Producing and consuming more soy would improve the situation (food security) because it provides a balanced diet of calories and protein. Even though soy beans are crucial for addressing the country's ongoing issues with food insecurity, little attention has been paid to their production, supply, and export. Threshing is one of most critical post- harvest operations of grain crops. Varieties of grains are produced and threshed traditionally. The traditional threshing of soybean is one of the most time-consuming operations which involves drudgery, grain loss and breakage due to manual threshing by beating using a stick and using animal trampling in some places. In the present paper, an effort has been made to perform a literature review on development and the performance evaluation of soybean threshing machines. Soybean threshing or simply soybean threshing is the most important aspect of post-harvest operation of soybean. It involves detaching of the soybean grain from its stalks. The mechanization of soybean threshing has undergone significant evolution, driven by the need to improve efficiency, reduce post-harvest losses, and enhance grain quality. This review explores the historical progression, design innovations, and performance metrics of soybean threshing machines, highlighting key technological milestones from manual methods to advanced automated systems. Emphasis is placed on the engineering principles behind threshing mechanisms, including axial-flow, tangential, and rotary designs, as well as adaptations for varying moisture content and pod characteristics. The review also examines the integration of sensor technologies, material selection, and energy optimization strategies that have shaped modern threshers. Challenges such as seed damage, machine affordability, and adaptability to smallholder farming systems are discussed, alongside emerging trends in sustainable and precision agriculture. By synthesizing past and current developments, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and innovation in soybean threshing technology.
| Published in | American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11 |
| Page(s) | 101-107 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Soybean Threshing, Post-harvest Technology, Threshing Efficiency, Axial-flow Thresher, Rotary Thresher, Performance Evaluation
| [1] | N. L. Aniekwe and B. N. Mbah, ‘Impact of different soil fertility management practices in optimizing growth and yield of soybean varieties in Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria.’, 2014. |
| [2] | D. Grogan, S. Frolking, D. Wisser, A. Prusevich, and S. Glidden, ‘Global gridded crop harvested area, production, yield, and monthly physical area data circa 2015’, Sci. data, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 15, 2022. |
| [3] | U. Tilahun and A. Bedemo, Farmers’ perceptions and adaptations to climate change through conservation agriculture: the case of guto gida and sasiga districts, western Ethiopia. GRIN Verlag, 2014. |
| [4] | P. Thoenes, ‘Soybean International Commodity Profile, Markets and Trade Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’, 2014. |
| [5] | L. Cochrane and Y. W. Bekele, ‘Average crop yield (2001–2017) in Ethiopia: Trends at national, regional and zonal levels’, Data Br., vol. 16, p. 1025, 2017. |
| [6] | I. I. GTP, ‘Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Second Growth and Transformation plan’, Addis Ababa, Ethiop., 2015. |
| [7] | B. Ayalew, A. Bekele, and Y. Mazengia, ‘Analysis of cost and return of soybean production under small holder farmers in Pawe District, North Western Ethiopia’, J. Nat. Sci. Res., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2018. |
| [8] | H. Abagisa, T. Tesfaye, and D. Befikadu, ‘Modification and testing of replaceable drum multi-crop thresher’, Int. J. Sci. Basic Appl. Res., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 242–255, 2015. |
| [9] | S. Benaseer, P. Masilamani, V. A. Albert, M. Govindaraj, P. Selvaraju, and M. Bhaskaran, ‘Impact of harvesting and threshing methods on seed quality-A review’, Agric. Rev., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 183–192, 2018. |
| [10] | T. A. Adekanye, A. B. Osakpamwan, and I. E. Osaivbie, ‘Evaluation of a soybean threshing machine for small scale farmers’, Agric. Eng. Int. CIGR J., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 426–434, 2016. |
| [11] | J. O. OLAOYE, ‘Development of a treadle operated abrasive-cylinder for threshing cowpea’, 2011. |
| [12] | R. Polat, U. Atay, and C. Saglam, ‘Some physical and aerodynamic properties of soybean.’, 2006. |
| [13] | P. Sirisomboon, P. Pornchaloempong, and T. Romphophak, ‘Physical properties of green soybean: criteria for sorting’, J. Food Eng., vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 18–22, 2007. |
| [14] | E. Ișİk, ‘Some engineering properties of soybean grains.’, 2007. |
| [15] | A. Vejasit, ‘A comparison between peg tooth and rasp bar cylinders for soybean threshing using axial flow thresher’, Master Eng. Thesis Agric. Mach. Grad. Sch. Khon Kaen Univ., 1991. |
| [16] | A. Vejasit and V. Salokhe, ‘Studies on machine-crop parameters of an axial flow thresher for threshing soybean’, 2004. |
| [17] | W. Chansrakoo and S. Chuan-Udom, ‘Factors of operation affecting performance of a short axial-flow soybean threshing unit’, Eng. J., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 109–120, 2018. |
| [18] | N. H. Muna, U. S. Muhammed, A. M. El-Okente, and M. Isiaka, ‘Development and Validation of Threshing Efficiency Mathematical and Optimization Model for Spike-Tooth Cereal Threshers’, Int. J. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 50–60, 2016. |
| [19] | O. Adeyeye et al., ‘Construction and evaluation of soybeans thresher’, African J. Agric. Res., vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 921–927, 2019. |
| [20] | A. Sessiz, T. Koyuncu, and Y. Pinar, ‘Soybean threshing efficiency and power consumption for different concave materials’, Ama, Agric. Mech. Asia, Africa Lat. Am., vol. 38, no. 3, p. 56, 2007. |
| [21] | A. Goli, J. Khazaei, M. Taheri, A. Khojamli, and A. Sedaghat, ‘Effect of mechanical damage on soybean germination’, Int. Acad. J. Sci. Eng, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 48–58, 2016. |
| [22] | P. Yamba, E. A. Larson, Z. Issaka, and A. Akayeti, ‘Design, manufacture and performance evaluation of a soybean paddle thresher with a blower’, life, vol. 7, no. 8, 2017. |
| [23] | A. K. Zaalouk, ‘Evaluation of local machine performance for threshing bean’, Misr J. Agric. Eng., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1696–1709, 2009. |
APA Style
Abera, D. (2025). Review on Development and Performance Evaluation of Soybean Threshing Machine. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(6), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11
ACS Style
Abera, D. Review on Development and Performance Evaluation of Soybean Threshing Machine. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2025, 10(6), 101-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11,
author = {Desta Abera},
title = {Review on Development and Performance Evaluation of Soybean Threshing Machine},
journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {101-107},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20251006.11},
abstract = {Producing and consuming more soy would improve the situation (food security) because it provides a balanced diet of calories and protein. Even though soy beans are crucial for addressing the country's ongoing issues with food insecurity, little attention has been paid to their production, supply, and export. Threshing is one of most critical post- harvest operations of grain crops. Varieties of grains are produced and threshed traditionally. The traditional threshing of soybean is one of the most time-consuming operations which involves drudgery, grain loss and breakage due to manual threshing by beating using a stick and using animal trampling in some places. In the present paper, an effort has been made to perform a literature review on development and the performance evaluation of soybean threshing machines. Soybean threshing or simply soybean threshing is the most important aspect of post-harvest operation of soybean. It involves detaching of the soybean grain from its stalks. The mechanization of soybean threshing has undergone significant evolution, driven by the need to improve efficiency, reduce post-harvest losses, and enhance grain quality. This review explores the historical progression, design innovations, and performance metrics of soybean threshing machines, highlighting key technological milestones from manual methods to advanced automated systems. Emphasis is placed on the engineering principles behind threshing mechanisms, including axial-flow, tangential, and rotary designs, as well as adaptations for varying moisture content and pod characteristics. The review also examines the integration of sensor technologies, material selection, and energy optimization strategies that have shaped modern threshers. Challenges such as seed damage, machine affordability, and adaptability to smallholder farming systems are discussed, alongside emerging trends in sustainable and precision agriculture. By synthesizing past and current developments, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and innovation in soybean threshing technology.},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Review on Development and Performance Evaluation of Soybean Threshing Machine AU - Desta Abera Y1 - 2025/12/08 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11 T2 - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering JF - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering JO - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering SP - 101 EP - 107 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-6060 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.11 AB - Producing and consuming more soy would improve the situation (food security) because it provides a balanced diet of calories and protein. Even though soy beans are crucial for addressing the country's ongoing issues with food insecurity, little attention has been paid to their production, supply, and export. Threshing is one of most critical post- harvest operations of grain crops. Varieties of grains are produced and threshed traditionally. The traditional threshing of soybean is one of the most time-consuming operations which involves drudgery, grain loss and breakage due to manual threshing by beating using a stick and using animal trampling in some places. In the present paper, an effort has been made to perform a literature review on development and the performance evaluation of soybean threshing machines. Soybean threshing or simply soybean threshing is the most important aspect of post-harvest operation of soybean. It involves detaching of the soybean grain from its stalks. The mechanization of soybean threshing has undergone significant evolution, driven by the need to improve efficiency, reduce post-harvest losses, and enhance grain quality. This review explores the historical progression, design innovations, and performance metrics of soybean threshing machines, highlighting key technological milestones from manual methods to advanced automated systems. Emphasis is placed on the engineering principles behind threshing mechanisms, including axial-flow, tangential, and rotary designs, as well as adaptations for varying moisture content and pod characteristics. The review also examines the integration of sensor technologies, material selection, and energy optimization strategies that have shaped modern threshers. Challenges such as seed damage, machine affordability, and adaptability to smallholder farming systems are discussed, alongside emerging trends in sustainable and precision agriculture. By synthesizing past and current developments, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and innovation in soybean threshing technology. VL - 10 IS - 6 ER -
Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Bako, Ethiopia
Information