Research Article
Soil Test Crop Response Based Phosphorus Calibration Study on Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District, East Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mekonnen Workineh*
,
Kasahun Kitila
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
4 November 2025
Accepted:
25 November 2025
Published:
20 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.11
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Views:
Abstract: Agricultural production and land productivity have been declining due to various factors, with unbalanced fertilizer application identified as a major cause. To address this issue, soil test-based crop response fertilizer recommendations offer an effective solution. An on-farm experiment was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district over three consecutive cropping seasons (2022-2024) to determine the optimum nitrogen (N) level, phosphorous critical level (Pc), and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf) for bread wheat production. In the first year, fifteen factorial treatments combining five nitrogen levels (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg/ha) and four phosphorus levels (0, 23, 46, and 92 kg/ha) were tested using a randomized complete block design with three replications on 9m² plots. Bread wheat variety Kingbird was used as the test crop. In the subsequent two years, the optimum nitrogen rate (46 kg/ha) identified in the first year was uniformly applied, while five phosphorus levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg/ha) were evaluated to determine phosphorus critical level and requirement factor. Grain yield data were analyzed using SAS statistical software with mean comparisons by LSD at p<0.05, and partial budget analysis was conducted using CIMMYT guidelines. Results showed significant differences among treatments, with the highest grain yield of 3296.5 kg/ha obtained from the combined application of 46 kg/ha N and 69 kg/ha P, while the control plot yielded 2330.2 kg/ha. The economically optimum nitrogen rate was 46 kg/ha, with phosphorus critical level and phosphorus requirement factor determined as 19.92 ppm and 2.38, respectively. These findings provide essential parameters for soil test-based fertilizer recommendations to enhance bread wheat productivity in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district.
Abstract: Agricultural production and land productivity have been declining due to various factors, with unbalanced fertilizer application identified as a major cause. To address this issue, soil test-based crop response fertilizer recommendations offer an effective solution. An on-farm experiment was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district over thre...
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Research Article
Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
9-22
Received:
25 October 2025
Accepted:
8 November 2025
Published:
24 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges west Harareghe zone, Chiro Ethiopia. The objectives include: two phases: first phases include the following objectives-to identify the causes and factors that are adversely affects rainwater harvesting; to evaluate the challenges prevent rainwater harvesting and its utilization; to recognize the success and an exemplary model of rainwater harvesting areas; to investigate the consequence impacts of the failure of rainwater harvesting and to identify the socio-economic and environmental effects of rainwater harvesting. second phases include: implementation of model RWH structures for crop production on farm land, for forest tree production on forest land and for livestock consumption and fodder production on pasture land, for wild animals consumption and rehabilitation of their habitat through keeping of livestock and wild animals ecosystem balance; to be monitoring and evaluating the project and then transferring to other areas having similar agro-climatic conditions, topography and soil types. Of all identification of soil textures similarity to before losses of transfer of economy to other areas. Random sampling techniques will be considered by taking 10% of the PA population for interview through their stratification of random sampling techniques based on the criteria stated under the methodology.
Abstract: The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges ...
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