Research Article
Impact of Nerium-Water Emulsion with Diethyl Ether on Performance and Emission Reduction in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Mesay Dejene Altaye*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-8
Received:
17 March 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
6 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.11
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Views:
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of a Nerium-water emulsion, enhanced with diethyl ether (DEE) addition at 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations, on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Motivated by the need for sustainable fuels and reduced pollutant output, this research explored the potential of a Nerium-derived emulsion, leveraging DEE’s oxygenating properties. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine under steady-state conditions, analyzing in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity. Brake thermal efficiency and specific energy consumption were also evaluated. The finding revealed that incorporating the Nerium-water emulsion DEE effectively decreased NOx and smoke opacity while largely maintaining brake thermal efficiency. Notably, higher DEE concentrations are generally correlated with greater emission reductions. The 15% DEE blend demonstrated the most promising results, achieving the lowest NOx and smoke opacity with minimal compromise to engine efficiency compared to the 5% and 10% blends. These results unequivocally highlight the synergistic advantages of employing a Nerium-water emulsion enriched with DEE as a fuel for a DI diesel engine. This approach offers a viable strategy for cleaner engine operation by utilizing a non-food biomass resource and significantly mitigating harmful emissions, thereby contributing to more sustainable transportation practices. The optimized blend with 15% DEE presents a particularly beneficial pathway for balancing performance and emission reduction in DI diesel engine applications.
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of a Nerium-water emulsion, enhanced with diethyl ether (DEE) addition at 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations, on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Motivated by the need for sustainable fuels and reduced pollutant output, this research explored the potential of a Neri...
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Research Article
The Variable Resistance on the Calculation of the Hydraulic Regime of a District Heating System
Enkhbayar Bat-Erdene,
Tserendolgor Dugargaramjav*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
9-13
Received:
21 April 2025
Accepted:
3 May 2025
Published:
12 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfmts.20251101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: District heating systems (DHS) comprise complex hydraulic networks that include multiple consumers, distribution pipe networks, and power sources. By analyzing key parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and resistance within a hydraulic system, it is possible to predict system performance and optimize adjustments. Calculating the hydraulic regime of a heat supply system means solving a system of large-scale quadratic equations. Unlike electrical systems, typically modeled by linear equations, hydraulic systems require nonlinear equations, making analysis more challenging and often necessitating iterative methods. In defining the scope of our study, we focused on stabilizing the network's hydraulic regime by adjusting the supply water temperature at the source. We observed that changes in a user’s automatic valve resistance altered the total resistance, causing the entire system to operate in a variable mode. Conversely, we analyzed how variations in source pressure influenced user resistance. Our study aimed to characterize constant and variable resistances in hydraulic systems and to determine the system’s equivalent total resistance. Kirchhoff's laws are applied to determine resistance, head loss, and flow distribution. Yet, many nonlinear equations call for transforming the problem into a linear system under hydraulic stability assumptions. This paper proposes a methodology to simplify computations by distinguishing between variable and constant hydraulic resistances, representing them as equivalent resistances for enhanced modeling accuracy. When performing hydraulic calculations of heat supply systems, we mainly relied on software from countries such as Russia and Denmark. As a result, engineers often neglected the theoretical development of hydraulic calculation methods. To address this issue, we began investigating these methods and developed a hydraulic calculation model, which we aim to improve through ongoing research. Based on this foundation, we present this study.
Abstract: District heating systems (DHS) comprise complex hydraulic networks that include multiple consumers, distribution pipe networks, and power sources. By analyzing key parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and resistance within a hydraulic system, it is possible to predict system performance and optimize adjustments. Calculating the hydraulic regime ...
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