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Contribution to the Geothermal Exploration of Eburru Field
Lokata Ediho Patrick,
Mantuila Tadila Erick,
Musolo Tawanda Emile
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-9
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
30 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: With the increasing global demand for clean energy, the use of geothermal energy is expected to increase in the future. The East African countries, especially those crossed by the East African Rift System, have a significant potential in geothermal energy. This paper comes therefore to bring a contribution in the exploration of this clean energy in Africa especially in the region of Eburru in Kenya. Eburru is one of the geothermal fields in Kenya, with the estimated capacity of around 250Mwe. This paper presents the results and interpretations of the processing and the analysis of some geophysical survey data especially gravity, geochemical data and geological data acquired during our field survey. For the geology studies, a geological map showing structures trending in North-South direction and also several geothermal manifestations like fumaroles, hot ground and craters were mapped. From the geophysical studies, a heat source located at 1500 meters below masl and the reservoir is estimated between 1000 above masl to 1000 below masl. The cap rock of this prospect is between 1000 to 2000 meters above masl and the density increases from the West to the East of the prospect. The interpretation of the fluids geothermometers gave the calculated temperature between 255-270 Celsius degree. By combining and interpreting the different results obtained, we found that the Eburru, with the reservoir temperatures ranged between 255-270°C, has the potential to provide geothermal energy for various utilization.
Abstract: With the increasing global demand for clean energy, the use of geothermal energy is expected to increase in the future. The East African countries, especially those crossed by the East African Rift System, have a significant potential in geothermal energy. This paper comes therefore to bring a contribution in the exploration of this clean energy in...
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Assessment of the Potential Adoption of Liquified Petroleum Gas for Cooking in Urban Households and Institutions of Malawi
Admore Chiumia,
Adamson Thengolose,
David Tembo
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
10-22
Received:
7 January 2022
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: More than 96% of Malawians relied on wood fuels for cooking and heating in 2018. About 4 million people now use charcoal for cooking in urban areas; resulting in environmental degradation, loss of forests resulting in increased run off, siltation of rivers and depletion of water resources in lakes and rivers in Malawi. This study assessed the potential adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel to charcoal and firewood. A total of 1200 households in three cities were interviewed. Laboratory tests showed LPG as the most efficient cooking fuel tested among electricity, charcoal and firewood. Thermal efficiencies were recorded as LPG 68.1%, electricity 56.2%, Improved Firewood Stove 25.3%, and Improved Charcoal Stove 23.2%. Surveys conducted found that institutions used multiple cooking fuels depending on factors such as availability and cost. While electricity was the most preferred cooking fuel by institutions (54.5%), LPG was reported as back-up fuel for 100% of the institutions surveyed. LPG is perceived as an affordable fuel option by 26.3% of the institutions surveyed. At the household level, LPG-users reported benefits of efficiency (39%); reliability (37%) and cleanliness (27%). While the majority of high-income urban households use electricity for cooking, the majority of low- and medium-income urban households use charcoal for cooking. These results encourage increased investment in development of a nationwide LPG distribution network in Malawi.
Abstract: More than 96% of Malawians relied on wood fuels for cooking and heating in 2018. About 4 million people now use charcoal for cooking in urban areas; resulting in environmental degradation, loss of forests resulting in increased run off, siltation of rivers and depletion of water resources in lakes and rivers in Malawi. This study assessed the poten...
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Study of the Evaluation of the Biogas Potential of Waste from the Agricultural Farm of Denken in Boke, Republic of Guinea
Ansoumane Sakouvogui,
Kade Bailo Bah,
Ibrahima Bayo,
Ibrahima Toure,
Mamby Keita
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
23-28
Received:
29 January 2022
Accepted:
16 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: In rural and suburban areas of Guinea, waste and organic residues generated by agricultural and agro-industrial activities are traditionally valued in situ in animal feed as provender, in soil fertilization and for energy purposes as fuel. This work puts a cent on the opportunity of a better recovery of this agricultural waste by methanization. The adopted method consists in: quantifying the biodegradable waste of the farm; determine the physicochemical characteristics of these various methanizable wastes and assess the biogas potential of these wastes. The main results obtained are: The average annual quantities of waste produced on the farm are: cow dung 400 tons, stubble or rice stalks 40000 tons and rice husks 2700 tons; physicochemical parameters: (i) cow dung: Humidity (64%), Dry Matter (36%), Organic Matter (65%), density (203kg/m3), Carbon content 38% and carbon content Nitrogen (1.71%), (ii) rice stubble: Moisture (27%), Dry Matter (73%), Organic Matter (51%), Density (193 kg/m3), Carbon (30%) and Nitrogen (1.95%); (iii) rice husk, Moisture (16%), Dry Matter (84%), Organic Matter (36%), Density (163 kg/m3), Carbon (21%) and Nitrogen (1.46%); cumulative production of biogas in co-digestion: cow dung (0.066 m3), rice stubble (0.039 m3) and rice husks (0.042 m3); the cumulative production of biogas in co-digestion: rice stubble with rice husks (0.0437m3), cow dung with rice husks (0.0482 m3), cow dung with rice husks (0.0711 m3) and cow dung cow with rice stubble and rice husks (0.0808 m3); the pH varied from 7 to 8.5 in cow dung, rice stubble and codigestion substrates and from 6 to 8 in rice husk, respectively. During the 45 days of the process, the digestion temperature in the different digesters varied from 24 to 31°C with averages varying from 26°C to 28°C. The results of this study show the importance of the diversification of organic matter for the optimal production of biogas, which also makes it possible to locally mitigate methane emissions from livestock and crops in Agricultural farms.
Abstract: In rural and suburban areas of Guinea, waste and organic residues generated by agricultural and agro-industrial activities are traditionally valued in situ in animal feed as provender, in soil fertilization and for energy purposes as fuel. This work puts a cent on the opportunity of a better recovery of this agricultural waste by methanization. The...
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Generation and Storage of Hydrogen Gas from Non-metal and Metal Hydrides Using Metal Complex Catalysts: A Review
Given Kalonga,
Adrian Habanyama,
Ned Silavwe,
Rodrick Symon Katete
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
29-34
Received:
10 February 2022
Accepted:
1 March 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: Sustainable renewable and environmentally friendly sources of fuel are in high demand. Hydrogen fuel appears to be the best energy source that is sustainable, renewable and environmentally friendly. In order to change the fossil fuel driven world economy to climate friendly hydrogen fuel driven economy, there is an urgent need for large scale development of new infrastructures and technologies to generate and store hydrogen. Pollution free hydrogen gas is the energy of the future. The application of hydrogen fuel in mobile machineries requires that hydrogen is stored in compact and lightweight systems. The storage of hydrogen in solid state has many advantages compared to compressed gas or cryogenic liquid in volumetric terms. The difficult with solid state hydrogen storage is that metal hydrides tend to release hydrogen at or above 90°C. The most critical component to the development of a hydrogen driven economy is elucidation of materials with efficient hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics at a reduced operational temperature. This is possible with improvements in development of alloys and catalysts. By using advanced computer modelling for possible hydrogen storage complex metals, it is possible to develop a special type of a hydride metal complex that allows absorption and desorption of hydrogen at a much lower temperature for mobile application. Such a metal complex can allow development of hydrogen fueled automobiles and cheap large-scale application of hydrogen in generation of electricity for sustainable development worldwide, quickly replacing nuclear energy and fossil fuels. This paper identifies current difficulties that need to be overcome for hydrogen driven economy to be realized and proposes practical solutions.
Abstract: Sustainable renewable and environmentally friendly sources of fuel are in high demand. Hydrogen fuel appears to be the best energy source that is sustainable, renewable and environmentally friendly. In order to change the fossil fuel driven world economy to climate friendly hydrogen fuel driven economy, there is an urgent need for large scale devel...
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