Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou

Kai Chen; Xi Chen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

Research Article |

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Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou

Kai Chen^*, Xi Chen

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 6)

Received: 6 August 2026 Accepted: 26 October 2026 Published: 10 November 2026

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Abstract

Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among 300 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the urban areas of Taizhou, in order to characterize the distribution of major constitution types in this age group and identify their influencing factors. Methods: A standardized TCM constitution questionnaire was administered, and analyses of different constitution types were conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The balanced constitution (pinghe zhi) was the predominant constitution type. Among the abnormal constitution types, qi-deficiency constitution (predominantly in females), damp-heat constitution (predominantly in males), and qi-stagnation constitution (in both sexes) were relatively prominent. Conclusion: Integrating Chinese and Western medical theories with the physical and psychological developmental characteristics of adolescents, the causes underlying the aforementioned constitution types were explored. A multidimensional and multi-perspective analysis and improvement were proposed, and comprehensive recommendations for enhancing the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents were put forward, thereby providing additional clinical evidence for the concept of preventive treatment of disease.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11
Page(s)	390-394
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urban Areas, Adolescents, TCM Constitution, Balance Dconstitution, Qi-deficiency Constitution, Dampness-Heat Constitution, Qi-Stagnation Constitution

1．引言

青少年时期是人体身体发育、心理成熟的关键阶段，青少年健康状况会影响国家将来人口身体和心理的质量。中医体质学说是从中医药角度研究人体特征、体质类型、心理状况与健康、疾病关系的学说^[1,2,3]。辨识青少年的中医体质类型，对于实施青少年个体化健康干预、治未病及促进健康成长具有重要意义。本研究聚焦于台州城镇地区（台州市椒江区共计2所中学）12-14岁青少年，分析体质类型特点，探讨相关影响因素，旨在为制定具有本地区针对性的青少年健康促进策略提供依据，切实做好“一老一小”工作。

2．对象与方法

2.1．研究对象

采用随机抽样方法，从台州市城镇地区普通中学随机抽取12-14岁在校学生作为调查对象。

2.2．样本量

本研究共发放问卷320份，回收有效问卷300份，有效回收率为93.75%。其中男性152人（50.7%），女性148人（49.3%），平均年龄（13.2±0.8）岁。

2.3．纳入标准

年龄在12-14周岁之间的学龄青少年；

长期居住于城镇地区；

智力和发育均正常；

知情同意，在家长监督下自愿参与本研究。

2.4 排除标准

患有慢性病、严重器质性疾病或精神疾病者；

近两周内有急性感染或外伤者；

问卷填写不完整或逻辑错误者；

监护人不同意者。

3．研究方法

3.1．调查工具

参考中华中医药学会发布的《中医体质分类与判定》

[4]

和《儿童体质中医分型与判定标准》

[5]

，制定“中医体质量表”，进行体质辨识分析，由经过统一培训的调查员指导被试者填写。

3.2．体质判定

依据标准计分方法，计算各体质类型的原始分与转化分，并根据得分最高的1-2种偏颇体质进行判定。

3.3．统计分析

采用SPSS25.0软件进行数据处理。计量资料以（x±s）表示，计数资料以例数（百分比）描述。不同性别间体质类型分布的差异比较采用卡方检验（χ²检验）。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

4．结果

中医体质类型总体分布，9种体质类型检出量与检出率如下表所示（部分个体兼夹两种或以上偏颇体质在此不多赘述）。

表1台州市城镇地区青少年9种体质类型检出量与检出率比较表。

体质类型	男性（n=152）	男性比例（%）	女性（n=148）	女性比例（%）
平和质	142	93.42	141	95.27
气郁质	11	7.24	13	8.78
气虚质	8	5.26	22	14.86
湿热质	15	9.87	8	5.41
痰湿质	9	5.92	5	3.38
阴虚质	3	1.97	10	6.76
特禀质	3	1.97	6	4.05
阳虚质	5	3.29	4	2.70
血瘀质	1	0.66	2	1.35

注：不同性别青少年在气虚质、湿热质和阴虚质类型分布上存在显著差异（P<0.05），8种偏颇体质类型同性别间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）

5．结论与分析

5.1．本研究发现

12-14岁城镇青少年中平和质为主者占比仍为最高（283人，94.33%），原因可能如下：青少年时期新陈代谢旺盛，免疫系统、内分泌系统及神经系统处于活跃而相对平衡的发育期，机体新陈代谢旺盛，免疫功能逐渐完善，各系统器官功能处于快速发展和协调阶段，生理机能整体处于相对平衡状态。

青少年对应于中医“纯阳”之体，生机蓬勃，发育迅速，脏腑功能处于由稚嫩向成熟转化的旺盛阶段。城镇地区相对完善的医疗卫生条件、营养保障和健康知识普及，为青少年维持良好的生理平衡奠定了基础，故是为后天喂养得当，作息规律，心态积极，机体易于保持“阴平阳秘”的平和状态。

12-14岁处于青春早期，虽然开始经历身心剧变，但多数严重的身心健康问题（如慢性病、严重心理障碍）尚未进入高发期

[6]

，该年龄段尚未形成长期固定的不良生活习惯，受外界环境因素影响相对较小，且先天禀赋的优势在这一时期得以较好展现，学校常规的体育活动和相对简单的社会角色，也有利于维持基础健康状态。

所以这些因素为早期干预青少年体质提供了相对可控的时间窗口。

5.2．主要偏颇体质类型（排名前3位）及形成原因分析

5.2.1．气虚质

气虚质以元气不足、易疲乏、气短、自汗等为主要特征，也是青少年主要偏颇体质之一，本次调查发现兼夹气虚体质者有30人，占总人数10%。男女在气虚质分布上存在统计学显著差异，在同性别比例中，女性气虚22人（14.86%）显著高于男性8人（5.26%）。

本研究显示气虚质在女性青少年中更为多见。青春期女性生长发育突增期一般早于男性，快速生长对能量和营养物质需求量大

[7]

，若供应或吸收不佳，易导致功能相对不足的状态。

“气”是维持生命活动的动力

[8]

。女性青少年在生理上经历月经初潮，周期性失血，若调摄不当，易致气血耗损；部分女孩为追求苗条而节食，导致后天水谷精微化生不足，气血生化乏源；加之学习压力逐渐加重，思虑耗伤气血。青春期女性铁需求增加，若摄入不足易发生缺铁性贫血，表现为疲劳、乏力、注意力下降等症状，与中医气血亏虚证候相契合。

此外，女性肌肉比例相对较低，基础代谢率与心肺功能峰值通常低于同龄男性，在同等活动强度下可能更易感到疲劳。

5.2.2．湿热质

湿热质以面垢油光、口苦苔黄腻、痤疮头皮屑增多、大便黏滞等为特征。虽然男性湿热15人（9.87%）明显高于女性8人（5.41%）无明显统计学意义，但仍表现男性多于女性，应值得重视。

青春期男性阳气升发旺盛，易致湿热内蕴

[9]

。男性属阳，阳热体质基础可能使其更易表现出湿热偏盛。青春期雄激素水平升高刺激皮脂腺分泌旺盛，是痤疮、头皮屑发生的主要生理基础。高热量、高糖、高脂的饮食结构会加剧胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）的分泌，而青春期开始后IGF-1迅速增长，其平均水平与儿童期相比可增长>5倍

[10]

，进一步促进皮脂腺增生和皮脂分泌，并可能引发皮肤轻度慢性炎症状态（痤疮男女青少年均会发生），这些都与湿热质的表象和内涵有相通之处。

男性青少年活动量大，出汗多，若饮水不足或喜饮甜腻饮料，不利于代谢废物排出。部分男孩饮食自控能力较差，偏好油腻、辛辣、烧烤类食物，且体育活动形式可能更偏向爆发性运动，静息时久坐玩游戏等时间长，形成“动则大汗、静则久坐”不均衡状态，易酿生湿热。

5.2.3．气郁质

气郁质以情绪低落、紧张焦虑、敏感多疑、喜叹息为特征。值得注意的是本研究中男女生气郁质共计24人，占总人数比例为8.0%，在偏颇体质中位居前列。

中医认为，肝主疏泄，调畅气机与情志。青少年时期，学习压力较大，城镇青少年面临激烈的学业竞争和升学压力，长时间、高强度脑力劳动，睡眠不足，易导致精神紧张，气机不畅

[11]

；人际交往在增加，青春期自我意识增强，重视同伴评价，人际关系敏感，容易因友谊波动、社交排斥等问题产生孤独、抑郁情绪；父母过高期望、家庭关系紧张、亲子沟通不畅等，是青少年气郁体质形成的重要环境因素；网络影响，过度使用社交媒体，在虚拟世界与现实世界中自我认同的冲突，也可能加剧情绪困扰；城镇少年基本学校家庭二点一线，发泄渠道缺少。这些因素都是导致气机郁滞的原因。

青少年处于“肝气未充”而情志易变的阶段，学业压力、人际困扰等易导致肝失疏泄，气机郁滞。有研究显示青少年体质健康和心理健康之间的有正向相关性

[12]

，青春期大脑边缘系统和前额叶皮层发育不同步，大脑发育不完全，易导致情绪调节能力不稳定，对压力更为敏感，是焦虑、抑郁情绪易发的生理基础。

5.3．值得注意的问题

在男生和女生群体内部，各种主要偏颇体质类型（气虚、湿热、气郁）的占比不同，不同体质类型的分布不均匀，存在主要集中在气虚、湿热、气郁的趋势。这与前面分析的情况基本一致。

6．讨论

本研究显示，台州城镇地区12-14岁青少年体质以平和质为主，反映了该地区该群体健康的基本面良好。然而，气虚质（女多）、湿热质（男多）和气郁质（男女均有）等偏颇体质也占有相当比例，是健康干预的重点人群。

台州地区地处地处浙江省东南沿海地带，属于亚热带海洋气候。青少年体质类型的形成与青春期的生理特点、学习生活环境、饮食行为及心理压力密切相关，这也体现了体质形成与内因（个体因素）、外因（气候、地域因素）影响密不可分，所以个体体质的形成和稳定是一个相对长的过程

[13]

，提升青少年身心素质是一项系统并且长期的工程。

有学者提出，中国青少年心理健康状况欠佳，肌肉力量水平与心理健康状态呈正相关

[14]

，所以改善和提升我国城镇青少年身体和心理健康水平，应该在青少年体质改善、生理保健和心理健康等各方面多管齐下：如推广中医“治未病”理念，在学校开展中医体质辨识科普；“因人制宜”针对不同体质开展不同体育健康保健、心理健康保健、生理卫生健康保健等养生方法；缓解学习与压力，改进教育评价体系和日常体育活动方式；建立家庭沟通保障，高质量亲子陪伴与沟通；针对不同体质类型进行不同饮食搭配等方面。

值得提出的是，保持健康的关键是合理膳食和科学运动，超重、肥胖和盲目减轻体重都不利于健康

[15]

。“少年强则国兴旺”，所以针对青少年健康成长需要融合中西医健康智慧，从个人、家庭、学校和社会多层面协同发力，实施个性化的健康促进和干预措施，彻底关注“一老一小”健康，方能有效护航青少年健康成长。

致谢

本文为浙江省台州市社科基金一般项目：《台州城镇地区超重状态青少年中医体质类型调查及干预治疗的研究》（项目编号：25ywb120）的阶段性成果之一。

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Chen, K., Chen, X. (2026). Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Science Research, 14(6), 390-394. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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Chen, K.; Chen, X. Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(6), 390-394. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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Chen K, Chen X. Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Sci Res. 2026;14(6):390-394. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11,
  author = {Kai Chen and Xi Chen},
  title = {Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {390-394},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261406.11},
  abstract = {Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among 300 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the urban areas of Taizhou, in order to characterize the distribution of major constitution types in this age group and identify their influencing factors. Methods: A standardized TCM constitution questionnaire was administered, and analyses of different constitution types were conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The balanced constitution (pinghe zhi) was the predominant constitution type. Among the abnormal constitution types, qi-deficiency constitution (predominantly in females), damp-heat constitution (predominantly in males), and qi-stagnation constitution (in both sexes) were relatively prominent. Conclusion: Integrating Chinese and Western medical theories with the physical and psychological developmental characteristics of adolescents, the causes underlying the aforementioned constitution types were explored. A multidimensional and multi-perspective analysis and improvement were proposed, and comprehensive recommendations for enhancing the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents were put forward, thereby providing additional clinical evidence for the concept of preventive treatment of disease.},
 year = {2026}
}

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SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11
AB  - Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among 300 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the urban areas of Taizhou, in order to characterize the distribution of major constitution types in this age group and identify their influencing factors. Methods: A standardized TCM constitution questionnaire was administered, and analyses of different constitution types were conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The balanced constitution (pinghe zhi) was the predominant constitution type. Among the abnormal constitution types, qi-deficiency constitution (predominantly in females), damp-heat constitution (predominantly in males), and qi-stagnation constitution (in both sexes) were relatively prominent. Conclusion: Integrating Chinese and Western medical theories with the physical and psychological developmental characteristics of adolescents, the causes underlying the aforementioned constitution types were explored. A multidimensional and multi-perspective analysis and improvement were proposed, and comprehensive recommendations for enhancing the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents were put forward, thereby providing additional clinical evidence for the concept of preventive treatment of disease.
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Kai Chen

Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China

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Xi Chen

Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8594-0328

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Table 1

表1台州市城镇地区青少年9种体质类型检出量与检出率比较表。

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APA Style

Chen, K., Chen, X. (2026). Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Science Research, 14(6), 390-394. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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ACS Style

Chen, K.; Chen, X. Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(6), 390-394. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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AMA Style

Chen K, Chen X. Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou. Sci Res. 2026;14(6):390-394. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11,
  author = {Kai Chen and Xi Chen},
  title = {Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {390-394},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261406.11},
  abstract = {Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among 300 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the urban areas of Taizhou, in order to characterize the distribution of major constitution types in this age group and identify their influencing factors. Methods: A standardized TCM constitution questionnaire was administered, and analyses of different constitution types were conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The balanced constitution (pinghe zhi) was the predominant constitution type. Among the abnormal constitution types, qi-deficiency constitution (predominantly in females), damp-heat constitution (predominantly in males), and qi-stagnation constitution (in both sexes) were relatively prominent. Conclusion: Integrating Chinese and Western medical theories with the physical and psychological developmental characteristics of adolescents, the causes underlying the aforementioned constitution types were explored. A multidimensional and multi-perspective analysis and improvement were proposed, and comprehensive recommendations for enhancing the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents were put forward, thereby providing additional clinical evidence for the concept of preventive treatment of disease.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation, Analysis, and Counter Measures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types Among 12-14 Years Old Adolescents in Urban Areas of Taizhou
AU  - Kai Chen
AU  - Xi Chen
Y1  - 2026/11/10
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 390
EP  - 394
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261406.11
AB  - Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among 300 adolescents aged 12–14 years in the urban areas of Taizhou, in order to characterize the distribution of major constitution types in this age group and identify their influencing factors. Methods: A standardized TCM constitution questionnaire was administered, and analyses of different constitution types were conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The balanced constitution (pinghe zhi) was the predominant constitution type. Among the abnormal constitution types, qi-deficiency constitution (predominantly in females), damp-heat constitution (predominantly in males), and qi-stagnation constitution (in both sexes) were relatively prominent. Conclusion: Integrating Chinese and Western medical theories with the physical and psychological developmental characteristics of adolescents, the causes underlying the aforementioned constitution types were explored. A multidimensional and multi-perspective analysis and improvement were proposed, and comprehensive recommendations for enhancing the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents were put forward, thereby providing additional clinical evidence for the concept of preventive treatment of disease.
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download