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Review of the Genetic Variability in Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L)
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
29 November 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world's third most important cereal crop, with a high yield potential. Most authorities believe that Central America and Mexico, where many different species of maize can be found, are the primary sources of maize. It is one of the world's most important economic crops. Maize is a priority and strategic crop to react to the world's need for alternate energy sources, in addition to its usage as food and feed. It is the staple crop for millions of people in Ethiopia, where it ranks #1 in total output and yield per unit area. The genetic heterogeneity in the existing germplasm is used to select for high yield with desirable features. In order to be successful, breeding programs must have enough genetic variation to allow for selection and improvement. Knowing the extent of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gains in the selection of desirable traits could aid the plant breeder in determining breeding program requirements. Many researches on genetic variability have been conducted using appropriate biometrical instruments such as variability, heritability, and genetic progress to determine the level of genetic diversity in the population. Genetic advance aids in crop development via selecting for specific features, and heritability is a useful measure for estimating the amount of the genetic portion of overall variability. The purpose of this review study was to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic progress of maize genotypes.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world's third most important cereal crop, with a high yield potential. Most authorities believe that Central America and Mexico, where many different species of maize can be found, are the primary sources of maize. It is one of the world's most important economic crops. Maize is a priority and strategic crop to react to t...
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Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia
Sisay Gurmu,
Eshetu Yadete,
Muhidin Biya
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
8-18
Received:
4 January 2022
Accepted:
21 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population density at Jimma South Western Ethiopia during 2015-2017 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4x4 factorial arrangements with four plant population densities; 333,333, 400,000, 200,000 and 166,666 plants ha-1, and four NP fertilizer rates; 23/23, 23/46, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5. An interaction effect of plant population densities and NP fertilizer rates was observed for all parameters. The results indicated that as plant population density increased plant height, pod height, grain yield and above ground biomass significantly increased but number of pods per plant was decreased. As NP fertilizer rate increased slightly plant height, number of pods per plant, grain yield and significantly above ground biomass was increased. Significanthighest mean grain yield of 3724 kg ha-1 was obtained from the highest plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50x5cm). Further research must done to conclude the yield response of the crop to plant population density because the yield is significantly increasing up to 400,000 plants ha-1. Regarding the effect of NP fertilizer rates, the highest grain yield of 3477kg ha-1 was obtained from 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 which was statically at par with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer. In conclusions, plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50 cm inter row with 5 cm intra row spacing) with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer rate were determined for optimum production of soya bean in Jimma area and similar agro-ecologies of the country.
Abstract: Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population d...
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Evaluation of Open Pollinated Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties for Mid Altitude Areas of Western Guzi Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Natol Bakala,
Belda Idao,
Ibsa Jibat
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
19-25
Received:
22 December 2021
Accepted:
11 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: Maize is a major grain crop that is widely adaptable to many agro-ecologies across the world. The goal of the study was to see how adaptable and stable open pollinated maize varieties are in terms of grain yield and yield-related features in the Western Guji Zone's mid-altitude areas. Different genotypes perform differently in each location, which may be used to boost production. Six open pollinated maize varieties were transported from Bako National Maize Research Center and planted in RCBD with three replications at Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Center's Galana and Abaya sub sites for three years. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that there was a substantial yield difference between genotypes. Gibe-2 had the greatest average grain production of 5.85 t/ha, followed by Kulani with 5.63 t/ha across years and locations, according to the combined analysis of variance. Kulani was found to be the most stable of all the varieties, whereas Gibe 2 was shown to be the most unstable. Kulani's and ABO-additive Bako's main and multiplicative interaction stability values (ASVs) were both near to zero (0.08 and 0.27, respectively), but Gibe 2's ASV was significantly higher (1.62) and deviated from zero. As a result, Kulani was stable and high yielding across settings, whereas Gibe 2 was high yielding in a single environment (unstable). So, and Kulani were recommended for cultivation in the Galana and Abaya districts of southern Oromia, as well as regions with comparable agro ecologies, while Gibe 2 was recommended for the Galana district.
Abstract: Maize is a major grain crop that is widely adaptable to many agro-ecologies across the world. The goal of the study was to see how adaptable and stable open pollinated maize varieties are in terms of grain yield and yield-related features in the Western Guji Zone's mid-altitude areas. Different genotypes perform differently in each location, which ...
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Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Levels on Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Werer, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia
Kebede Nanesa Tufa,
Yibekal Alemayehu Abebe,
Fentaw Abegaz Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
26-35
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
18 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: Enhancing water productivity of irrigated crops through Agricultural water management is a vital option in water scarce areas, such as, Rift valley. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulching levels on growth, yield and water productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement of three levels of irrigation (100, 80 and 60% of Crop Evapotranspiration and four levels of straw mulch (0, 3, 6 and 9ton wheat straw per ha) in three replications. The output of Cropwat model indicated that the highest seasonal water requirement of onion was 422.5 mm at 100% ETc while; the lowest was 253.5 mm at 60% ETc. The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference in growth parameters and yield parameters were highly significant (p<0.01) influenced by the interaction effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulch levels. The highest marketable bulb yield (33.47 t/ha) was obtained from an experimental plot treated with combined application of 100% of ETc and 6 t/ha straw mulch, while the lowest (21.10 t/ha) was obtained from plots treated with 60% ETc irrigation level and no mulch treatment. Water productivity was also highly significant (p<0.01) influenced by the interaction effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulching levels; the highest (10.22 kg/m3) and the lowest (6.11 kg/m3) were recorded from the plots treated with 60% ETc and 9 t/ha straw mulch, and 100% ETc and no mulch treatments, respectively. Therefore, in terms of marketable bulb yield and water productivity, irrigating with 80% ETc with 6 t/ha straw mulch would be recommended for production of onion in the study area.
Abstract: Enhancing water productivity of irrigated crops through Agricultural water management is a vital option in water scarce areas, such as, Rift valley. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulching levels on growth, yield and water productivity of on...
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Registration of Hora, Small-red Seed Food Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varieties for Midland Areas of Bale and East Bale, Southeast Ethiopia
Amanuel Tekalign,
Tadele Tadesse,
Belay Asmare
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
36-39
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Ethiopia has suitable environmental condition for common bean production. However, the productivity of common bean is very low as compared with world average due to lack of stable, high yielding, and disease resistant genotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to register stable high yielding and disease resistant/tolerant common bean variety for midlands areas of Bale and other similar agro-ecologies in the country. The experiment was carried out at two locations from 2015 to 2017 main cropping season using 15 genotypes including standard checks. Eventually, two promising genotypes, “SCR-28 and SCR-8” were selected and promoted to variety verification trail with the standard check ‘’SCR 1 and Nasir” during the 2020/21 cropping season. The National Variety Release Technical Committee evaluated the two candidate varieties at Goro and Ginner on research stations and farmers’ fields. Among the two evaluated varieties, SRC-28, ‘Hora’, is well adapted to altitudes ranging between 1600 and 1950 meters above sea level and gave high seed yield (1587 kg ha-1) and stable performance across years and locations. It has about 29.3% yield advantage over the standard check variety, “Nasir”. Hora is also resistant/ Tolerant level of reactions to Alternaria Leaf Spot, Common Bacteria Blight and Rust. Hence, Hora is released for Midland Areas of Bale, East Bale and similar agro-ecologies for its stable, high grain yield and resistant to major diseases. Therefore, farmers could be cultivated Hora for increasing productivity of the crop with its full recommended packages.
Abstract: Ethiopia has suitable environmental condition for common bean production. However, the productivity of common bean is very low as compared with world average due to lack of stable, high yielding, and disease resistant genotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to register stable high yielding and disease resistant/tolerant common bean va...
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