Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria

Osakwe Sunday Adonis; Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa; Caroline Ogbowu; Gerald Ngozi Ezeka; Oputa Tochukwu Richard

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria

Osakwe Sunday Adonis^*

, Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa, Caroline Ogbowu, Gerald Ngozi Ezeka, Oputa Tochukwu Richard

Published in International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research (Volume 12, Issue 2)

Received: 3 September 2026 Accepted: 14 September 2026 Published: 27 September 2026

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Abstract

This study examined quality assurance in drone maintenance training as a foundation for sustainable workforce development in Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology education in polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 253 respondents, comprising 181 Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers from eleven polytechnics and 72 industrial drone maintenance officers from drone-related industries in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Drone Maintenance Module Questionnaire (DMMQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, while its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded an average reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent-samples t-test. A criterion mean of 3.50 was used to determine acceptance of the questionnaire items, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the quality assurance components were required for effective drone maintenance training, with grand mean scores of 4.00 for Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers and 4.04 for industrial drone maintenance officers. The identified drone maintenance competencies also received grand mean scores of 4.07 and 4.05, respectively. The independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two respondent groups for quality assurance components (t = .83, p = .408) and drone maintenance competencies (t = .40, p = .691). The study concludes that effective drone maintenance training requires a comprehensive quality assurance system encompassing relevant curriculum content, competent instructors, functional workshops, adequate tools and equipment, practical and competency-based training, appropriate assessment, industry collaboration, safety practices, regulatory compliance, and continuous programme improvement. It recommends phased and collaborative investment in training drones and diagnostic equipment, alongside stronger quality assurance mechanisms and industry linkages, to support employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and sustainable workforce development.

Published in	International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research (Volume 12, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
Page(s)	58-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Quality Assurance, Drone Maintenance, Workforce Development, Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology, Polytechnics, Competency Development, South-South Nigeria

References

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[2]	Aiminhiefe, M. I., Akinseinde, S. I., & Umunadi, K. E. (2024). Effects of instructional methods and ability on polytechnics students’ academic achievement in workshop practice in Delta and Edo States. Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 12(3), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJSSES11375250
[3]	Bello, O. O., Aminu, H., & Okafo, O. E. (2024). Evolution of accreditation scheme in the Nigeria technical and vocational education and training institutions and strategies for developing the scheme. British Journal of Contemporary Education, 4(1), 54-73. https://doi.org/10.52589/BJCE-HYJULSSW
[4]	Federal Aviation Administration. (2020, December 28). U.S. Department of Transportation issues two much-anticipated drone rules to advance safety and innovation in the United States. U.S. Department of Transportation.
[5]	Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2013). National policy on education (6th ed.). NERDC Press.
[6]	International Labour Organization. (2024). Skills for digital transformation. ILO.
[7]	John, W. S., & Yusri, K. (2021). Quality assurance framework in technical and vocational education and training: A comparative study of Nigeria, Malaysia and UK. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(8), 1531–1543. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2021.090805
[8]	Kamdani, N. 92024). Amalan penjaminan kualiti di dalam pelaksanaan institusi teknikal dan vokasional: Quality assurance practices in the implementation of technical and vocational institution. Journal of TVET and Technology Review, 2(2), 47-61.
[9]	Mohsan, S. A. H., Othman, N. Q. H., Li, Y., Alsharif, M. H., Khan, M. A., Uthansakul, P., & Masud, F. (2023). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): Practical aspects, applications, open challenges, security issues, and future trends. Intelligent Service Robotics, 16(1), 109–137.
[10]	National Board for Technical Education. (2022). Standards for the accreditation of diploma programmes in polytechnics and similar post-secondary technical institutions in Nigeria (4th ed.). NBTE.
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[12]	Ndukwe, C. I., & Allen, K. B. (2018). Quality assurance of technical vocational education and training (TVET) programme among business educators in higher institutions in Rivers State. Nigerian Journal of Business Education, 5(2), 9-20.
[13]	Odjo, C. Z., Kaoti, C., & Oyewusi, A. O. (2024). Quality assurance in West African TVET institutions: A brief literature review. Journal of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 18(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.3126/tvet.v18i1.62741
[14]	Okwelle, P. C., Owo, O. T., & Ibekwe, C. C. (2022). Assessing the adequacy of polytechnic education training facilities for electrical/electronics manpower development in oil/gas industry in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of oil and Gas Technology, 3(2), 220-231.
[15]	Tertiary Education Trust Fund. (2024). Address by the Executive Secretary at the inauguration of the advisory committee on operationalization of equipment upgrade in workshops and laboratories for universities, polytechnics and Colleges of Education (Technical). TETFund.
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[17]	Wanner, D., Hashim, H. A. (2024). UAV avionics safety, certification, accidents, redundancy, integrity, and reliability: A comprehensive review and future trends. Drone Systems and Applications, 12, 1-23.

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APA Style

Adonis, O. S., Dimkpa, I. E., Ogbowu, C., Ezeka, G. N., Richard, O. T. (2026). Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 12(2), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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ACS Style

Adonis, O. S.; Dimkpa, I. E.; Ogbowu, C.; Ezeka, G. N.; Richard, O. T. Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. Int. J. Vocat. Educ. Train. Res. 2026, 12(2), 58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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AMA Style

Adonis OS, Dimkpa IE, Ogbowu C, Ezeka GN, Richard OT. Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. Int J Vocat Educ Train Res. 2026;12(2):58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14,
  author = {Osakwe Sunday Adonis and Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa and Caroline Ogbowu and Gerald Ngozi Ezeka and Oputa Tochukwu Richard},
  title = {Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {58-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  abstract = {This study examined quality assurance in drone maintenance training as a foundation for sustainable workforce development in Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology education in polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 253 respondents, comprising 181 Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers from eleven polytechnics and 72 industrial drone maintenance officers from drone-related industries in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Drone Maintenance Module Questionnaire (DMMQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, while its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded an average reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent-samples t-test. A criterion mean of 3.50 was used to determine acceptance of the questionnaire items, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the quality assurance components were required for effective drone maintenance training, with grand mean scores of 4.00 for Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers and 4.04 for industrial drone maintenance officers. The identified drone maintenance competencies also received grand mean scores of 4.07 and 4.05, respectively. The independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two respondent groups for quality assurance components (t = .83, p = .408) and drone maintenance competencies (t = .40, p = .691). The study concludes that effective drone maintenance training requires a comprehensive quality assurance system encompassing relevant curriculum content, competent instructors, functional workshops, adequate tools and equipment, practical and competency-based training, appropriate assessment, industry collaboration, safety practices, regulatory compliance, and continuous programme improvement. It recommends phased and collaborative investment in training drones and diagnostic equipment, alongside stronger quality assurance mechanisms and industry linkages, to support employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and sustainable workforce development.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria
AU  - Osakwe Sunday Adonis
AU  - Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa
AU  - Caroline Ogbowu
AU  - Gerald Ngozi Ezeka
AU  - Oputa Tochukwu Richard
Y1  - 2026/09/27
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
T2  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
JF  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
JO  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
SP  - 58
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8199
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
AB  - This study examined quality assurance in drone maintenance training as a foundation for sustainable workforce development in Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology education in polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 253 respondents, comprising 181 Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers from eleven polytechnics and 72 industrial drone maintenance officers from drone-related industries in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Drone Maintenance Module Questionnaire (DMMQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, while its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded an average reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent-samples t-test. A criterion mean of 3.50 was used to determine acceptance of the questionnaire items, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the quality assurance components were required for effective drone maintenance training, with grand mean scores of 4.00 for Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers and 4.04 for industrial drone maintenance officers. The identified drone maintenance competencies also received grand mean scores of 4.07 and 4.05, respectively. The independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two respondent groups for quality assurance components (t = .83, p = .408) and drone maintenance competencies (t = .40, p = .691). The study concludes that effective drone maintenance training requires a comprehensive quality assurance system encompassing relevant curriculum content, competent instructors, functional workshops, adequate tools and equipment, practical and competency-based training, appropriate assessment, industry collaboration, safety practices, regulatory compliance, and continuous programme improvement. It recommends phased and collaborative investment in training drones and diagnostic equipment, alongside stronger quality assurance mechanisms and industry linkages, to support employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and sustainable workforce development.
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Osakwe Sunday Adonis

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0623-6789
Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria
Caroline Ogbowu

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria
Gerald Ngozi Ezeka

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria
Oputa Tochukwu Richard

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adonis, O. S., Dimkpa, I. E., Ogbowu, C., Ezeka, G. N., Richard, O. T. (2026). Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 12(2), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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ACS Style

Adonis, O. S.; Dimkpa, I. E.; Ogbowu, C.; Ezeka, G. N.; Richard, O. T. Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. Int. J. Vocat. Educ. Train. Res. 2026, 12(2), 58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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AMA Style

Adonis OS, Dimkpa IE, Ogbowu C, Ezeka GN, Richard OT. Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. Int J Vocat Educ Train Res. 2026;12(2):58-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14,
  author = {Osakwe Sunday Adonis and Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa and Caroline Ogbowu and Gerald Ngozi Ezeka and Oputa Tochukwu Richard},
  title = {Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {58-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijvetr.20261202.14},
  abstract = {This study examined quality assurance in drone maintenance training as a foundation for sustainable workforce development in Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology education in polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 253 respondents, comprising 181 Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers from eleven polytechnics and 72 industrial drone maintenance officers from drone-related industries in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Drone Maintenance Module Questionnaire (DMMQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, while its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded an average reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent-samples t-test. A criterion mean of 3.50 was used to determine acceptance of the questionnaire items, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the quality assurance components were required for effective drone maintenance training, with grand mean scores of 4.00 for Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers and 4.04 for industrial drone maintenance officers. The identified drone maintenance competencies also received grand mean scores of 4.07 and 4.05, respectively. The independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two respondent groups for quality assurance components (t = .83, p = .408) and drone maintenance competencies (t = .40, p = .691). The study concludes that effective drone maintenance training requires a comprehensive quality assurance system encompassing relevant curriculum content, competent instructors, functional workshops, adequate tools and equipment, practical and competency-based training, appropriate assessment, industry collaboration, safety practices, regulatory compliance, and continuous programme improvement. It recommends phased and collaborative investment in training drones and diagnostic equipment, alongside stronger quality assurance mechanisms and industry linkages, to support employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and sustainable workforce development.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quality Assurance in Drone Maintenance Training for Workforce Development in Elect-Elect Engineering Technology in Polytechnics in South-South Nigeria
AU  - Osakwe Sunday Adonis
AU  - Igwebuike Edward Dimkpa
AU  - Caroline Ogbowu
AU  - Gerald Ngozi Ezeka
AU  - Oputa Tochukwu Richard
Y1  - 2026/09/27
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
T2  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
JF  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
JO  - International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research
SP  - 58
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8199
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20261202.14
AB  - This study examined quality assurance in drone maintenance training as a foundation for sustainable workforce development in Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology education in polytechnics in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 253 respondents, comprising 181 Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers from eleven polytechnics and 72 industrial drone maintenance officers from drone-related industries in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Drone Maintenance Module Questionnaire (DMMQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts, while its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded an average reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent-samples t-test. A criterion mean of 3.50 was used to determine acceptance of the questionnaire items, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the quality assurance components were required for effective drone maintenance training, with grand mean scores of 4.00 for Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology lecturers and 4.04 for industrial drone maintenance officers. The identified drone maintenance competencies also received grand mean scores of 4.07 and 4.05, respectively. The independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two respondent groups for quality assurance components (t = .83, p = .408) and drone maintenance competencies (t = .40, p = .691). The study concludes that effective drone maintenance training requires a comprehensive quality assurance system encompassing relevant curriculum content, competent instructors, functional workshops, adequate tools and equipment, practical and competency-based training, appropriate assessment, industry collaboration, safety practices, regulatory compliance, and continuous programme improvement. It recommends phased and collaborative investment in training drones and diagnostic equipment, alongside stronger quality assurance mechanisms and industry linkages, to support employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and sustainable workforce development.
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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