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Genetic Divergence and Principal Component Analysis of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Genotypes in Northwestern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
76-82
Received:
6 August 2023
Accepted:
20 September 2023
Published:
14 October 2023
Abstract: The quantity of Soybean produced and yield per given area in Ethiopia is small compared to the world average capability because of less varied soybean genotypes. The reason at the back of is due to a lack of various soybean genotype available and the genetic potential reduction of released varieties which have been in utilizing. Subsequently, genotypes that have not been characterized clustered and tested for their variability subjected for this observe. Approximately eighty-one (81) genotypes had been examined in a 9*9 easy lattice layout for his or her variability and relation of amongst trends using yield and yield related trends, qualitative, and first-class tendencies at Pawe Agricultural studies middle predominant station and Dibate substation in 2018-2019 cropping season. The analysis of variance discovered that all developments besides wide variety of nodules in line with plant, range of pods plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1 confirmed exceedingly substantial (p<0.01) differences at each tested places. Sixty three and sixty five percent of variations, from the entire, were revealed from the first 4 PCAs for Pawe and Dibate, respectively. Cluster evaluation confirmed about four specific clusters and the most inter cluster distance became determined among cluster I and cluster IV (D2=875.31) at Pawe and among cluster II and cluster IV (D2=1227.68) at Dibate. However, one season test might now not realize genotypes’ variability in response of environment; due to the fact quantitative traits are polygenic and profoundly affected by the environment. As a consequence, an addition experiment on those genotypes in changed seasons is needed for more real estimation of polygenic traits.
Abstract: The quantity of Soybean produced and yield per given area in Ethiopia is small compared to the world average capability because of less varied soybean genotypes. The reason at the back of is due to a lack of various soybean genotype available and the genetic potential reduction of released varieties which have been in utilizing. Subsequently, genot...
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Role of Underutilized Crops in Improving Food Security and Livelihoods of the Households: A Case Study in GutoGida District, Ethiopia
Dhaba Mengesha Adula,
Messay Mulugeta Tefera,
Bogale Ayana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
83-97
Received:
7 September 2023
Accepted:
25 September 2023
Published:
14 October 2023
Abstract: This study was examined how agricultural diversification using underutilized crops could increase household food security and livelihoods in Ethiopia's GutoGida district. Staple crops are what are raised. Regardless of their nutritional content, productivity and production sustainability, the majority of farmers plant reliable food crops. Farmers still experience food insecurity since the crops are not productive enough to lower household food insecurity. Additionally, despite of the fact that underutilized crops improve nutritional quality and boost household purchasing power, their nutritional role, productivity, and stress tolerance were not universally recognized and promoted in this region. On a sample of 120 smallholder farmers, multistage sampling approaches were used. Households are divided into non-producers and producers. The Food consumption score and coping strategy index were used to gauge the level of household food security. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple leaner regression models, and ordinary least squares. In comparison to non-producers of underutilized crops at alpha 5%, the diversified producers of underutilized crops had significantly higher levels of crop production (22.48%), consumption (11.73%), total annual sale (19.32%), and total income generation (26.67%). Based on this finding, we draw the conclusion that a crop diversification using neglected crop is a practical strategy that can greatly improve household food security and economic well-being. The survey's overall findings show that the Ethiopian government current agricultural policy should pay enough attention to diversify and promoting underutilized crops, and that this has to change in light of the country's ongoing threat from hunger and food insecurity.
Abstract: This study was examined how agricultural diversification using underutilized crops could increase household food security and livelihoods in Ethiopia's GutoGida district. Staple crops are what are raised. Regardless of their nutritional content, productivity and production sustainability, the majority of farmers plant reliable food crops. Farmers s...
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Research Article
Response of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Acidic Red Soil Under Limed Condition in Bore, Southern Ethiopia
Deresa Shumi,
Tekalign Afeta,
Rehoboth Nuguse
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
98-105
Received:
11 September 2023
Accepted:
13 October 2023
Published:
28 October 2023
Abstract: The main factors limiting yield for faba bean production in the research area include low soil fertility, which is constituted of low accessible P, total N, and S. Five doses of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were used in a field experiment in Bore at the station of the Bore Agricultural Research Centre. The experiment used a randomized full block design with three replications. The study's objectives were to determine economically viable blended NPS rates that boost faba bean productivity as well as to evaluate the impact of blended NPS rates on the yield and yield characteristics of several faba bean varieties. On all investigated parameters, with the exception of days to flowering and harvest index, the results demonstrated a substantial impact of different quantities of blended fertilizer. The maximum value was achieved with 200 kg/ha NPS, with plant height (167.5 cm), days to physiological maturity (197.0), and total biomass (10666 kg ha-1). The greatest value, 150 kg/ha, was achieved by the number of pods per plant (19.62), seeds per pod (3.13), grain production (4278 kg ha-1), and agronomic efficiency (1466%). The best net benefit (105955.8 Birr ha-1) and highest marginal rate of return (993.22%) were both achieved with the application of 150 kg NPS. Therefore, based on soil result and economic analysis production faba bean with the application of 150 kg NPS ha-1 was most productive for economical production and can be recommended for highlands of Guji Zone.
Abstract: The main factors limiting yield for faba bean production in the research area include low soil fertility, which is constituted of low accessible P, total N, and S. Five doses of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were used in a field experiment in Bore at the station of the Bore Agricultural Research Centre. The experiment used a randomized full ...
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Research Article
Chilling Hours and Growing Degree Days of Himalayan Wild Pomegranate
Divya Mehta,
Tara Gupta,
Rakesh Kumar Gupta,
Sanjeev Thakur,
Jai Pal Sharma,
Parminder Kaur Baweja,
Parul Sharma
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
106-113
Received:
28 June 2023
Accepted:
16 August 2023
Published:
28 October 2023
Abstract: The purpose of the present experiment was to determine chilling hours and growing degree hours of Punica granatum L. in four sites viz., Narag, Jonaji, Waknaghat and Nauni, in Himachal Pradesh, India. More variation exists between sites as compared to the within sites for most of the duration of phenophases. Chilling hour and GDH for vegetative bud were lower as compared to reproductive bud. Chilling hours and growing degree hours for vegetative bud ranged from 779.0 (Nauni) to 921.9 hours (Jonaji) and 914.5 (Jonaji) to 1067.9°C (Narag), respectively. However, for reproductive bud, chilling hours and growing degree hours fluctuated from 836.0 (Narag) to 1155.1 hours (Jonaji) and 1220.0 (Jonaji) to 2164.3°C (Narag), respectively. Narag with warmer microclimate had lower chilling requirement and higher value for growing degree hours than the Jonaji with cooler microclimate, suggesting adaption of the genotypes to the given climatic conditions. GDH was significantly correlated with the leaf area (0.64) and fruit weight (0.69) of the wild pomegranate. The findings of this study have important implications for optimizing the cultivation and management of Punica granatum L. in varying climatic conditions. Understanding the differential chilling and growing degree hour requirements between vegetative and reproductive buds, as well as the influence of microclimate on these parameters, can guide the selection of suitable genotypes for specific locations.
Abstract: The purpose of the present experiment was to determine chilling hours and growing degree hours of Punica granatum L. in four sites viz., Narag, Jonaji, Waknaghat and Nauni, in Himachal Pradesh, India. More variation exists between sites as compared to the within sites for most of the duration of phenophases. Chilling hour and GDH for vegetative bud...
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Research Article
Assessment of Cropping Patterns, Agricultural Practices and Soil Fertility Management in Birendranagar Municipality
Dhirendra Man Thapa,
Keshav Bahadur Karki,
Keshar Bahadur Shahi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
114-121
Received:
25 June 2023
Accepted:
27 July 2023
Published:
31 October 2023
Abstract: The study aimed to assess the cropping patterns, agricultural practices, and soil fertility management in Birendranagar municipality, Nepal in 2021. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, including structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a sample size of 135 participants selected through purposive sampling. The findings revealed variations in landholding status among different wards, with Ward 3 having the highest average upland area and Ward 4 having the highest average lowland area. Diverse cropping patterns were identified, including sequences such as Maize-Legume-Vegetable and Paddy-Wheat-Maize. Farmers in Birendranagar utilized both organic and inorganic fertilizers, with a preference for organic fertilizers observed in Ward 4. Farm Yard Manure was the primary source of organic manure, followed by poultry and goat/sheep manure. The study highlights the need for sustainable land and resource management to ensure long-term food security in the municipality. It provides valuable insights into current agricultural practices, which can guide the development of strategies to improve soil fertility, enhance agricultural productivity, and promote sustainable farming practices. The study also emphasizes the importance of diversifying cropping systems, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and adopting sustainable land and water management practices. By understanding the prevailing cropping patterns and agricultural practices, the municipality can work towards a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system that supports food security and the well-being of the community.
Abstract: The study aimed to assess the cropping patterns, agricultural practices, and soil fertility management in Birendranagar municipality, Nepal in 2021. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, including structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a sample size of 135 participants ...
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Research Article
Mean Performance Evaluation and Cluster Analysis in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L) Genotypes Tested at Central Highland of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
122-127
Received:
18 October 2023
Accepted:
1 November 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: Developing sunflower cultivars with better performance is the aim of the current breeding program. This study was conducted to evaluate sunflower genotypes along with their standard check for their mean performance and genetic diversity following different biometrician techniques. Twenty five sunflower genotypes were evaluated for their performance and variability for yield and yield related traits. It was conducted at two locations namely; Holeta and Adadi using simple lattice design. All recommended packages were followed as per national recommendation. Data were recorded for eleven quantitative traits and subjected to analysis of variance and divergence analysis using a combination of software. The mean performance evaluation indicates that genotype NK-KONDI-SPS-7/-had the highest yield mean and genotype Brazil Long seed PL2-SPS-3/4 recorded the lowest yield mean. Based on relative magnitude of D2 values the genotypes were grouped in five clusters. cluster I comprised of five genotypes while cluster II, clusterIII, clusterIV and cluster V comprised of seven, five, four and four genotypes respectively. The index of genetic diversity shown by the statistical distance indicates cluster- had the highest intra cluster distance and cluster- had the lowest intra cluster distance. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster three and cluster four whereas the lowest inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster one and cluster four.
Abstract: Developing sunflower cultivars with better performance is the aim of the current breeding program. This study was conducted to evaluate sunflower genotypes along with their standard check for their mean performance and genetic diversity following different biometrician techniques. Twenty five sunflower genotypes were evaluated for their performance...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Small Pod Hot Pepper Varieties (Capsicum frutescens L.) at Kellem Wellega and West Wellega Zones
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
128-133
Received:
12 October 2023
Accepted:
28 October 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: Small pod hot Pepper (chili pepper) is a seasonal plant of the family Solanaceae. It is grown as an annual crop and produced for its fruits (pods). It is one of the most important vegetable crops for fresh consumption (as chilies), for processing and as a spice (for making stew) and it the main source of income. A field experiment was conducted at Haro Sabu on station and Meti (Sayo woreda) sub sites of Kellem Wollega zone, Western Ethiopia, during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020main cropping season. A total of five small pod hot pepper varieties collected from Melkasa and Bako Agricultural Research centersand one local check variety were used as testing materials. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) for total yield and other agronomic traits of six small pod hot pepper varieties grown at two locations revealed significant difference on days to flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of fruit (pods) per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length and fruit weight total pod dry weight. Likewise there was highly significant difference of variety on pod anthracnose and cercospora leaf spot (frog eye). In this experimentation, Melka Oli and Melka Dera Dinsire varieties were found superior in terms of total dry pod yield and other important yield related parameters. Melka Oli and Melka Dera varieties are also tolerant to major hot pepper diseases. Thus these varieties were recommended for demonstration and wider production in the studied areas and similar agro-ecologies in the Western Oromia in particular and hot pepper producing regions of Ethiopia in general under main natural rain fed condition.
Abstract: Small pod hot Pepper (chili pepper) is a seasonal plant of the family Solanaceae. It is grown as an annual crop and produced for its fruits (pods). It is one of the most important vegetable crops for fresh consumption (as chilies), for processing and as a spice (for making stew) and it the main source of income. A field experiment was conducted at ...
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Research Article
Contribution of Improved Wheat Technology Adoption to Farm Household Income in Ethiopia: Review
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
134-138
Received:
31 August 2023
Accepted:
18 September 2023
Published:
24 November 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjast.20230104.19
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Abstract: Many African Countries including Ethiopia are producing wheat for both consumption and sale. Wheat is a strategic commodity which generates farm income and improves food security. The aim of this systematic review was to generate comprehensive information about the extent of improved wheat technology adoption contribution to farm household income in Ethiopia. Data searching was done using Google scholar and Science Direct web search engines. Studies conducted starting from 2012 to date were included to address the objective of review. studies related to impact of agricultural technology adoption in Ethiopia were critically identified for this review. Studies conducted before 2012, duplicated articles, abstract only, book chapters that have no full information were excluded. Despite many studies have been conducted on improved wheat technology adoption and its impact, no summarized information on this particular topic. Improved wheat technology adoption has a positive and significant effect on wheat productivity and farm household income, thereby increasing their likelihood of decreasing poverty levels. Improved wheat technology adoption contributes significantly from 9% to 55% increase to farm household income in Ethiopia. Households adopting improved wheat technologies are more likely to have higher income compared to non-adopters. This suggests that promotion of improved wheat technology can enhance farm household income in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Many African Countries including Ethiopia are producing wheat for both consumption and sale. Wheat is a strategic commodity which generates farm income and improves food security. The aim of this systematic review was to generate comprehensive information about the extent of improved wheat technology adoption contribution to farm household income i...
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