Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software

Received: 10 October 2023     Accepted: 31 October 2023     Published: 11 November 2023
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Abstract

Designing material transportation equipment using human-powered carts is not efficient. An electric drive system can be an environmentally friendly system that can be implemented on three-wheeled carts, thereby replacing the role of humans in doing so. developing an electric drive device with a 48 V 1000watt Brushless DC (BLDC) type, 12 Ah lithium ion battery, so that it can reduce pollution problems and also meet the needs of the domestic automotive sector. This research aims to design and build a rotary steering drive system for a three-wheeled electric cart to make it lighter and easier. The steering seat frame functions to support the driver and a structural analysis was carried out using ergonomic analysis using the RULA method. Meanwhile, to determine the strength of the frame material and components of the cart steering system using SolidWorks software simulation. Based on the results of research on the design of the cart frame and steering system frame made of alloy steel with SolidWorks analysis for frame loading, it shows that the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the yield strength value of the material, the results of the frame loading safety factor value have exceeded the required value, so that very safe to withstand a load of 1962.33 N. Meanwhile, when loading the steering frame and steering mount, the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the material yield strength value, the resulting loading safety factor value has exceeded the required value, so it is very safe to withstand a load of 784.58 N. The results of the RULA method analysis on the ergonomic design of the rotary steering system show that the MSDs risk score for the new driver's posture after ergonomic intervention is 2 (two), which means the MSDs risk category is good, for the cart moving forward or backward. This means that the cart driver's posture is acceptable as long as it is not maintained. or recurring for a long time. Analysis of the power consumption of three-wheeled electric cart testing, namely the maximum value without load produces 571.14 Watts, while testing with load produces 583.68 Watts. This affects the use without load and with load on the performance/speed produced by the 48V1000 Watt BLDC motor. The prototype design of this three-wheeled electric cart has the advantage that it can be used on narrow roads and alleys in hotel or company yards.

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17
Page(s) 217-225
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Steering System, Electric Cart, Solid Works, RULA, Ergonomics

References
[1] J. Jatmiko, A. Basith, A. Ulinuha, I. S. Khak, and D. S. D. Putra, “Design and Implementation of Urban Concept Electric Vehicle Design with 1000 Watt BLDC Drive,” Emit. J. Tek. Elektro, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 93–97, 2019, doi: 10.23917/emitor.v19i2.8686.
[2] R. M. Moerdyanto et al., “Steering System Design on Simple Three-Wheeled Scooter Prototype,” J. Teknol. pp. 1–6, 2018.
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[4] Berlin, C., Adams, C., & Chalmers University of Technology, SE. (2017). Production Ergonomics: Designing Work Systems to Support Optimal Human Performance. Ubiquity Press. https://doi.org/10.5334/bbe
[5] Theopilus, Y., Jonathan, W., & Gustin, Y. (2018). Development of Material Handling Tools to Minimize the Workload of Crank Case Production Operators at PT.”X”. Jurnal Rekayasa.
[6] Sudiajeng, L., Adiputra, N., & Leibbrandt, R. (2012). Ergonomics work stations decreases the health impairment and saves electrical energy at the woodworking workshop in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Human Ergology, 41 (1_2), 41-54.
[7] Sudiajeng, L., Tarwaka, T., Sutapa, K., Sudana, M., & Yusuf, M. (2022). Ergonomic tetrapod reduces the MSDs risk and productivity of steel-bar assembly for reinforcement concrete beams. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research, 9 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v9n1.2255
[8] A. Manuaba, “Accelerating OHS-Ergonomics Program By Integrating ’Built-In” Within The Industry’s Economic Development Scheme Is A Must-With Special Attention To Small And Medium Enteprises (SMEs),” in Proceedings the 21st Annual Conference of The Asia Pasific Occupational Safety & Health Organization, 2005.
[9] K. H. E. Kroemer and E. Grandjean, Fitting The Task To The Human, Fifth Editione A Textbook Of Occupational Ergonomics. London: CRC Press, 2009.
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[11] A. A. N. B. Mulawarman, I. K. G. J. Suarbawa, and M. Yusuf, “Slice Tool Model Design Dynamo Drive Tempeh to Increase Work Productivity of Tempeh Chip Craperers,” Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 88–92, 2022.
[12] Z. F. Hunusalela, S. Perdana, and G. K. Dewanti, “Analysis of Operator Working Posture Using the RULA and REBA Methods at the Jakarta Convection Shop,” IKRAITH-Teknologi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.37817/ikraith-teknologi.v6i1.1656.
[13] S. Sundar, T. Sudarsanan. Radha Krishnan “Review of Design and Fabrication of four wheel Steering system” International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 10; October- 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457] DOI: 10.23883/IJRTER.2018.4386.3THDB.
[14] Akin, J. E. 2010. Finite element analysis concepts: via SolidWorks, 2010 ed. World Scientific.
[15] J. Tesalonika, B. A. H. Siboro, and C. E. Marbun, “Design of product design and innovation laboratory instructor workstations using the ergonomic function deployment method,” Oper. Excell. J. Appl. Ind. Eng., vol. 13, no. 2, p. 148, 2021, doi: 10.22441/oe.2021.v13.i1.009.
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[18] Wibawa, Lasinta Ari Nendra; Design and Strength Analysis of the Tool Cabinet Frame at Balai Lapan Garut Using the Finite Element Method, Machine; Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 5 No. 2, Oktober 2019 P-ISSN: 2502-2040 E-ISSN: 2581-0138.
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[20] Prasetyo, E., Hermawan, R., Ridho, M. N. I., Hajar, I. I., Hariri, H & Pane, E. A (2020). Frame Strength Analysis on Transverse Ducting Flange (TDF) Machines Using Solid Works Software. Rekayasa, 13 (3), 299-306. doi: https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v13i3.8872
Cite This Article
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    Made Sudana, I., Made Rajendra, I., Yusuf, M., Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa, I. (2023). Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 217-225. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17

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    Made Sudana, I.; Made Rajendra, I.; Yusuf, M.; Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa, I. Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(4), 217-225. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17

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    AMA Style

    Made Sudana I, Made Rajendra I, Yusuf M, Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa I. Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(4):217-225. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17,
      author = {I. Made Sudana and I. Made Rajendra and M. Yusuf and I. Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa},
      title = {Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software},
      journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {217-225},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230804.17},
      abstract = {Designing material transportation equipment using human-powered carts is not efficient. An electric drive system can be an environmentally friendly system that can be implemented on three-wheeled carts, thereby replacing the role of humans in doing so. developing an electric drive device with a 48 V 1000watt Brushless DC (BLDC) type, 12 Ah lithium ion battery, so that it can reduce pollution problems and also meet the needs of the domestic automotive sector. This research aims to design and build a rotary steering drive system for a three-wheeled electric cart to make it lighter and easier. The steering seat frame functions to support the driver and a structural analysis was carried out using ergonomic analysis using the RULA method. Meanwhile, to determine the strength of the frame material and components of the cart steering system using SolidWorks software simulation. Based on the results of research on the design of the cart frame and steering system frame made of alloy steel with SolidWorks analysis for frame loading, it shows that the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the yield strength value of the material, the results of the frame loading safety factor value have exceeded the required value, so that very safe to withstand a load of 1962.33 N. Meanwhile, when loading the steering frame and steering mount, the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the material yield strength value, the resulting loading safety factor value has exceeded the required value, so it is very safe to withstand a load of 784.58 N. The results of the RULA method analysis on the ergonomic design of the rotary steering system show that the MSDs risk score for the new driver's posture after ergonomic intervention is 2 (two), which means the MSDs risk category is good, for the cart moving forward or backward. This means that the cart driver's posture is acceptable as long as it is not maintained. or recurring for a long time. Analysis of the power consumption of three-wheeled electric cart testing, namely the maximum value without load produces 571.14 Watts, while testing with load produces 583.68 Watts. This affects the use without load and with load on the performance/speed produced by the 48V1000 Watt BLDC motor. The prototype design of this three-wheeled electric cart has the advantage that it can be used on narrow roads and alleys in hotel or company yards.
    },
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Design of an Ergonomic Rotating Steering System on an Electric Cart Based on RULA Analysis (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and Using Solidworks Software
    AU  - I. Made Sudana
    AU  - I. Made Rajendra
    AU  - M. Yusuf
    AU  - I. Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa
    Y1  - 2023/11/11
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17
    T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    SP  - 217
    EP  - 225
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8353
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230804.17
    AB  - Designing material transportation equipment using human-powered carts is not efficient. An electric drive system can be an environmentally friendly system that can be implemented on three-wheeled carts, thereby replacing the role of humans in doing so. developing an electric drive device with a 48 V 1000watt Brushless DC (BLDC) type, 12 Ah lithium ion battery, so that it can reduce pollution problems and also meet the needs of the domestic automotive sector. This research aims to design and build a rotary steering drive system for a three-wheeled electric cart to make it lighter and easier. The steering seat frame functions to support the driver and a structural analysis was carried out using ergonomic analysis using the RULA method. Meanwhile, to determine the strength of the frame material and components of the cart steering system using SolidWorks software simulation. Based on the results of research on the design of the cart frame and steering system frame made of alloy steel with SolidWorks analysis for frame loading, it shows that the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the yield strength value of the material, the results of the frame loading safety factor value have exceeded the required value, so that very safe to withstand a load of 1962.33 N. Meanwhile, when loading the steering frame and steering mount, the maximum stress value that occurs is still below the material yield strength value, the resulting loading safety factor value has exceeded the required value, so it is very safe to withstand a load of 784.58 N. The results of the RULA method analysis on the ergonomic design of the rotary steering system show that the MSDs risk score for the new driver's posture after ergonomic intervention is 2 (two), which means the MSDs risk category is good, for the cart moving forward or backward. This means that the cart driver's posture is acceptable as long as it is not maintained. or recurring for a long time. Analysis of the power consumption of three-wheeled electric cart testing, namely the maximum value without load produces 571.14 Watts, while testing with load produces 583.68 Watts. This affects the use without load and with load on the performance/speed produced by the 48V1000 Watt BLDC motor. The prototype design of this three-wheeled electric cart has the advantage that it can be used on narrow roads and alleys in hotel or company yards.
    
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Bali, Indonesia

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Bali, Indonesia

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Bali, Indonesia

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Bali, Indonesia

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