Research Article
Chemical Exposure and Health Toxicity in Intaglio Printmaking: Assessing Health Risks and Recommending Mitigation Strategies
Nihar Ronjon Singha*
,
Saimum Islam Rafi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
1 April 2026
Accepted:
15 April 2026
Published:
24 April 2026
Abstract: Printmaking blends artistic creativity with scientific technique, but traditional intaglio relies on hazardous chemicals that threaten human health and the environment. This research examines the chemical reactions, safety risks, and long-term health effects of substances used in intaglio practice, highlighting the need for safer, scientifically informed artistic methods. The research is mixed-method based, employing laboratory studies, field data and questioners from practitioners of printmaking (n=115) from different countries. The paper uncovers that one of the greatest concerns in printmaking studios is exposure to these chemicals, the safety in which is frequently poorly adhered to. This study analyzed the chemical reactions those are happened during intaglio printmaking process and explore the threats and effects of Nitric Acid (HNO3), Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4), Ferric Chloride (FeCl3), and Copper Sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) and the supplementary components on human health of these chemicals. Meanwhile, survey data with participants’ opinions are also mentioned here, where large numbers of participants agree with the hazardous health issues and widely support this content. The study further proposes mitigation approaches, including the adoption of less toxic substitutes, improved ventilation systems, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and raised awareness through safety training. By addressing these concerns, the research aims to endorse safer and more sustainable printmaking practices. This study examined chemical exposure and associated health toxicity among practitioners of intaglio printmaking, integrating occupational exposure data, reported health outcomes, and workplace observations to assess risk.
Abstract: Printmaking blends artistic creativity with scientific technique, but traditional intaglio relies on hazardous chemicals that threaten human health and the environment. This research examines the chemical reactions, safety risks, and long-term health effects of substances used in intaglio practice, highlighting the need for safer, scientifically in...
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Research Article
Green Chemistry Practices and Environmental Sustainability: A Quantitative Assessment of Pollution Reduction Outcomes
Phina Chinelo Ezeagwu,
Adesegun Nurudeen Osijirin*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
9-18
Received:
23 March 2026
Accepted:
31 March 2026
Published:
24 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20261001.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Environmental pollution remains a persistent global concern driven by unsustainable industrial and chemical practices. This study examines the relationship between green chemistry practices and environmental sustainability using a quantitative approach. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted, with data obtained from 162 professionals across chemical industries, laboratories, and environmental agencies. Green chemistry practices were measured through waste minimisation, renewable feedstock utilisation, energy efficiency, and safer solvent adoption, while environmental sustainability was assessed using indicators of air quality, water quality, and soil integrity. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The results indicate a strong positive association between green chemistry practices and environmental sustainability (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). The regression model shows that green chemistry practices account for 61% of the variation in environmental sustainability (R² = 0.61, p < 0.05), with energy efficiency emerging as the most influential predictor. Waste minimisation, renewable feedstocks, and safer solvents also contributed positively. The findings provide empirical support for Pollution Prevention Theory and Circular Economy Theory, highlighting the value of proactive and resource-conscious approaches in environmental management. The study recommends the integration of green chemistry principles into industrial processes and policy frameworks to support sustainable development.
Abstract: Environmental pollution remains a persistent global concern driven by unsustainable industrial and chemical practices. This study examines the relationship between green chemistry practices and environmental sustainability using a quantitative approach. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted, with data obtained from 162 professionals ac...
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