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An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya

Received: 10 September 2018     Accepted: 4 October 2018     Published: 30 October 2018
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Abstract

The study sought to assess the level of compliance with smoke-free environment provisions of the Tobacco Control Act, 2007 in licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East sub-County. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population consisted of 264 licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East Sub County. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The independent variables were awareness of Smoke-Free Environment provisions of TCA, 2007, awareness about health impacts of SHS and type of licensed liquor establishment. The dependent variable was the level of compliance with SFE provisions of TCA, 2007. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Measures of strength of association between the independent and dependent variables were evaluated using the Pearson’s chi-square test. Ninety-six point three percent of the licensed liquor establishments allowed smoking within their premises. Presence of ‘no smoking' sign displayed in non-designated smoking areas within the premise was found to be in (42.0% (21) restaurants, 50.0% (4) nightclubs and 57.7% (45) bars). Very few licensed liquor establishments were compliant with the SFE provisions of TCA, 2007 that require the signs to be written in both English and Swahili only 9.1% (2) of restaurants complied with no bar or nightclub complying. For the provision that penalty should be indicated in the sign, only a few (2.6% (1) bars, none in nightclubs and restaurants) establishments had met the requirement of the provision. Majority of the licensed liquor establishments had designated smoking area (66% (33) restaurants, 75% (6) nightclubs and 45.1% (42) bars). Fifty-four percent (73) of the owners and/or managers were aware of the provisions of the TCA, 2007. Employees accessed designated smoking area (80% (28) restaurants, 66.7% (4) nightclubs and 100% bars (42) while smoking was ongoing. Challenges to compliance of the TCA, 2007 were found to be the fear of losing clients, use of abusive language in the premises and lack of proper implementation of the policy. Conclusion and recommendations: The level of awareness is high but compliance with TCA, 2007 is low. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are made that; owners and managers of licensed liquor establishments should attend training organized by the government to improve their understanding of TCA, 2007 and be made aware of the penalty for contravention of the provisions of the act.

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15
Page(s) 159-167
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Compliance, Smoke-free Provisions, Tobacco Control Act 2007, Licensed Liquor Establishments

References
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  • APA Style

    Josephine Githaiga, Mutuku A. Mwanthi, Tom Olewe. (2018). An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya. Central African Journal of Public Health, 4(5), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15

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    ACS Style

    Josephine Githaiga; Mutuku A. Mwanthi; Tom Olewe. An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2018, 4(5), 159-167. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15

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    AMA Style

    Josephine Githaiga, Mutuku A. Mwanthi, Tom Olewe. An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2018;4(5):159-167. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15,
      author = {Josephine Githaiga and Mutuku A. Mwanthi and Tom Olewe},
      title = {An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya},
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {159-167},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20180405.15},
      abstract = {The study sought to assess the level of compliance with smoke-free environment provisions of the Tobacco Control Act, 2007 in licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East sub-County. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population consisted of 264 licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East Sub County. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The independent variables were awareness of Smoke-Free Environment provisions of TCA, 2007, awareness about health impacts of SHS and type of licensed liquor establishment. The dependent variable was the level of compliance with SFE provisions of TCA, 2007. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Measures of strength of association between the independent and dependent variables were evaluated using the Pearson’s chi-square test. Ninety-six point three percent of the licensed liquor establishments allowed smoking within their premises. Presence of ‘no smoking' sign displayed in non-designated smoking areas within the premise was found to be in (42.0% (21) restaurants, 50.0% (4) nightclubs and 57.7% (45) bars). Very few licensed liquor establishments were compliant with the SFE provisions of TCA, 2007 that require the signs to be written in both English and Swahili only 9.1% (2) of restaurants complied with no bar or nightclub complying. For the provision that penalty should be indicated in the sign, only a few (2.6% (1) bars, none in nightclubs and restaurants) establishments had met the requirement of the provision. Majority of the licensed liquor establishments had designated smoking area (66% (33) restaurants, 75% (6) nightclubs and 45.1% (42) bars). Fifty-four percent (73) of the owners and/or managers were aware of the provisions of the TCA, 2007. Employees accessed designated smoking area (80% (28) restaurants, 66.7% (4) nightclubs and 100% bars (42) while smoking was ongoing. Challenges to compliance of the TCA, 2007 were found to be the fear of losing clients, use of abusive language in the premises and lack of proper implementation of the policy. Conclusion and recommendations: The level of awareness is high but compliance with TCA, 2007 is low. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are made that; owners and managers of licensed liquor establishments should attend training organized by the government to improve their understanding of TCA, 2007 and be made aware of the penalty for contravention of the provisions of the act.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - An Assessment of Level of Compliance with Smoke-Free Provision of the Tobacco Control Act 2007 in Licensed Liquor Establishments in Nakuru County, Kenya
    AU  - Josephine Githaiga
    AU  - Mutuku A. Mwanthi
    AU  - Tom Olewe
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15
    T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 159
    EP  - 167
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5781
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180405.15
    AB  - The study sought to assess the level of compliance with smoke-free environment provisions of the Tobacco Control Act, 2007 in licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East sub-County. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population consisted of 264 licensed liquor establishments in Nakuru East Sub County. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The independent variables were awareness of Smoke-Free Environment provisions of TCA, 2007, awareness about health impacts of SHS and type of licensed liquor establishment. The dependent variable was the level of compliance with SFE provisions of TCA, 2007. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Measures of strength of association between the independent and dependent variables were evaluated using the Pearson’s chi-square test. Ninety-six point three percent of the licensed liquor establishments allowed smoking within their premises. Presence of ‘no smoking' sign displayed in non-designated smoking areas within the premise was found to be in (42.0% (21) restaurants, 50.0% (4) nightclubs and 57.7% (45) bars). Very few licensed liquor establishments were compliant with the SFE provisions of TCA, 2007 that require the signs to be written in both English and Swahili only 9.1% (2) of restaurants complied with no bar or nightclub complying. For the provision that penalty should be indicated in the sign, only a few (2.6% (1) bars, none in nightclubs and restaurants) establishments had met the requirement of the provision. Majority of the licensed liquor establishments had designated smoking area (66% (33) restaurants, 75% (6) nightclubs and 45.1% (42) bars). Fifty-four percent (73) of the owners and/or managers were aware of the provisions of the TCA, 2007. Employees accessed designated smoking area (80% (28) restaurants, 66.7% (4) nightclubs and 100% bars (42) while smoking was ongoing. Challenges to compliance of the TCA, 2007 were found to be the fear of losing clients, use of abusive language in the premises and lack of proper implementation of the policy. Conclusion and recommendations: The level of awareness is high but compliance with TCA, 2007 is low. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are made that; owners and managers of licensed liquor establishments should attend training organized by the government to improve their understanding of TCA, 2007 and be made aware of the penalty for contravention of the provisions of the act.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

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