Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress

Ai-Min Zhu; Qing-Xin Zhang; Xiao-Yan Du; Xian-Guo Wang; Yu-Xia Zhang; Guo-Dong Han; Bai-Ming Cong; Yong-Lei Tian

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

| Peer-Reviewed

Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress

Ai-Min Zhu, Qing-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yan Du, Xian-Guo Wang, Yu-Xia Zhang, Guo-Dong Han, Bai-Ming Cong, Yong-Lei Tian

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 27 July 2021 Accepted: 26 August 2021 Published: 31 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study explored the effect of sowing time on alfalfa overwintering and its mechanisms. Gongnong No. 1 alfalfa was sown on July 1, July 16, August 1 and August 15, 2017, and was not cut at the end of autumn. The soil temperature changes in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers were monitored during the overwintering period, and bare land was monitored as a control. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were observed at the end of autumn, and the overwintering survival rate was measured at the end of April 2018. Research shows that as the sowing delay increased, the alfalfa hay yield, plant height, root collar diameter and overwintering survival rate decreased gradually. The minimum temperature of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased as the sowing delay increased, and the diurnal temperature difference increased. Compared with that of alfalfa sown on August 15, the aboveground biomass of alfalfa sown on July 1 increased the average minimum temperature difference in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers by 3.12°C and 2.99°C, respectively, and reduce the average diurnal temperature difference by 3.33°C and 2.15°C. These results indicated that delaying alfalfa sowing reduces the cover on the field, which results in substantial differences in the minimum temperature and the diurnal temperature difference between the 10 and 20 cm soil layers. Our research has suggested that the minimum temperatures of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers and the increase in the diurnal temperature difference are important reasons for low overwintering survival rates in alfalfa. Therefore, sowing should occur in early July, and mowing should not be performed at the end of autumn in northern China.

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
Page(s)	214-223
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alfalfa, Overwintering Rate, Soil Temperature, Sowing Time

References

[1]	Hanson A. A., Barnes D. K., Hill R. R., Madison. (1988): Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Alfalfa & Alfalfa Improvement, 1988.
[2]	Justin, & James R. (1988): Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Soil Science, 146 (6), 469. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198812000-00012
[3]	Bertrand A., Castonguay Y. (2003): Plant adaptations to overwintering stresses and implications of climate change. Revue Canadienne De Botanique, 81: 1145-1152. https://doi.org/10.1139/b03-129
[4]	Volenec J. J., Ourry A., Joern B. C. (1996): A role for nitrogen reserves in forage regrowth and stress tolerance. Physiol Plant, 97: 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00496.x
[5]	Schwab P. M., Barnes D. K., Sheaffer C. C. (1996): The relationship between field winter injury and fall growth score for 251 alfalfa cultivars. Crop Science, 36: 418-426. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020034x
[6]	Wei Y. S., Lin Z. L., Zhou X. C., Ding S. R., Liu Y. C., Li F. (2017): Dynamic analysis on population growth and yield of mung bean affected by different sowing time in arid regions. Crops, 2: 109-113. https://doi.org/10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.019
[7]	Zhang C. Z., Gao M. W. (2014): A survey on overwinter rate of alfalfa crop in Aluhorqin Banner. Grassland and Prataculture, 26: 28-29. http://dx.chinadoi.cn/10.3969/j.issn.2095-5952.2014.01.008
[8]	Zhu A. M., Zhang Y. X., Wang X. G., Tian Y. L. (2018): Effects of autumn cutting on the non-structural carbon and nitrogen content in the root collar of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sin, 27: 86-96. https://doi.org/10.11686/cyxb2017116
[9]	Bélanger G., Rochette P., Castonguay Y., Bootsma A., Mongrain D., Ryan D. A. J (2002): Climate change and winter survival of perennial forage crops in Eastern Canada. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94: 1120-1130. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1120
[10]	Nan L. L., Shi S. L., Chen J. G., Zhu X. Q., Zhao W. H. (2011): Field evaluation of the response and resistance to low temperature of alfalfa root with different root types during over-wintering. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 19: 619-625. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.00619
[11]	Leep R., Andresen J., Jeranyama P. (2001): Fall dormancy and snow depth effects on winterkill of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal, 93: 1142-1148. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.9351142x
[12]	Xie C. J., Wang P., Chen J. (2019): Effects of different mulching satterns on soil moisture, temperature, and potato yield. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 50 (5): 1151-1158. https://doi.org/10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2019.05.20
[13]	Mashingsidze A. B., Chivinge O. A., Zishiri C. (1996): The effects of clear and blank mulch on soil temperature weed seed vailability seedling emergence, growth and yield of tomatoes. Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa, 2 (1): 6-14. https://doi.org/10.4314/jassa.v2i1.16871
[14]	Ramakrishna A., Tam H. M., Wani S. P., Long T. D. (2006): Effect of mulch on soil temperature, moisture, weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam. Field Crops Research, 95 (2-3): 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.030
[15]	Li P. C., Guo S. J., Li M., Su X. D., Wang Q. (2014): Effects of Different Insulation Materials for Covering Soil on Gobi Ground Grape Over-Wintering. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 53 (12): 2838-2840. https://doi.org/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.12.047
[16]	Liu G. B., Qiao R. F. (2005): The Primary report on the introduction and selection of alfalfa varieties in Hebei low land plain. J. Hebei Agricultural Science, 82-86. https://doi.org/10.16318/j.cnki.hbnykx.2005.01.023
[17]	Zhang R. H., Cai D. J., Zhu G. S., Wan J. P. (2005): Sowing time test of alfalfa varieties in Heilongjiang reclamation area. Modern Agriculture, 24-25. http://dx.chinadoi.cn/10.3969/j.issn.1001-0254.2005.03.013
[18]	Hou F. Q., Li G. (2004): Study on best sowing date of alfalfa in autumn. Pratacultural Science, 21: 26-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02873091
[19]	Tian Y. L., Wang X. G., Zhang Y. X., Zhang S. X., Jing Z., Cong B. M., Mu Z. J., Bai C. L. (2020): Effects of different sowing dates on alfalfa production performance and overwintering rate in sandy land. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 28 (02): 538-546. https://doi.org/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.02.030
[20]	Li R. L., Shen X. H., Jiang C., Li Z. M., Zheng H. Y., Feng P. (2016): Effects of snow cover on alfalfa over-wintering and turning green. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 38: 67-73+92. https://doi.org/10.16742/j.zgcdxb.2016-01-11
[21]	Yue Y. F., Wang X. Z., Miao F., Lu W. H., Ma C. H. (2016): Effects of snow cover thickness on cold resistance and winter survival rates in alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies. Acta Prataculturae Sin, 25: 98-106. https://doi.org/10.11686/cyxb2015474
[22]	Li W., Wang X. H., Zhao D. Z., Li G. M. (2002): Influence of different covering treatments on Medicago Sativa Capability of over wintering around Qinghai lake area. Qinghai Prataculture, 11: 14-15. http://dx.chinadoi.cn/10.3969/j.issn.1008-1445.2002.04.006
[23]	Wang S. Y., Wang J. Z., Song G. L. (2014): Study on the impact of artificial snow covering thickness on the growth of football turf in winter and spring. Grassland and Turf, 34: 39-48. https://doi.org/10.13817/j.cnki.cyycp.2014.05.008
[24]	Wang Y. T., Hu C. Y., Yang D. M., Zhang W. J., Zuo H. J. (2008) The influence of accumulated snow thickness on the turning green of the forage on Xilingol grassland. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 30: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1005.2008.01083
[25]	Walker J. M. (1969): One-degree increments in soil temperatures affect maize seedling behavior. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc, 33: 729-736. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300050031x

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ai-Min Zhu, Qing-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yan Du, Xian-Guo Wang, Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. (2021). Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(4), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ai-Min Zhu; Qing-Xin Zhang; Xiao-Yan Du; Xian-Guo Wang; Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. J. Plant Sci. 2021, 9(4), 214-223. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ai-Min Zhu, Qing-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yan Du, Xian-Guo Wang, Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. J Plant Sci. 2021;9(4):214-223. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22,
  author = {Ai-Min Zhu and Qing-Xin Zhang and Xiao-Yan Du and Xian-Guo Wang and Yu-Xia Zhang and Guo-Dong Han and Bai-Ming Cong and Yong-Lei Tian},
  title = {Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {214-223},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20210904.22},
  abstract = {This study explored the effect of sowing time on alfalfa overwintering and its mechanisms. Gongnong No. 1 alfalfa was sown on July 1, July 16, August 1 and August 15, 2017, and was not cut at the end of autumn. The soil temperature changes in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers were monitored during the overwintering period, and bare land was monitored as a control. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were observed at the end of autumn, and the overwintering survival rate was measured at the end of April 2018. Research shows that as the sowing delay increased, the alfalfa hay yield, plant height, root collar diameter and overwintering survival rate decreased gradually. The minimum temperature of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased as the sowing delay increased, and the diurnal temperature difference increased. Compared with that of alfalfa sown on August 15, the aboveground biomass of alfalfa sown on July 1 increased the average minimum temperature difference in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers by 3.12°C and 2.99°C, respectively, and reduce the average diurnal temperature difference by 3.33°C and 2.15°C. These results indicated that delaying alfalfa sowing reduces the cover on the field, which results in substantial differences in the minimum temperature and the diurnal temperature difference between the 10 and 20 cm soil layers. Our research has suggested that the minimum temperatures of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers and the increase in the diurnal temperature difference are important reasons for low overwintering survival rates in alfalfa. Therefore, sowing should occur in early July, and mowing should not be performed at the end of autumn in northern China.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress
AU  - Ai-Min Zhu
AU  - Qing-Xin Zhang
AU  - Xiao-Yan Du
AU  - Xian-Guo Wang
AU  - Yu-Xia Zhang
AU  - Guo-Dong Han
AU  - Bai-Ming Cong
AU  - Yong-Lei Tian
Y1  - 2021/08/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 214
EP  - 223
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
AB  - This study explored the effect of sowing time on alfalfa overwintering and its mechanisms. Gongnong No. 1 alfalfa was sown on July 1, July 16, August 1 and August 15, 2017, and was not cut at the end of autumn. The soil temperature changes in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers were monitored during the overwintering period, and bare land was monitored as a control. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were observed at the end of autumn, and the overwintering survival rate was measured at the end of April 2018. Research shows that as the sowing delay increased, the alfalfa hay yield, plant height, root collar diameter and overwintering survival rate decreased gradually. The minimum temperature of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased as the sowing delay increased, and the diurnal temperature difference increased. Compared with that of alfalfa sown on August 15, the aboveground biomass of alfalfa sown on July 1 increased the average minimum temperature difference in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers by 3.12°C and 2.99°C, respectively, and reduce the average diurnal temperature difference by 3.33°C and 2.15°C. These results indicated that delaying alfalfa sowing reduces the cover on the field, which results in substantial differences in the minimum temperature and the diurnal temperature difference between the 10 and 20 cm soil layers. Our research has suggested that the minimum temperatures of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers and the increase in the diurnal temperature difference are important reasons for low overwintering survival rates in alfalfa. Therefore, sowing should occur in early July, and mowing should not be performed at the end of autumn in northern China.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ai-Min Zhu

Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
Qing-Xin Zhang

Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
Xiao-Yan Du

Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
Xian-Guo Wang

College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Yu-Xia Zhang

Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
Guo-Dong Han

College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
Bai-Ming Cong

Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Tongliao Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tongliao, China
Yong-Lei Tian

Grassland Research Institute, Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ai-Min Zhu, Qing-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yan Du, Xian-Guo Wang, Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. (2021). Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(4), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ai-Min Zhu; Qing-Xin Zhang; Xiao-Yan Du; Xian-Guo Wang; Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. J. Plant Sci. 2021, 9(4), 214-223. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ai-Min Zhu, Qing-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Yan Du, Xian-Guo Wang, Yu-Xia Zhang, et al. Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress. J Plant Sci. 2021;9(4):214-223. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22,
  author = {Ai-Min Zhu and Qing-Xin Zhang and Xiao-Yan Du and Xian-Guo Wang and Yu-Xia Zhang and Guo-Dong Han and Bai-Ming Cong and Yong-Lei Tian},
  title = {Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {214-223},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20210904.22},
  abstract = {This study explored the effect of sowing time on alfalfa overwintering and its mechanisms. Gongnong No. 1 alfalfa was sown on July 1, July 16, August 1 and August 15, 2017, and was not cut at the end of autumn. The soil temperature changes in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers were monitored during the overwintering period, and bare land was monitored as a control. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were observed at the end of autumn, and the overwintering survival rate was measured at the end of April 2018. Research shows that as the sowing delay increased, the alfalfa hay yield, plant height, root collar diameter and overwintering survival rate decreased gradually. The minimum temperature of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased as the sowing delay increased, and the diurnal temperature difference increased. Compared with that of alfalfa sown on August 15, the aboveground biomass of alfalfa sown on July 1 increased the average minimum temperature difference in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers by 3.12°C and 2.99°C, respectively, and reduce the average diurnal temperature difference by 3.33°C and 2.15°C. These results indicated that delaying alfalfa sowing reduces the cover on the field, which results in substantial differences in the minimum temperature and the diurnal temperature difference between the 10 and 20 cm soil layers. Our research has suggested that the minimum temperatures of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers and the increase in the diurnal temperature difference are important reasons for low overwintering survival rates in alfalfa. Therefore, sowing should occur in early July, and mowing should not be performed at the end of autumn in northern China.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Delayed Sowing Dates Affected Alfalfa Overwintering Survival Rates by Reducing Soil Temperature Stress
AU  - Ai-Min Zhu
AU  - Qing-Xin Zhang
AU  - Xiao-Yan Du
AU  - Xian-Guo Wang
AU  - Yu-Xia Zhang
AU  - Guo-Dong Han
AU  - Bai-Ming Cong
AU  - Yong-Lei Tian
Y1  - 2021/08/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 214
EP  - 223
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210904.22
AB  - This study explored the effect of sowing time on alfalfa overwintering and its mechanisms. Gongnong No. 1 alfalfa was sown on July 1, July 16, August 1 and August 15, 2017, and was not cut at the end of autumn. The soil temperature changes in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers were monitored during the overwintering period, and bare land was monitored as a control. The growth characteristics of alfalfa were observed at the end of autumn, and the overwintering survival rate was measured at the end of April 2018. Research shows that as the sowing delay increased, the alfalfa hay yield, plant height, root collar diameter and overwintering survival rate decreased gradually. The minimum temperature of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased as the sowing delay increased, and the diurnal temperature difference increased. Compared with that of alfalfa sown on August 15, the aboveground biomass of alfalfa sown on July 1 increased the average minimum temperature difference in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers by 3.12°C and 2.99°C, respectively, and reduce the average diurnal temperature difference by 3.33°C and 2.15°C. These results indicated that delaying alfalfa sowing reduces the cover on the field, which results in substantial differences in the minimum temperature and the diurnal temperature difference between the 10 and 20 cm soil layers. Our research has suggested that the minimum temperatures of the 10 and 20 cm soil layers and the increase in the diurnal temperature difference are important reasons for low overwintering survival rates in alfalfa. Therefore, sowing should occur in early July, and mowing should not be performed at the end of autumn in northern China.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download