District heating systems (DHS) comprise complex hydraulic networks that include multiple consumers, distribution pipe networks, and power sources. By analyzing key parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and resistance within a hydraulic system, it is possible to predict system performance and optimize adjustments. Calculating the hydraulic regime of a heat supply system means solving a system of large-scale quadratic equations. Unlike electrical systems, typically modeled by linear equations, hydraulic systems require nonlinear equations, making analysis more challenging and often necessitating iterative methods. In defining the scope of our study, we focused on stabilizing the network's hydraulic regime by adjusting the supply water temperature at the source. We observed that changes in a user’s automatic valve resistance altered the total resistance, causing the entire system to operate in a variable mode. Conversely, we analyzed how variations in source pressure influenced user resistance. Our study aimed to characterize constant and variable resistances in hydraulic systems and to determine the system’s equivalent total resistance. Kirchhoff's laws are applied to determine resistance, head loss, and flow distribution. Yet, many nonlinear equations call for transforming the problem into a linear system under hydraulic stability assumptions. This paper proposes a methodology to simplify computations by distinguishing between variable and constant hydraulic resistances, representing them as equivalent resistances for enhanced modeling accuracy. When performing hydraulic calculations of heat supply systems, we mainly relied on software from countries such as Russia and Denmark. As a result, engineers often neglected the theoretical development of hydraulic calculation methods. To address this issue, we began investigating these methods and developed a hydraulic calculation model, which we aim to improve through ongoing research. Based on this foundation, we present this study.
| Published in | International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12 |
| Page(s) | 9-13 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hydraulic Resistance, Hydraulic Regime, District Heating, Pressure Drop
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APA Style
Bat-Erdene, E., Dugargaramjav, T. (2025). The Variable Resistance on the Calculation of the Hydraulic Regime of a District Heating System. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 11(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12
ACS Style
Bat-Erdene, E.; Dugargaramjav, T. The Variable Resistance on the Calculation of the Hydraulic Regime of a District Heating System. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2025, 11(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12,
author = {Enkhbayar Bat-Erdene and Tserendolgor Dugargaramjav},
title = {The Variable Resistance on the Calculation of the Hydraulic Regime of a District Heating System
},
journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {9-13},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20251101.12},
abstract = {District heating systems (DHS) comprise complex hydraulic networks that include multiple consumers, distribution pipe networks, and power sources. By analyzing key parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and resistance within a hydraulic system, it is possible to predict system performance and optimize adjustments. Calculating the hydraulic regime of a heat supply system means solving a system of large-scale quadratic equations. Unlike electrical systems, typically modeled by linear equations, hydraulic systems require nonlinear equations, making analysis more challenging and often necessitating iterative methods. In defining the scope of our study, we focused on stabilizing the network's hydraulic regime by adjusting the supply water temperature at the source. We observed that changes in a user’s automatic valve resistance altered the total resistance, causing the entire system to operate in a variable mode. Conversely, we analyzed how variations in source pressure influenced user resistance. Our study aimed to characterize constant and variable resistances in hydraulic systems and to determine the system’s equivalent total resistance. Kirchhoff's laws are applied to determine resistance, head loss, and flow distribution. Yet, many nonlinear equations call for transforming the problem into a linear system under hydraulic stability assumptions. This paper proposes a methodology to simplify computations by distinguishing between variable and constant hydraulic resistances, representing them as equivalent resistances for enhanced modeling accuracy. When performing hydraulic calculations of heat supply systems, we mainly relied on software from countries such as Russia and Denmark. As a result, engineers often neglected the theoretical development of hydraulic calculation methods. To address this issue, we began investigating these methods and developed a hydraulic calculation model, which we aim to improve through ongoing research. Based on this foundation, we present this study.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Variable Resistance on the Calculation of the Hydraulic Regime of a District Heating System AU - Enkhbayar Bat-Erdene AU - Tserendolgor Dugargaramjav Y1 - 2025/06/12 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12 T2 - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JF - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JO - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences SP - 9 EP - 13 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8113 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12 AB - District heating systems (DHS) comprise complex hydraulic networks that include multiple consumers, distribution pipe networks, and power sources. By analyzing key parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and resistance within a hydraulic system, it is possible to predict system performance and optimize adjustments. Calculating the hydraulic regime of a heat supply system means solving a system of large-scale quadratic equations. Unlike electrical systems, typically modeled by linear equations, hydraulic systems require nonlinear equations, making analysis more challenging and often necessitating iterative methods. In defining the scope of our study, we focused on stabilizing the network's hydraulic regime by adjusting the supply water temperature at the source. We observed that changes in a user’s automatic valve resistance altered the total resistance, causing the entire system to operate in a variable mode. Conversely, we analyzed how variations in source pressure influenced user resistance. Our study aimed to characterize constant and variable resistances in hydraulic systems and to determine the system’s equivalent total resistance. Kirchhoff's laws are applied to determine resistance, head loss, and flow distribution. Yet, many nonlinear equations call for transforming the problem into a linear system under hydraulic stability assumptions. This paper proposes a methodology to simplify computations by distinguishing between variable and constant hydraulic resistances, representing them as equivalent resistances for enhanced modeling accuracy. When performing hydraulic calculations of heat supply systems, we mainly relied on software from countries such as Russia and Denmark. As a result, engineers often neglected the theoretical development of hydraulic calculation methods. To address this issue, we began investigating these methods and developed a hydraulic calculation model, which we aim to improve through ongoing research. Based on this foundation, we present this study. VL - 11 IS - 1 ER -
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Power Engineering School of Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Power Engineering School of Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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