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Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia

Received: 25 October 2025     Accepted: 8 November 2025     Published: 24 December 2025
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Abstract

The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges west Harareghe zone, Chiro Ethiopia. The objectives include: two phases: first phases include the following objectives-to identify the causes and factors that are adversely affects rainwater harvesting; to evaluate the challenges prevent rainwater harvesting and its utilization; to recognize the success and an exemplary model of rainwater harvesting areas; to investigate the consequence impacts of the failure of rainwater harvesting and to identify the socio-economic and environmental effects of rainwater harvesting. second phases include: implementation of model RWH structures for crop production on farm land, for forest tree production on forest land and for livestock consumption and fodder production on pasture land, for wild animals consumption and rehabilitation of their habitat through keeping of livestock and wild animals ecosystem balance; to be monitoring and evaluating the project and then transferring to other areas having similar agro-climatic conditions, topography and soil types. Of all identification of soil textures similarity to before losses of transfer of economy to other areas. Random sampling techniques will be considered by taking 10% of the PA population for interview through their stratification of random sampling techniques based on the criteria stated under the methodology.

Published in Research and Innovation (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12
Page(s) 9-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Harvesting, Rainwater Harvesting, Challenges, Socio-economic, Model, Impacts, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

References
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[4] Beyisa M. etal., 2018. On Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of Onion Yield and Water Productivity under Irrigation in Melka Irrigation Scheme, Western Harareghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Sci. Dev. 2025, 6(3), 181-188.
[5] B. Lesikar, 2009. Rainwater Harvesting: System Planning. Texas Agri Life Extension Service. College Station, US, p13.
[6] Chapman C., 1991. A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production. Water Harvesting (AGL/MISC/17/91), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome, Italy, pp1-154.
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[8] Debelea M. etal. 2021. estimation of rainwater harvesting potential for emergency water demand in the era of COVID-19. The case of Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia. Elsevier, Mar 9; 3: 100077.
[9] Demeke A. B., 2003. Factors influencing the adoption of soil conservation practices north-western Ethiopia. Discussion paper, no. 7, institute of rural development university of Gottingen, D37073, pp1-40.
[10] EHC/ EPC, 2007/1999. Ethiopian population and housing census, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp1-116.
[11] Eysu, E. 2002. Farmers’ precipitation of soil fertility change and management. Soil science, Addis Ababa University Ethiopia, p1.
[12] FAO, 1991. Food agriculture organization of United Nations. Year book of the United Nations, UN-iLibrary,
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[14] FAO, 2005. Forest and water. a thematic study prepared in the framework of the global forest resource assessment, FAO Forestry paper 155, Oulanka National park, Finland pp1-5.
[15] FAO and ITPS, 2015. Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) – Main Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils.
[16] FAO, 2017. Family farming knowledge platform. The state of food and agriculture organization of United Nations. Leveraging food systems for inclusive rural transformation, available at
[17] FAO, n. d. Report on Historical Climate Baseline Statistics for East and West Harareghe. Ethiopia. Adaptation fund, world meteorological organization, FAO, vol. 2 east and west Harareghe Ethiopia pp12-40
[18] Hinkelmann K. and Kempthorne O., 2007. Design and Analysis of Experiments (2nd edu.). Introduction to Experimental Design, vol. 1, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, US America.
[19] Kumar E. K., 2002. Rainwater harvesting and conservation manual government of India consultancy services organization central public works department of Nirman Bhawan New Delhi, India, pp1.
[20] Musa H. and Bala A., 2021. Development of a Hydrological Model for Automation of Watershed Analysis. Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality, Nigeria, pp1-10.
[21] Negash, M. (2017). The needs for the meteorological information to plan agroforestry on steep slopes in Ethiopia. Land use planning department, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia available on
[22] Ouyang Y. and Parajuli B. P., 2013. Watershed-Scale Hydrological Modeling Methods and Applications. Available through the web site
[23] UN (United Nations), 2003. Harareghe Food Security hampered by long-term drought conditions and economic constraints. Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (UN-EUE), pp1-14.
[24] WFP (World Food Program), n. d. West Harareghe zone topmap.1470373-E39417E62D7A467DC1256F2D0047FFB6-wfp_eth0400, Windows photo Viewer, west Harareghe zone, Ethiopia p1.
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  • APA Style

    Ibro, M. A. (2025). Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia. Research and Innovation, 2(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12

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    ACS Style

    Ibro, M. A. Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia. Res. Innovation 2025, 2(1), 9-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12

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    AMA Style

    Ibro MA. Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia. Res Innovation. 2025;2(1):9-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12,
      author = {Mussa Abdula Ibro},
      title = {Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia},
      journal = {Research and Innovation},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ri.20260201.12},
      abstract = {The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges west Harareghe zone, Chiro Ethiopia. The objectives include: two phases: first phases include the following objectives-to identify the causes and factors that are adversely affects rainwater harvesting; to evaluate the challenges prevent rainwater harvesting and its utilization; to recognize the success and an exemplary model of rainwater harvesting areas; to investigate the consequence impacts of the failure of rainwater harvesting and to identify the socio-economic and environmental effects of rainwater harvesting. second phases include: implementation of model RWH structures for crop production on farm land, for forest tree production on forest land and for livestock consumption and fodder production on pasture land, for wild animals consumption and rehabilitation of their habitat through keeping of livestock and wild animals ecosystem balance; to be monitoring and evaluating the project and then transferring to other areas having similar agro-climatic conditions, topography and soil types. Of all identification of soil textures similarity to before losses of transfer of economy to other areas. Random sampling techniques will be considered by taking 10% of the PA population for interview through their stratification of random sampling techniques based on the criteria stated under the methodology.},
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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    AU  - Mussa Abdula Ibro
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    JO  - Research and Innovation
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12
    AB  - The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges west Harareghe zone, Chiro Ethiopia. The objectives include: two phases: first phases include the following objectives-to identify the causes and factors that are adversely affects rainwater harvesting; to evaluate the challenges prevent rainwater harvesting and its utilization; to recognize the success and an exemplary model of rainwater harvesting areas; to investigate the consequence impacts of the failure of rainwater harvesting and to identify the socio-economic and environmental effects of rainwater harvesting. second phases include: implementation of model RWH structures for crop production on farm land, for forest tree production on forest land and for livestock consumption and fodder production on pasture land, for wild animals consumption and rehabilitation of their habitat through keeping of livestock and wild animals ecosystem balance; to be monitoring and evaluating the project and then transferring to other areas having similar agro-climatic conditions, topography and soil types. Of all identification of soil textures similarity to before losses of transfer of economy to other areas. Random sampling techniques will be considered by taking 10% of the PA population for interview through their stratification of random sampling techniques based on the criteria stated under the methodology.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
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Author Information
  • Department of Soil Resource and Watershed Management, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia

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