Coastal aquifers are vital fresh water reservoirs that could be affected by seawater intrusion, thereby polluting the water resources. This study investigated the current status of subsurface water in Limbe-Cameroon, focusing on aquifer hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwater samples were obtained from nine boreholes and measurements were conducted on the following physicochemical parameters; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ions (cations and anions). The results showed that most of the sampled boreholes were in the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, except for a few samples. 11.11% of the pH values, 11.11% of the EC values and 11.11% of the TDS values the WHO recommended limits. Major ion concentrations were below WHO prescribed levels in all analysed samples. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that 44.44% of the samples were of good quality water with water quality values varying from 26-50, 11.11% were classified as poor-quality water and another 11.11% of the samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes. The hydrochemical facies were principally Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 water types. Irrigation water quality indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP) indicated that groundwater in Limbe is suitable for irrigation. These higher values signify the possiblity of salt water intrusion in the study area and highlights the critical need for sustainable groundwater management in Limbe to prevent further degradation from seawater intrusion and protect the freshwater resources in the region.
| Published in | American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 10, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12 |
| Page(s) | 94-109 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Coastal Aquifers, Water Quality Index, Seawater Intrusion, Limbe-Cameroon
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APA Style
Mesumbe, E., Mufur, A. M., Fonteh, M. F. (2025). Groundwater Quality Investigation in the Coastal Aquifer of Limbe, South West Cameroon. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 10(3), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12
ACS Style
Mesumbe, E.; Mufur, A. M.; Fonteh, M. F. Groundwater Quality Investigation in the Coastal Aquifer of Limbe, South West Cameroon. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2025, 10(3), 94-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12,
author = {Ewanoge Mesumbe and Alice Magha Mufur and Mathias Fru Fonteh},
title = {Groundwater Quality Investigation in the Coastal Aquifer of Limbe, South West Cameroon},
journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {94-109},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20251003.12},
abstract = {Coastal aquifers are vital fresh water reservoirs that could be affected by seawater intrusion, thereby polluting the water resources. This study investigated the current status of subsurface water in Limbe-Cameroon, focusing on aquifer hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwater samples were obtained from nine boreholes and measurements were conducted on the following physicochemical parameters; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ions (cations and anions). The results showed that most of the sampled boreholes were in the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, except for a few samples. 11.11% of the pH values, 11.11% of the EC values and 11.11% of the TDS values the WHO recommended limits. Major ion concentrations were below WHO prescribed levels in all analysed samples. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that 44.44% of the samples were of good quality water with water quality values varying from 26-50, 11.11% were classified as poor-quality water and another 11.11% of the samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes. The hydrochemical facies were principally Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 water types. Irrigation water quality indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP) indicated that groundwater in Limbe is suitable for irrigation. These higher values signify the possiblity of salt water intrusion in the study area and highlights the critical need for sustainable groundwater management in Limbe to prevent further degradation from seawater intrusion and protect the freshwater resources in the region.},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater Quality Investigation in the Coastal Aquifer of Limbe, South West Cameroon AU - Ewanoge Mesumbe AU - Alice Magha Mufur AU - Mathias Fru Fonteh Y1 - 2025/07/30 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12 T2 - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology JF - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology JO - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology SP - 94 EP - 109 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8353 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20251003.12 AB - Coastal aquifers are vital fresh water reservoirs that could be affected by seawater intrusion, thereby polluting the water resources. This study investigated the current status of subsurface water in Limbe-Cameroon, focusing on aquifer hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwater samples were obtained from nine boreholes and measurements were conducted on the following physicochemical parameters; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ions (cations and anions). The results showed that most of the sampled boreholes were in the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, except for a few samples. 11.11% of the pH values, 11.11% of the EC values and 11.11% of the TDS values the WHO recommended limits. Major ion concentrations were below WHO prescribed levels in all analysed samples. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that 44.44% of the samples were of good quality water with water quality values varying from 26-50, 11.11% were classified as poor-quality water and another 11.11% of the samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes. The hydrochemical facies were principally Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 water types. Irrigation water quality indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP) indicated that groundwater in Limbe is suitable for irrigation. These higher values signify the possiblity of salt water intrusion in the study area and highlights the critical need for sustainable groundwater management in Limbe to prevent further degradation from seawater intrusion and protect the freshwater resources in the region. VL - 10 IS - 3 ER -
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, the University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, the University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon; Department of Geology, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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