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Assessment of Soil Carbon Stock Status of Sekelemariam Dry Evergreen Montane Forest Along Altitudinal Gradient: Implication for Climate Change Mitigation
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
11 August 2020
Accepted:
7 September 2020
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted in Sekelemariam Dry Evergreen Montane Forest which is situated within 37° 27' and 37° 30' east, and 10° 34' and 10° 36' north, near Dembecha Town in west Gojam Zone, North Western Ethiopia. It is characterized by steeply sloped areas with huge Rocky Mountains extended throughout the middle parts of the forest. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil carbon stock potential of the forest. A systematic transect sampling technique was adopted in this study and following these transects plots of 1mx1m (1m2) data was taken from the field. The carbon stock density of soil organic carbon was calculated from the volume and bulk density of the soil as V = h× r2. The data analysis was conducted using Microsoft excel sheet used as platform in carbon calculations, and SPSS software version 20 to determine the impact of altitude gradient and slope factors on soil carbon stock potential and to compare the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The carbon stock of the SOC showed increasing trend with increasing elevation. In contrast to the elevation, the forest soil carbon stock decreases as increasing slope gradient. Soil laboratory analysis was conducted in Holeta Agricultural Research center to determine the soil organic carbon density and was estimated to be101.56 ± 3.66 t C ha-1. All in all, this study gives estimation of the soil carbon stock in Sekelemariam State Forest.
Abstract: This study was conducted in Sekelemariam Dry Evergreen Montane Forest which is situated within 37° 27' and 37° 30' east, and 10° 34' and 10° 36' north, near Dembecha Town in west Gojam Zone, North Western Ethiopia. It is characterized by steeply sloped areas with huge Rocky Mountains extended throughout the middle parts of the forest. The aim of th...
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Steady State Testing of an Organic Rankine Cycle Designed for Exhaust Heat Recovery Applications in Truck Engines
Thaddaeus Julius,
Tanimu Kogi Ibrahim,
Ezeaku Ikeokwu Innocent,
Apostolos Pesyridis,
Ahmed Mohammed,
Fuhaid Aziz Alshammari
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
7-12
Received:
28 December 2020
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: The transport sector is presently accountable for 1/4 of total greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere, with road transportation depicting 17.8% of the total transport emissions contributing to global warming's growing threats caused by the continuous release of exhausting gases from internal combustion engines (ICEs). These exhaust threats call for improved sustainable ways of deploying fossil fuel in an environmentally friendly manner. Many sustainable solutions have been suggested recently with others already in the market; however, another promising sustainable solution is the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) application on-board automobiles, which is still developing stage with the prospect of entering the market soon. This paper presents the results from the thermal performance testing of an ORC system coupled to a commercial truck engine for exhaust heat recovery, which otherwise is exhausted to the environment causing pollution and other environmental threats. The test was performed to complement a study on the potential viability of installing an ORC based exhaust heat recovery (EHR) system on-board highway trucks for improving the truck's thermal performance without added fuel consumption. The testing carried out at 40% of rated load, and 1700rpm engine speed achieved 4.22kW, 3.67kW, and 5.28% for peak power output, net power output, and cycle thermal efficiency of the ORC model, respectively. These results imply that installing the ORC system on-board long-haul trucks for exhaust heat recovery has a promising future.
Abstract: The transport sector is presently accountable for 1/4 of total greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere, with road transportation depicting 17.8% of the total transport emissions contributing to global warming's growing threats caused by the continuous release of exhausting gases from internal combustion engines (ICEs). These exhaust threats call ...
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Militating Factors Against the Practice of Green Building as a New Paradigm in Construction Projects
Nkeleme Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu,
Nwabueze Micheal Anosike,
Achigbu Onyemaeze Ikenna,
Ukwunna Okechukwu Chidiebere
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
13-18
Received:
5 January 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2021
Published:
28 January 2021
Abstract: The green construction techniques is a relatively new building philosophy with an unprecedented opportunity to in the global carbon reduction targets as well as pushing the application of more environmentally friendly materials, strategies of saving resources, lower waste production, and the improvement of indoor environmental quality, among others. However, this technique is faced with many pullbacks especially in Nigeria. Hence, the paper sought to assess the militating factors against the practice of green building as a new paradigm in construction projects. The research implored the combination of a quantitative and qualitative approach. The focus was on the buildings within FUTO with more concentration of new buildings constructed between 2012 and 2017. The primary data was obtained through observations and by administering questionnaires to lecturers familiar with the design, construction and management of the buildings. For quantitative method, parameters that define green construction with a range of variables from minimal to complete incorporation of the elements, determined the degree of conformity. The result from the research revealed that, to a ‘Great extent’, lack of enforcement and limited research were the greatest militating factor facing practitioners in the adoption of green building concept with these two factors having relative importance index (RII) of 0.81 and 0.79 respectively. Lack of awareness (0.63) was a moderate challenge practitioners faced in the adoption of the concepts. The research recommends that suitable policy, structure and consequence be put in place to enforce green building concept as well as opportunity for continuous research in this field.
Abstract: The green construction techniques is a relatively new building philosophy with an unprecedented opportunity to in the global carbon reduction targets as well as pushing the application of more environmentally friendly materials, strategies of saving resources, lower waste production, and the improvement of indoor environmental quality, among others...
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Prospects and Constraints to Attaining Universal Access to Modern Energy in Malawi: A Review
Hope Baxter Chamdimba,
Gad Reuben Mugagga,
Elias Ako
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
19-27
Received:
3 February 2021
Accepted:
10 February 2021
Published:
26 February 2021
Abstract: The Malawi Government regards energy as a life blood of the economy and as such a number of national policy documents have emphasized energy as one of the national priority areas that demand urgent intervention by the government and stakeholders. There is also a consensus that ensuring universal access to modern energy in an energy deficit country will also help improve living standards of people in line with national and global goals. Through a 2018 National Energy Policy, Malawi effectively domesticated the Sustainable Development Goal Seven and the Sustainable Energy for All objectives which among others seek to ensure universal access to modern energy by the year 2030. However, now in the last decade of the 2030 agenda, the country is not yet on the path to achieving the universal access to energy goal despite of having numerous opportunities for reversing the energy poverty trends. Doing a post-mortem is of essence in order to determine prospects and constraints to achievement of the national energy goals and objectives regarding universal access to modern energy. Therefore, this paper seeks to discuss the status of energy access to modern energy in the country, the prospects and constraints in relation to energy policy, regulatory environment, institutional capacity, energy resource, capital investment, technology and human resource.
Abstract: The Malawi Government regards energy as a life blood of the economy and as such a number of national policy documents have emphasized energy as one of the national priority areas that demand urgent intervention by the government and stakeholders. There is also a consensus that ensuring universal access to modern energy in an energy deficit country ...
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Development of an Automated Stand for Measuring the Thermal Characteristics of Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors
Yodgor Аkbarovich Yusupov,
Оybek Hamdamovich Оtaqulov,
Sirojiddin Fayozovich Ergashev,
Аkmal Аhmadaliyevich Kuchkarov
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
28-31
Received:
4 March 2021
Accepted:
19 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: In the manufacture, assembly, testing and operation of solar power plants, one has to deal with a wide variety of control and measuring operations, as well as means of control and measurement of physical quantities. Analysis of methods and means of control of solar parabolic trough installations showed that they are numerous and time consuming. This requires the development of modern automated systems for measuring, recording and processing the results of the energy characteristics of solar installations. This article describes an automated stand for measuring the thermal and energy characteristics of solar parabolic trough collectors. The developed experimental setup consists of a parabolic trough collector, a measuring tank, a converter, a meter, a level gauge, temperature sensors and electric valves. Consumption (energy generated) is measured with a graduated water tank. By measuring the volume of water and the temperature passed through the solar collector, you can estimate its efficiency. Several portions of heated water are collected in the measuring tank, depending on the intensity of the heating process. As the graduated tank fills, the digital output level gauge opens the electrical drain valve. On the basis of statistical processing of experimental data, the energy characteristics of the solar parabolic trough installation are determined.
Abstract: In the manufacture, assembly, testing and operation of solar power plants, one has to deal with a wide variety of control and measuring operations, as well as means of control and measurement of physical quantities. Analysis of methods and means of control of solar parabolic trough installations showed that they are numerous and time consuming. Thi...
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