Tahmina Begum,
Md. Abdul Karim,
Moahmmad Omar Faruk
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
79-88
Received:
7 August 2021
Accepted:
11 November 2021
Published:
24 November 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.15
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Abstract: The main purpose of this research study is to determine the important socio-economic, demographic, and cultural factors that significantly influence the nutritional status of adult women aged 40-55 years in an urban area of Bangladesh. The study used primary data collected from 234 women residing in the Chattogram metropolitan area to carry out this research work. In the analytical stage, in addition to the descriptive measures, the study employed the Chi-square test of independence to examine the significant association between nutritional status and available background characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the significant predictors of nutritional status. The findings of this study show that the maximum of the respondents belongs to the overweight stratum (n=178, 76.1%), followed by normal weight (n=38, 16.2%). The overall mean BMI of the selected respondents was found 26.46±3.66 kg/m2 with marked variations by their background characteristics. The coefficient of variation (13.83%) illustrates that there exists extreme heterogeneity in the BMI of the respondents. The coefficient of skewness and access of kurtosis reflect the distribution of BMI is negatively skewed and leptokurtic. The highest mean BMI was found in the age group 40-45 years (27.78±3.34 kg/m2), and the lowest (23.87±3.39kg/m2) was in the non-Muslim respondents. Bivariate and multivariate analyses reveal that religion, respondents’ education, and husbands' education significantly influence the nutritional status of adult women. The findings also show that Muslim women are relatively well-nourished compared to their non-Muslim counterparts. Nonetheless, both highly educated women and women whose husbands are also highly educated are well-nourished than those who are below secondary education level. The findings of this study will be helpful for the policymakers and concerned health workers to implement appropriate policies to raise the educational qualifications for ensuring the balanced nutritional status of adult urban women in Bangladesh.
Abstract: The main purpose of this research study is to determine the important socio-economic, demographic, and cultural factors that significantly influence the nutritional status of adult women aged 40-55 years in an urban area of Bangladesh. The study used primary data collected from 234 women residing in the Chattogram metropolitan area to carry out thi...
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Hossam Osteonic Circulation (HOC) Deciphers the Root Causes of osteoporosis & Reveals the Hidden Secrets of the Physiological Lines of Its Treatment: US Patent Review
Hossam Mohamed,
Houda Almansour
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
89-99
Received:
31 October 2021
Accepted:
26 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.16
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Abstract: Osteoporosis is a catastrophic disease that affects the elderly population. There is continuous bone remodeling throughout the patient life. The bone has different biomechanical principles that may change in the elderly and may be the cause of osteoporosis. The bone is the only tissue that has no capillaries or lymphatic system. The arterial system of the Haverian canal (H.C.) has more than normal wide fenestrations. On the other hand, The vein of the Haversian canal (H.C) has very narrow pores with tight junctions that allow raising the pressure inside the H.C. Therefore, the arterial filtrate would be directed peripherally to the rest of the osteon via the lacunar canalicular pathway towards the cement line which is very dense collagen fiber and bone matrix. The bone cells are arranged in circles around and outside the Haversian Canal. This raises a question mark how the osteocytes can get their oxygen and nutrition in absence of a capillary system. The only acceptable theory is the presence of a novel circulation in each osteon and it is responsible for the nutrition and integrity of the bone cells. Disturbance of this circulation causes the bone cells to become sick or even to die with subsequent reduction of the bone mass and osteoporosis gradually issues. This paper discusses the mechanics of osteonic circulation by paying attention to all the key factors that may have a role in its performance. It is strongly believed that restoring this circulation is the fundamental element for the healing of osteoporosis.
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a catastrophic disease that affects the elderly population. There is continuous bone remodeling throughout the patient life. The bone has different biomechanical principles that may change in the elderly and may be the cause of osteoporosis. The bone is the only tissue that has no capillaries or lymphatic system. The arterial system...
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Visceral Fat-Glycation Interaction Deciphers the Hidden Roots of the Refractory Type of Osteoporosis: US Patent Review
Hossam Mohamed,
Houda Almansour,
Dalal Alsaadoun,
Mariam Almansour
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
100-111
Received:
14 November 2021
Accepted:
3 December 2021
Published:
9 December 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.17
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Abstract: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the bone in the elderly causing its liability to fracture on a mild trauma. The metabolic type of osteoporosis is the commonest. Its relation with hyperinsulinemia and/or diabetes Mellitus II (DM II) is poorly understood. The most hazardous effect of either hyperinsulinemia or DM II is the glycation process. The US patent (US9801905) discovered a very important link between the glycation process and the down-regulation of the insulin receptors on the osteocytes. Moreover, it was very clear that hyperinsulinemia even without diabetic manifestations sometimes has a more dangerous effect than DM II. The possible explanation is that hyperinsulinemia may raise glucose concentration inside the tissues despite its blood level might be still within its normal range. This would come at the expense of high insulin levels that maintain blood sugar within its normal ranges. On the other hand, DM II has high blood sugar but the sugar inside the tissue may be much less in most cases. Therefore, the glycation process is more likely to occur with silent hyperinsulinemia than in DM II. Furthermore, the incidence of hyperinsulinemia is much more common than DM II. Roughly, hyperinsulinemia is at least 3 times more common than DM II. Lastly, the glycation process causes down-regulation of the insulin receptors on the cell membrane of the osteocytes leading to starvation of these cells. Subsequently, the new bone formation would be greatly reduced predisposing for osteoporosis. By this paper, the very fine link between hyperinsulinemia and osteoporosis could be updated. The new lines of treatment could also be updated according to the patented data (US9801905).
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the bone in the elderly causing its liability to fracture on a mild trauma. The metabolic type of osteoporosis is the commonest. Its relation with hyperinsulinemia and/or diabetes Mellitus II (DM II) is poorly understood. The most hazardous effect of either hyperinsulinemia or DM II is the glycation process. The...
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Hossam Zero Holes (HZH) Unravel Osteoporosis Roots and the coincidental Soft Tissue Calcification in the Elderly: Granted US Patent Review
Hossam Mohamed,
Houda Almansour,
Dalal Alsaadoun,
Mariam Almansour,
Sulaiman Alnassera
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
112-120
Received:
10 December 2021
Accepted:
21 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20210104.18
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Abstract: The mineralization of the bone is the most important step in its strengthening & preventing its fracture. Calcium is by far the most important and most predominant mineral inside the bone. There is a wrong concept that blood calcium always has access to the bone. This is the basis of calcium supplementation in the elderly or patients with low bone mineral density (BMD). There is an increasing evidence that low BMD is almost always associated with soft tissue calcification. This is why the precipitating factors predisposing to low BMD may have a role in soft tissue calcification. For the calcium to be fixed in the bone, it needs collaboration from all its components namely, the functional collagen, the apatite chips, and the bone cells. The most fundamental point is the zero holes and the zero channels of the collagen bundles. Other factors that could modulate bone mineralization are outside the bone. These extra-osseous parameters act as adjuvants or co-factors that can modify the process of bone mineralization. By the same token, these co-factors may lead to soft tissue calcification. These adjuvant co-factors include hormonal status, visceral fat, hyperinsulinemia, and some minerals in the serum other than calcium itself. If these co-factors are not in an optimal condition for the bone, they would induce low BMD. Therefore, calcium supplementation is not always the right choice in cases of low BMD. This is because it may exaggerate the consequential soft tissue calcification. The US patent (US9801905) suggests that calcium can be supplemented in low BMD only if the bone is prepared to accept the calcium. The molecular mechanics of the zero holes and the orientation of the apatite chips help in the better understanding of the mechanism of bone mineralization & the associated soft tissue calcification
Abstract: The mineralization of the bone is the most important step in its strengthening & preventing its fracture. Calcium is by far the most important and most predominant mineral inside the bone. There is a wrong concept that blood calcium always has access to the bone. This is the basis of calcium supplementation in the elderly or patients with low bone ...
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