Previous studies have suggested that a significant loop in the carbon cycle may be hidden in the global desert areas (both low latitude and middle latitude). Due to the complexity of salt formation involved in atmosphere-landscape relation, there are few study involved into the pool of secondary carbonates in world desert soils, particularly in arid areas in northern China. Large sandy deserts in the middle latitudes of northwestern China were investigated in this study. The physical and geochemical examinations are carried out into soluble carbon salts in modern and ancient dune sediments from the inland deserts in northwestern China, with the aim to explore the composition of carbon salts in aeolian sediments and their possible environmental implications for global carbon cycle. The results show that the aeolian salt has high alkalinities, which are mainly determined by evaporitic alkaline earth carbonates. The carbonates are secondary salt in origin and are possibly introduced from the atmosphere into the pedosphere by a carbon-fixation process. Owing to the high capability to neutralize atmospheric carbonic acid, large desert area, and the strong potential of carbonate preservation in soil under arid climate, the middle-latitude Chinese deserts can be potentially qualified as a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle. But the low-latitude deserts in tropic areas may be not able to provide such a contribution.
| Published in | American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics (Volume 3, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12 |
| Page(s) | 26-35 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Global Carbon Cycle, Evaporitic Carbon Salt, Aeolian Sediment, Carbon-Fixation Process, Middle-Latitude Desert, Northwestern China
| [1] | Eswaran, H., Reich, P. F., Kimble, J. M., Beinroth, F. H., Padmanabhan, E., Moncharoen, P. (2000). Global carbon stocks. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Eswaran, H., Stewart, B. A. (eds) Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 15-25. |
| [2] | Lal, R., Kimble, J. M. (2000). Pedogenic carbonates and the global carbon cycle. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Eswaran, H., Stewart, B. A. (eds) Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 1-14. |
| [3] | Kraimer, R. A., Monger, H. C., Steiner, R. L. (2005). Mineralogical distinctions of carbonates in desert soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 1773-1781. |
| [4] | Warren, J. K. (2006). Evaporites: sediments, resources and hydrocarbons. Springer, Berlin. |
| [5] | Batjes, N. H., Sombroek, W. G. (1997). Possibilities for carbon sequestration in tropical and subtropical soils. Global Change Biology, 3, 161-173. |
| [6] | Adams, J. M., Post, W. M. (1999). A preliminary estimate of changing calcrete carbon storage on land since the last glacial maximum. Global and Planetary Change, 20, 243-256. |
| [7] | Pal, D. K., Dasog, G. S., Vadivelu, S., Ahuja, R. L., Bhattacharyya, T. (2000). Secondary calcium carbonate in soils of arid and semiarid regions of India. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Eswaran, H., Stewart, B. A. (Eds) Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonate. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 149-185. |
| [8] | Emmerich, W. E. (2003). Carbon dioxide fluxes in a semiarid environment with high carbonate soils. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 116, 91-102. |
| [9] | Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304, 1623-1627. |
| [10] | Canadell, J. G., Quere, C. L., Raupach, M. R., Field, C. B., Buitenhuis, E. T., Ciais, P., Conway, T. J., Gillett, N. P., Houghton, R. A., Marland, G. (2007). Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 18866-18870. |
| [11] | Duan, Z., Xiao, H., Dong, Z., He, X., Wang, G. (2001). Estimate of total CO2 output from desertified sandy land in China. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 5915-5921. |
| [12] | Feng, Q., Cheng, G., Masao., M. (2002a). The carbon cycle of sandy lands in China and its global significance. Climatic Change, 48, 535-549. |
| [13] | Feng, Q., Endo, K. N., Cheng, G. D. (2002b). Soil carbon in desertified land in relation to site characteristics. Geoderma, 106, 21-43. |
| [14] | Yang, X., Zhu, B., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Wang, X., Yin, J., Lu, Y. (2008). Late Quaternary environmental changes and organic carbon density in the Hunshandake Sandy Land, eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Global and Planetary Change, 61, 70-78. |
| [15] | Wu, H., Guo, Z., Gao, Q., Peng, C. (2009). Distribution of soil inorganic carbon storage and its changes due to agricultural land use activity in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 129, 413-421. |
| [16] | Zhu, B., Yang, X. (2010). The origin and distribution of soluble salts in the sand seas of northern China. Geomorphology, 123, 232-242. |
| [17] | Zhu, B., Yang, X., Liu, Z., Rioual, P., Li, C., Xiong, H. (2012). Geochemical compositions of soluble salts in aeolian sands from the Taklamakan and Badanjilin deserts in northern China, and their influencing factors and environmental implications. Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 337-353. |
| [18] | Schimel, D., House, J., Hibbard, K. (2001). Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 414, 169-172. |
| [19] | Steven, C. W. (2001). Climate change enhanced: where has all the carbon gone. Science, 292, 2261-2263. |
| [20] | Houghton, R. A. (2007). Balancing the global carbon budget. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, 313–347. |
| [21] | Ballantye, A. P., Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Tan, P. P., White, J. W. (2012). Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years. Nature, 488, 70–72. |
| [22] | Evans, R. D., et al. (2014) Great ecosystem carbon in the Mojave Desert after ten years exposure to elevated CO2. Nature Climate Change, 4, 394–397. |
| [23] | Li, Y., Wang, Y. G., Houghton, R. A., Tang, L. S. (2015). Hidden carbon sink beneath desert. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 5880-5887. |
| [24] | Jasoni, R. L., Smith, S. D., Arnone, J. A. (2005). Net ecosystem CO2 exchange in Mojave Desert shrublands during the eighth year of exposure to elevated CO2. Global Change Biology, 11, 749–756. |
| [25] | Stone, R. (2008). Have Desert researchers discovered a hidden loop in the Carbon Cycle. Science, 320, 1409-1410. |
| [26] | Wohlfahrt, G., Fenstermaler, L., Arnone, J. A. (2008). Large annual net ecosystem CO2 uptake of a Mojave Desert ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 14 (7), 1475-1487 |
| [27] | Xie, J., Li, Y., Zhai, C., Li, C., Lan, Z. (2009). CO2 absorption by alkaline soils and its implication to the global carbon cycle. Environmental Geology, 56, 953-961. |
| [28] | Ma, J., Liu, R., Tang, L. S., Lan, Z. D., Li, Y. (2014). A downward CO2 flux seems to have nowhere to go. Biogeosciences, 11, 6251–6262. |
| [29] | Yang, Y., Fang, J., Ji, C., Ma, W., Su, S., Tang, Z. (2010) Soil inorganic carbon stock in the Tibetan alpine grasslands. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24, GB4022, doi:10.1029/2010GB003804. |
| [30] | Shi, Y., Baumann, F., Ma, Y., Song, C., Kuhn, P., Scholten, T., He, J. S. (2012). Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications. Biogeosciences, 9, 2287-2299. |
| [31] | Liu W, Wei J, Cheng J, Li W (2014) Profile distribution of soil inorganic carbon along a chronosequence of grassland restoration on a 22-year scale in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena, 121: 321-329. |
| [32] | Tan, W., Zhang, R., Huang, C., Yang, Q., Wang, M., Koopal, L. K. (2014). Soil inorganic carbon stock under different soil types and land uses on the Loess Plateau region of China. Catena, 121, 22-30. |
| [33] | Yang, Z. C., Zhao, N., Huang, F., Lv, Y. Z. (2015). Long-term effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop yields on the North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research, 146, 47-52. |
| [34] | Zhao, W., Zhang, R., Huang, C., Wang, B., Cao, H., Koopal, L. K., Tan, W. (2016) Effect of different vegetation cover on the vertical distribution of soil organic and inorganic carbon in the Zhifanggou Watershed on the loess plateau. Catena, 139, 191-198. |
| [35] | Li, C., Zhao, L., Ge, S., Chen, D., Dong, Q., Zhao, X. (2016). Land-use effects on organic and inorganic carbon patterns in the topsoil around Qinghai Lake basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Catena, 147, 345-355. |
| [36] | Wetzel, R. G., Likens, G. E. (2000). Limnological analyses, 3rd edn. Springer, New York. |
| [37] | Choquette, P. W., Pray, L. C. (1970). Geological nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates. Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 54, 207-250. |
| [38] | Riding, R., Braga, J. C., Martin, J. M., Sanchezalmazo, I. M. (1998). Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis – constraints from a coeval marginal basin, Sorbas, southeastern Spain. Marine Geology, 146, 1-20. |
| [39] | Valero-Garces, B. L., Arenas, C., Delgado-Huertas, A. (2001). Depositional environments of Quaternary lacustrine travertines and stromatolites from high-altitude Andean lakes, northwestern Argentina. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, 1263-1283. |
| [40] | Valero-Garces, B. L., Delgado-Huertas, A., Ratto, N., Navas, A. (1999). Large C-13 enrichment in primary carbonates from Andean Altiplano lakes, northwestern Argentina. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171, 253-266. |
| [41] | Pedley, M., Martin, J. A. G., Delgado, S. O., Del, Cura, D. (2003). Sedimentology of Quaternary perched springline and paludal tufas: criteria for recognition, with examples from Guadalajara Province, Spain. Sedimentology, 50, 23-44. |
| [42] | Wen, Q. Z. (1989). Chinese loess geochemistry. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese). |
| [43] | Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., Arimoto, R., Cao, J. J., Shen, Z. X. (2005). Characteristics of carbonate content and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of northern China soil and dust aerosol and its application to tracing dust sources. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 2631-2642. |
| [44] | Schouten, S., Hartgers, W. A., Lopez, J. F., Grimalt, J. O., Damste, J. S. S. (2001). A molecular isotopic study of C-13-enriched organic matter in evaporitic deposits: recognition of CO2-limited ecosystems. Organic Geochemistry, 32, 277-286. |
| [45] | Smoot, J. P., Lowenstein, T. K. (1991). Depositional environments of non-marine evaporites. In: Melvin, J. L. (ed) Evaporites, Petroleum and Mineral Resources. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 189-347. |
| [46] | Dentener, F. J., Carmichael, G. R., Zhang, Y. (1996). The role of mineral aerosols as a reactive surface in the global troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 22869-22889. |
| [47] | Jenny, H. (1980). The soil resource. Springer, New York. |
| [48] | Marion, G. M., Schlesinger, W. H., Fonteyn, P. J. (1990). Spatial variability of CaCO3 solubility in a Chihuahuan Desert soil. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 4, 181-191. |
| [49] | Birkeland, P. W. (1999). Soils and Geomorphology. Oxford University Press, New York. |
| [50] | Scharpenseel, H. W., Mtimet, A., Freytag, J. (2000). Soil inorganic carbon and global change. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Eswaran, H., Stewart, B. A. (eds) Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 27-42. |
| [51] | Monger, H. C., Martinez-Rios, J. J. (2000). Inorganic carbon sequestration in grazing lands. In: Follet, R. F. (ed) The Potential of U.S. Grazing Lands to Sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 87-118. |
| [52] | Monger, H. C., Gallegos, R. A. (2000). Biotic and abiotic processes and rates of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the southwestern United States – relationship to atmospheric CO2 sequestration. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Eswaran, H., Stewart, B. A. (eds) Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 273-289. |
| [53] | Zhu, Z., Wu, Z., Liu, S., Di, X. (1980). An outline of Chinese sandy deserts. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese). |
| [54] | Wang, T. (2003). Desert and Desertification in China. Hebei Science and Technology Press, Shijiazhuang (in Chinese). |
| [55] | Wang, L., D’Odorico, P., Okin, G., Macko, S. (2009). Isotope composition and anion chemistry of soil profiles along the Kalahari Transect. Journal of Arid Environments, 73, 480-486. |
| [56] | Petrov, M. P. (1976). Deserts of the world. John Wiley & Sons, New York. |
APA Style
Bing-Qi Zhu. (2017). Aeolian Carbon Salts in the Taklamakan and Badanjilin Deserts in Northwestern China and Their Potential Role in Global Carbon Cycle. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, 3(2), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12
ACS Style
Bing-Qi Zhu. Aeolian Carbon Salts in the Taklamakan and Badanjilin Deserts in Northwestern China and Their Potential Role in Global Carbon Cycle. Am. J. Biol. Environ. Stat. 2017, 3(2), 26-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12
AMA Style
Bing-Qi Zhu. Aeolian Carbon Salts in the Taklamakan and Badanjilin Deserts in Northwestern China and Their Potential Role in Global Carbon Cycle. Am J Biol Environ Stat. 2017;3(2):26-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12,
author = {Bing-Qi Zhu},
title = {Aeolian Carbon Salts in the Taklamakan and Badanjilin Deserts in Northwestern China and Their Potential Role in Global Carbon Cycle},
journal = {American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {26-35},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbes.20170302.12},
abstract = {Previous studies have suggested that a significant loop in the carbon cycle may be hidden in the global desert areas (both low latitude and middle latitude). Due to the complexity of salt formation involved in atmosphere-landscape relation, there are few study involved into the pool of secondary carbonates in world desert soils, particularly in arid areas in northern China. Large sandy deserts in the middle latitudes of northwestern China were investigated in this study. The physical and geochemical examinations are carried out into soluble carbon salts in modern and ancient dune sediments from the inland deserts in northwestern China, with the aim to explore the composition of carbon salts in aeolian sediments and their possible environmental implications for global carbon cycle. The results show that the aeolian salt has high alkalinities, which are mainly determined by evaporitic alkaline earth carbonates. The carbonates are secondary salt in origin and are possibly introduced from the atmosphere into the pedosphere by a carbon-fixation process. Owing to the high capability to neutralize atmospheric carbonic acid, large desert area, and the strong potential of carbonate preservation in soil under arid climate, the middle-latitude Chinese deserts can be potentially qualified as a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle. But the low-latitude deserts in tropic areas may be not able to provide such a contribution.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Aeolian Carbon Salts in the Taklamakan and Badanjilin Deserts in Northwestern China and Their Potential Role in Global Carbon Cycle AU - Bing-Qi Zhu Y1 - 2017/11/01 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12 T2 - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics JF - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics JO - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics SP - 26 EP - 35 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2471-979X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170302.12 AB - Previous studies have suggested that a significant loop in the carbon cycle may be hidden in the global desert areas (both low latitude and middle latitude). Due to the complexity of salt formation involved in atmosphere-landscape relation, there are few study involved into the pool of secondary carbonates in world desert soils, particularly in arid areas in northern China. Large sandy deserts in the middle latitudes of northwestern China were investigated in this study. The physical and geochemical examinations are carried out into soluble carbon salts in modern and ancient dune sediments from the inland deserts in northwestern China, with the aim to explore the composition of carbon salts in aeolian sediments and their possible environmental implications for global carbon cycle. The results show that the aeolian salt has high alkalinities, which are mainly determined by evaporitic alkaline earth carbonates. The carbonates are secondary salt in origin and are possibly introduced from the atmosphere into the pedosphere by a carbon-fixation process. Owing to the high capability to neutralize atmospheric carbonic acid, large desert area, and the strong potential of carbonate preservation in soil under arid climate, the middle-latitude Chinese deserts can be potentially qualified as a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle. But the low-latitude deserts in tropic areas may be not able to provide such a contribution. VL - 3 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: