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“The Place to See and the Place to Reflect” the Use of Theatrical Techniques in the Teaching of Philosophy
José Mauricio de Assis Espinosa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
51-55
Received:
6 May 2023
Accepted:
13 June 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: A reflection on how to teach philosophy with the help of theatrical techniques and scenic interpretation tools, building an allegorical environment for the presentation of philosophical content. Considering Plato's explanation of the allegory of the cave, where he starts from 'appears' or 'imagines' and describes his narrative, in a complete way, in a theatrical approach to use the imagination of his listeners. And thus building a scene, a representation of what he wanted to teach his interlocutors. In addition to reflecting on contemporary caves, built in the rooms of young people, who are isolated, attentive only to the images produced on cell phone and computer screens, without being sure about the veracity of the information received in these 'walls' of modern caves. Also following the approaches and paths of Deleuze and Foucault in their considerations on the constructions relevant to the study of philosophy and its learning, this article aims at this reflection as a contribution to the art of theatre, the 'teatron', the place for to see. And to see how this seeing is a metaphorical perspective, something that is also a philosophical question, both in the direct and in the metaphysical sense. In addition to being a matter of experience made possible by immersion in the world of ideas and imagination, in a reflective, pragmatic way and with a view to learning and teaching philosophy.
Abstract: A reflection on how to teach philosophy with the help of theatrical techniques and scenic interpretation tools, building an allegorical environment for the presentation of philosophical content. Considering Plato's explanation of the allegory of the cave, where he starts from 'appears' or 'imagines' and describes his narrative, in a complete way, i...
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Spinoza: Desire and Supreme Good, from Philosophizing to Wise
Alla Marcellin Konin,
N’Dré Sam Beugre
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
56-62
Received:
27 May 2023
Accepted:
26 June 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: If Spinoza is a thinker very present in the Faculties of Philosophy, on the other hand, he is presented as one of the great forgotten of the humanist programs of secondary education. Contrary to what happened with other philosophers, who had more chance of spreading in non-specialized contexts (we can cite Nietzsche, Pascal, Plato or Schopenhauer as obvious examples), Spinoza is generally considered a excessively systematic author, and complex, whose works would have been written for a small group of scholars. Nothing could be further from the truth. Spinoza’s life was full of completely surprising events, from his estrangement from the Jewish community (which repudiated him in a strict and disagreeable way), through his dalliances with heterodox currents which gradually grew in power, until his meeting with Leibniz and his intrepid travels. from one part of his native Holland to another. In this article, we examine the concept of desire in Spinoza's philosophy and its connection to the philosopher's decision to find the greater good. Since the greatest good, in turn, is nothing but its own enjoyment, we conclude that ignoring its existence, seeking it, and living it are, respectively, the conditions of the vulgar, the philosopher, and the wise, as what happened in the Garden of Epicurus.
Abstract: If Spinoza is a thinker very present in the Faculties of Philosophy, on the other hand, he is presented as one of the great forgotten of the humanist programs of secondary education. Contrary to what happened with other philosophers, who had more chance of spreading in non-specialized contexts (we can cite Nietzsche, Pascal, Plato or Schopenhauer a...
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Ubuntu as an Ethical Framework in Business Ethics for African Socio-Economic Development
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
63-68
Received:
6 November 2022
Accepted:
21 November 2022
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: Contemporary business trends in Africa portray a spate of paradoxes in her socio-economic development. For instance, there is a rapid increase of international interventions and establishment of multinational corporations as a result of globalization; yet not much of this has been domesticated. Industrial and infrastructural developments are sprawled around us; yet unemployment is on the increase. While financial institutions and government agencies take capricious interests and levies in businesses; the human community and environment are left out in tatters. The media advertises business via any means possible, ignoring questions about moral values of individual persons in the society as well as companies that drive the economy. These happenings, no doubt, raise genuine cause for concern as it threatens African indigenous morality. This is a pointer to the fact that there is something lacking. That desideratum is a unifying business ethic. This paper is a research that attempts to fill that ethical gap. It is considered that the philosophical concept of Ubuntu – an African traditional philosophy of social existence is essential. It supports and encourages integral human development, and as such can serve as an ethical ideal in an ever-dynamic business operation in Africa.
Abstract: Contemporary business trends in Africa portray a spate of paradoxes in her socio-economic development. For instance, there is a rapid increase of international interventions and establishment of multinational corporations as a result of globalization; yet not much of this has been domesticated. Industrial and infrastructural developments are sprawl...
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Distinguishing Models of Kierkegaard’s Indirect Communication: Toward a Clearer View of a Multivalent Discourse Technique
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
69-77
Received:
29 July 2023
Accepted:
15 August 2023
Published:
28 August 2023
Abstract: Kierkegaard is well-known for his development of an authorial strategy called indirect communication, a maieutic communicative approach intended to enable the subjectivity of the reader in ethical and religious upbuilding. Unfortunately, Kierkegaard at times makes statements that seem contradictory in his own discussions about indirect discourse. This article will suggest that the reason for these seemingly contradictory claims is that Kierkegaard actually develops four distinct models of indirect communication at different places in his authorship. These four models will be called: 1) the “Preservation of Subjectivity” model (which claims that indirect communication is necessary to respect the free subjectivity of the reader); 2) the “Incognito God” model (which claims that God can only communicate to human beings indirectly, and therefore that Christ’s own self-communication was necessarily indirect); 3) the “Deception into Truth” model (which claims that deception is necessary to unlearn an error); and 4) the “Inadequacy of Language” model (which claims that existence cannot be thought or communicated directly). This paper will argue that while no individual model is entirely successful on its own logic in establishing the necessity of indirect communication, the models do show the usefulness of indirect communication when they are employed in an ad hoc manner. Consequently, as communicators identify the unique strategic aims of each model, they will be better equipped both to read Kierkegaard’s authorship more coherently and to employ indirect communication more effectively for the benefit of their own learners.
Abstract: Kierkegaard is well-known for his development of an authorial strategy called indirect communication, a maieutic communicative approach intended to enable the subjectivity of the reader in ethical and religious upbuilding. Unfortunately, Kierkegaard at times makes statements that seem contradictory in his own discussions about indirect discourse. T...
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The Assemble of Olympism and Nationalism: Social Philosophical Analysis of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games as Case Study
Jun Zhang,
Zhenhua Zhou,
Ali Redar Hameed
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
78-86
Received:
10 August 2023
Accepted:
25 August 2023
Published:
20 September 2023
Abstract: Each Olympic Games will offer fresh research material in the fields of social and sports philosophy. This article uses Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games (B2022WOG) as an illustration to discuss the difficulty in viewing sports as contributors to social progress. We have examined the phenomena of fusing classical Chinese philosophy with social sports philosophy, as exemplified by the current Olympic movement. The key finding is that the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures and civilizations is responsible for sports revival as a social force in the modern era. As a result, new social cognition emerges. The leadership of the nations hosting the Olympic Games gains knowledge and the chance to showcase their own political, economic, and solid philosophical underpinnings. The B2022WOG, taking place in a completely new societal environment (COVID-19 pandemic, world power realignment), is used as a case study for analysis. Using this example, the artіcle shows the social significance of the Olympic Games and emphasizes that the social value of sports and the Olympic movement is reflected in the "spirit of fair competition" and the "spirit of peace", "human intelligence". This is a relatively new direction in the development of researcհ in the field of physical education and social philosophy, and the special contrіbutіon of this study is to study one of the promising trends in the development of sports, that is, the modern Olympic movement, integrated with the national culture of different countries, B2022WOG were utilized as a case study for research since they are taking place in a totally new social context (COVID-19 pandemic, realignment of global power). By using this illustration, the article highlights the social significance of the Olympic Games and stresses how the "spirit of fair competition", "spirit of peace" and "human intelligence" are reflections of the social worth of sports and the Olympic movement. This is a relatively new area of study in the fields of physical education and social philosophy, and the focus of this research is to examine one of the most encouraging developments in the field of sports — the modern Olympic movement — as it interacts with various national cultures.
Abstract: Each Olympic Games will offer fresh research material in the fields of social and sports philosophy. This article uses Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games (B2022WOG) as an illustration to discuss the difficulty in viewing sports as contributors to social progress. We have examined the phenomena of fusing classical Chinese philosophy with social sport...
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Discounting Utility Without Complaints: Avoiding the Demandingness of Classical Utilitarianism
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
87-95
Received:
30 August 2023
Accepted:
14 September 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
Abstract: Classical utilitarianism is very demanding and entails some counter-intuitive implications in moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem in deontological ethics and the repugnant conclusion in population ethics. This article presents how one specific modification of utilitarianism can avoid these counter-intuitive implications. In this modified utilitarian theory, called ‘discounted’ or ‘mild’ utilitarianism, people have a right to discount the utilities of others, under the condition that people whose utility is discounted cannot validly complain against such discounting. A complaint made by a utility discounted person is not valid if either the existence of the discounting people in that option is in a specific sense necessary or the existence of the discounted person is in a sense not necessary. According to mild utilitarianism, we should choose the option that maximizes the total validly discounted or complaint-free discounted utility, i e. the sum of everyone’s utility minus the complaint-free discounts. As there are two conditions that make a complaint invalid, this right to discount can be translated into two versions: the right to bodily autonomy and the right to procreation autonomy. The former right relates to the mere means principle in deontological ethics, the latter right is useful in avoiding the repugnant conclusion problem in population ethics. The possibility of democratically imposing an upper bound on the permissible amount of discounting is discussed.
Abstract: Classical utilitarianism is very demanding and entails some counter-intuitive implications in moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem in deontological ethics and the repugnant conclusion in population ethics. This article presents how one specific modification of utilitarianism can avoid these counter-intuitive implications. In this modified uti...
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