Wheat is a vital global cereal crop, but its productivity and nutritional quality are severely threatened by stripe rust, a devastating fungal disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. When genetic resistance in cultivars fails, fungicide application is critical for protecting yields. A study conducted at Khalsa College Amritsar (2022-24) evaluated the efficacy of various fungicides against stripe rust using a Randomized Block Design. Treatments were compared to a control (cultivar PBW-343) based on disease severity, the Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI), and yield parameters including grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Under artificial inoculation, Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) applied twice at 15-day intervals recorded the highest grain yield (49.41 q/ha) and 1000-grain weight (43.79 g), increasing yield by 60.95% over control. Custodia, Fusion Top, and Tilt followed, while Opera (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) showed the lowest efficacy (45.68 q/ha, 41.17 g). Nativo also had the lowest ACI (1.6%), compared to the control (54.34%). Other treatments-Custodia (2.4%), Fusion Top (4.65%), Tilt (8.4%), and Opera (11.6%) were statistically superior to control. Systemic fungicides like Custodia, Nativo, Tilt, Opera, and Fusion Top, with diverse modes of action (e.g., DMIs, QoIs), effectively suppressed the disease. These findings highlight their role in managing stripe rust and safeguarding wheat productivity.
| Published in | Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16 |
| Page(s) | 249-257 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
ACI, Stripe Rust, Systemic Fungicides, Wheat, Yield Attributes
| [1] | Zegeye F, Alamirew B and Tolossa D (2020) Analysis of wheat yield gap and variability in Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Economics 5(4): 89-98. |
| [2] | Tiwari A, Singh V, Singh S P, Dubey S and Singh V (2021) Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sodic soil 6: 12-17. |
| [3] | Kumar, S., Jacob, S. R., Mir, R. R., Vikas, V. K., Kulwal, P., Chandra, T., ... & Singh, K. (2022). Indian wheat genomics initiative for harnessing the potential of wheat germplasm resources for breeding disease-resistant, nutrient-dense, and climate-resilient cultivars. Frontiers in genetics, 13, 834366 |
| [4] | Zhao J, Luo Q, Deng H and Yan Y (2008) Opportunities and challenges of sustainable agricultural development in China. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363: 893-904 |
| [5] | Anonymous (2023-24) Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. |
| [6] | Majeed A and Muhammad Z (2018) Potato production in Pakistan: challenges and prospective management strategies–a review. Pakistan Journal of Botany 50: 2077-2084. |
| [7] | Prasad P, Bhardwaj SC, Thakur RK, Adhikari S, Gangwar OP, Lata C and Kumar S (2021) Prospects of climate change effects on crop diseases with particular reference to wheat. Journal of Cereal Research 13: 118-135 |
| [8] | Afzal F, Chaudhari SK, Gul A, Farooq A, Ali H, Nisar S and Mujeeb-Kazi A (2015) Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under biotic and abiotic stresses: An overview. Crop production and global environmental issues 293-317 |
| [9] | Park RF (2007) Stem rust of wheat in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 558−566 |
| [10] | Badar, R., Ahmed, A., Batool, S., Arshad, A., Shahin, A. A., Firdous, S., & Shafique, M. (2023) Puccinia triticina: wheat stripe (yellow) rust pathogen: a review. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 35(2): 473-480 |
| [11] | Singh R, Mahmoudpour A, Rajkumar M and Narayana R (2017) A review on stripe rust of wheat, its spread, identification and management at field level. Research on Crops 18: 528-533. |
| [12] | Line RF (2002) Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America: a retrospective historical review. Annual review of phytopathology 40(1): 75-118. |
| [13] | Chen XM (2005) Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on wheat. Canadian journal of plant pathology 27: 314-337 |
| [14] | Conner RL and Kuzyk AD (1988) Effectiveness of fungicides in controlling stripe rust, leaf rust and black point in soft white spring wheat. Candian Journal Plant Pathology 10: 321–326 |
| [15] | Sharma RC, Nazari K, Amanov A, Ziyaev Z and Jalilov AU (2016) Reduction of winter wheat yield losses caused by stripe rust through fungicide management. Journal of Phytopathology 164: 671-677 |
| [16] | Gomes C, Almeida A S, Coutinho J, Costa R, Pinheiro N, Coco J and Macas B (2018) Foliar fungicide application as management strategies to minimize the growing threat of yellow rust on wheat in Portugal. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 715-724 |
| [17] | Carmona M, Sautua F, Pérez-Hérnandez O and Reis EM (2020) Role of fungicide applications on the integrated management of wheat stripe rust Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 733 |
| [18] | Khanfri S, Boulif M and Lahlali R (2018) Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis): a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10(3): 410-423 |
| [19] | Chen XM and Kang ZS (2017) Introduction: history of research, symptoms, taxonomy of the pathogen, host range, distribution, and impact of stripe rust. |
| [20] | Wang Y, Yu C, Cheng Y, Yao F, Long L, Wu Y and Zheng Y (2021) Genome-wide association mapping reveals potential novel loci controlling stripe rust resistance in a Chinese wheat landrace diversity panel from the southern autumn-sown spring wheat zone. BMC Genomics 22: 1-15 |
| [21] | Chen XM, Evans CK, Sprott J and Liu YM (2018) Evaluation of foliar fungicide treatments for control of stripe rust on winter wheat in 2017. Plant Disease. Management Reports 12: CF073. |
| [22] | Cooper J and Dobson H (2007) The benefits of pesticides to mankind and the environment. Journal of Crop protection 26: 1337-1348 |
| [23] | Hailu D and Fininsa C (2007) Relationship between stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and grain quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the highlands of Bale, South-Eastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 5: 24-30. |
| [24] | Jindal MM, Sharma I and Bains NS (2012) Losses due to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis in different varieties of wheat. Journal of Cereal Research 4(2). |
| [25] | Poole NF and Arnaudin ME (2014) The role of fungicides for effective disease management in cereal crops. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 36(1): 1-11 |
| [26] | Peterson RF, Campbell AB and Hannah AE (1948) A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research 26: 496-500 |
| [27] | Sandhu R, Singh B, Dey T and Pandey MK (2021) Assessment of some Indian wheat genotypes and breeding lines for adult plant resistance (APR) against stripe rust. International Journal of Chemical Studies 9: 31-35 |
| [28] | Saari EE, Wilcoxson RD (1974) Plant disease situation of high yielding durum wheat in Asia and Africa, Annual Review. Phytopathology 2: 49-68 |
| [29] | Pathon AK, Park RF (2006). Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in European wheat cultivars. Euphytica 149: 327-342 |
| [30] | Ayele A, Chala A and Shikur E (2019) Effect of varieties, fungicides and application frequencies to wheat yellow rust disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) management in Arsi highlands of Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience 7(6): 113-122 |
| [31] | Gomez KA and Gomez AA (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John wiley & sons 9: 22-28. |
| [32] | Basandrai AK, Mehta A, Rathee VK, Basandrai D and Sharma BK (2020) Efficacy of fungicides in managing yellow rust of wheat. Journal of Cereal Research 12: 103-108. |
| [33] | Chen XM (2007) Challenges and solutions for stripe rust control in the United States. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 648-655 |
| [34] | Chen W, Wellings C, Chen X, Kang Z and Liu T (2014) Wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Molecular plant pathology 15(5): 433-446 |
| [35] | Ahamad S (2014) Fungicidal management of yellow rust diseases of wheat in Jammu. Research in Environment and Life Sciences 7(4): 319-322. |
| [36] | Selvakumar R, Madhumeeta Shekhawat PS, Verma RPS and Sharma I (2014) Management of stripe rust of barley using fungicides. Indian Phytopathology 67(2): 138-142. |
| [37] | Tadesse K, Amare A, Ayele B (2010) Effect of fungicide on the development of wheat stem rust and yield of wheat varieties in highlands of Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal 18(1): 23-33 |
| [38] | Wubishet A and Tamene M (2016) Verification and evaluation of fungicides efficacy against wheat rust diseases on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Highlands of Bale, South-eastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences 2(9): 35-40 |
| [39] | Viljanen-Rollinson SLH, Parkes RA, Armour T and Cromey MG (2002) Fungicide control of stripe rust in wheat: protection or eradication. The New Zealand Plant Protection 55: 336-340 |
| [40] | Tak PS, Pannu PPS and Kaur J (2021) Effect of foliar application of fungicides, neem extract and butter milk on yellow rust, plant growth and yield parameters of wheat. Agricultural Research Journal 58(2) |
| [41] | Rani P (2021) Evaluation of elite wheat germplasm for resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and its ma=ement (M.Sc Thesis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu). |
| [42] | Gebrel EE, Gad MA and Kishk AMS (2018) Effect of sowing dates on potential yield and rust resistance of some wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Production 9(4): 369-375 |
| [43] | Afzal SN, Haque MI, Ahmedani MS, Bashir S and Rattu AR (2007). Assessment of yield losses caused by Puccinia striiformis triggering stripe rust in the most common wheat varieties. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(6): 2127-2134. |
| [44] | Mueller D, Wise KA, Dufault NS, Bradley CA and Chilvers MI (2013) Fungicides for field crops. The American Phytopathololgical Society. |
| [45] | Joshi KD, Ullah G, Rehman AU, Javaid MM, Ahmad J, Hussain M, Pacheco A, Khalil IA and Baloch A (2017) Wheat yield response to foliar fungicide application against leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 7: 60-168 |
| [46] | FRAC (2018) Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) Code list 2018: fungicides sorted by mode of action (including FRAC code numbering). |
| [47] | Inoue K, Tsurumi T, Ishii H, Park P and Ikeda K (2012) Cytological evaluation of the effect of azoxystrobin and alternative oxidase inhibitors in Botrytis cinerea. FEMS microbiology letters, 326(1): 83-90 |
| [48] | Hewitt HG (1998) Strobilurins. Fungicides in Crop Protection. CAB International, New York, pp. 128-129. |
| [49] | Sisler HD, Ragsdale NN and Waterfield WF (1984) Biochemical aspects of the fungitoxic and growth regulatory action of fenarimol and other pyrimidin‐5‐ylmethanols. Pesticide science 15: 167- 76 |
| [50] | Baldwin BC and Wiggins TE (1984) Action of fungicidal triazoles of the diclobutrazol series on Ustilago maydis. Pesticide science 15: 156-66 |
| [51] | Dahmen H and Staub T (1992) Protective, curative, and eradicant activity of difenoconazole against Venturia inaequalis, Cercospora arachidicola, and Alternaria solani. Plant disease 76: 774-77 |
| [52] | Anonymous (2023) Package of practices for crops of Punjab (Rabi 2023-24). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. 4-20 pp. |
APA Style
Bhullar, M., Mahajan, S. (2025). Impact of Foliar Application of Systemic Fungicides on Yield Attributes and ACI Against Stripe Rust of Wheat. Journal of Plant Sciences, 13(6), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16
ACS Style
Bhullar, M.; Mahajan, S. Impact of Foliar Application of Systemic Fungicides on Yield Attributes and ACI Against Stripe Rust of Wheat. J. Plant Sci. 2025, 13(6), 249-257. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16,
author = {Muskan Bhullar and Seethiya Mahajan},
title = {Impact of Foliar Application of Systemic Fungicides on Yield Attributes and ACI Against Stripe Rust of Wheat},
journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {249-257},
doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20251306.16},
abstract = {Wheat is a vital global cereal crop, but its productivity and nutritional quality are severely threatened by stripe rust, a devastating fungal disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. When genetic resistance in cultivars fails, fungicide application is critical for protecting yields. A study conducted at Khalsa College Amritsar (2022-24) evaluated the efficacy of various fungicides against stripe rust using a Randomized Block Design. Treatments were compared to a control (cultivar PBW-343) based on disease severity, the Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI), and yield parameters including grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Under artificial inoculation, Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) applied twice at 15-day intervals recorded the highest grain yield (49.41 q/ha) and 1000-grain weight (43.79 g), increasing yield by 60.95% over control. Custodia, Fusion Top, and Tilt followed, while Opera (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) showed the lowest efficacy (45.68 q/ha, 41.17 g). Nativo also had the lowest ACI (1.6%), compared to the control (54.34%). Other treatments-Custodia (2.4%), Fusion Top (4.65%), Tilt (8.4%), and Opera (11.6%) were statistically superior to control. Systemic fungicides like Custodia, Nativo, Tilt, Opera, and Fusion Top, with diverse modes of action (e.g., DMIs, QoIs), effectively suppressed the disease. These findings highlight their role in managing stripe rust and safeguarding wheat productivity.},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Foliar Application of Systemic Fungicides on Yield Attributes and ACI Against Stripe Rust of Wheat AU - Muskan Bhullar AU - Seethiya Mahajan Y1 - 2025/12/31 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16 DO - 10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16 T2 - Journal of Plant Sciences JF - Journal of Plant Sciences JO - Journal of Plant Sciences SP - 249 EP - 257 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2331-0731 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251306.16 AB - Wheat is a vital global cereal crop, but its productivity and nutritional quality are severely threatened by stripe rust, a devastating fungal disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. When genetic resistance in cultivars fails, fungicide application is critical for protecting yields. A study conducted at Khalsa College Amritsar (2022-24) evaluated the efficacy of various fungicides against stripe rust using a Randomized Block Design. Treatments were compared to a control (cultivar PBW-343) based on disease severity, the Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI), and yield parameters including grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Under artificial inoculation, Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) applied twice at 15-day intervals recorded the highest grain yield (49.41 q/ha) and 1000-grain weight (43.79 g), increasing yield by 60.95% over control. Custodia, Fusion Top, and Tilt followed, while Opera (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) showed the lowest efficacy (45.68 q/ha, 41.17 g). Nativo also had the lowest ACI (1.6%), compared to the control (54.34%). Other treatments-Custodia (2.4%), Fusion Top (4.65%), Tilt (8.4%), and Opera (11.6%) were statistically superior to control. Systemic fungicides like Custodia, Nativo, Tilt, Opera, and Fusion Top, with diverse modes of action (e.g., DMIs, QoIs), effectively suppressed the disease. These findings highlight their role in managing stripe rust and safeguarding wheat productivity. VL - 13 IS - 6 ER -
Post Graduate Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India
Post Graduate Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India
Information