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Comparing the Effects of Indigenous, Effective Microorganisms and NPK Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Groundnut in the Western Region of Cameroon
Ngueuleu Deuheula Armand,
Muyang Rosaline Fosah,
Fotso,
Tefouet Vaugelas Duthie,
Asseng Charles Carnot,
Taffouo Victor Désiré
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-10
Received:
8 December 2022
Accepted:
28 December 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the main legumes consumed because of its nutritional importance to humans and animals, and is currently produced in Cameroon below the national demand. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous microorganism fertilizers (IMO), effective fertilizers (EM) and NPK on soil fertility and productivity of Arachis hypogaea. The experiment was conducted in the West region of Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). It was based on a field trial with an experimental design consisting of completely randomized blocks with three treatments: Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO), Effective Microorganisms (EM) and NPK. The blocks were separated into plots, and each of them was enriched with different doses of EM, IMO and NPK (0, 10, 20, 40 g) and (3.2 g) with three replications each. Results showed that EM, IMO and NPK increased soil fertility. Overall, the application of EM, IMO and NPK significantly (p-value < 0.05) increased the growth parameters compared to the control. The best pod and seed yields were obtained at the 10 g (2.3 ± 0.2 and 2.05 ± 0.3 t/ha), 20 g (1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.99 ± 0.14 t/ha) and 3.2 g (2.3 ± 1 and 2.03 ± 0.24 t/ha) doses of IMO, EM and NPK respectively. These yields were higher or similar in plots amended with IMO and EM fertilizers than in plots amended with NPK. IMO and EM fertilizers worked at lower doses and can be considered as valuable fertilizers to serve as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the main legumes consumed because of its nutritional importance to humans and animals, and is currently produced in Cameroon below the national demand. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous microorganism fertilizers (IMO), effective fertilizers (EM) and NPK on soil fertility and p...
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The Relation Between InDel Genetic Distance and Heterosis in Rice
Xudong Zhu,
Xueli Tang,
Ju Zhao,
Feng Wang,
Qingming Zhou,
Zhonghua Zhou
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
11-20
Received:
27 December 2022
Accepted:
12 January 2023
Published:
30 January 2023
Abstract: Heterosis is a common phenomenon in plant species, which has been extensively utilized in different crops. Genetic distance is one of important basis for selecting parents in hybrid breeding. There is a relation between the genetic distance and heterosis and hybrid rice combinations usually show a stronger heterosis with larger genetic distance between parental lines. In this study, 160 hybrid rice combinations were made by incomplete duallel cross using 10 sterile lines and 16 self-bred restorer lines. Moreover, the indica-japonica gene frequencies of 26 lines were identified by 20 pairs of the InDel markers. The relationships between the InDel genetic distance and the phenotype heterosis were analyzed. Here, the results showed that the InDel genetic distance between parents could be used to predict phenotype value of effective panicle per plant and control heterosis of yield per plant and seed setting rate of the tested rice combinations. The optimal distance between the parents was in the interval 0.1-0.55 for the control heterosis of several main yield traits including effective panicle per plant, filled grains per panicle and yield per plant of combinations. The present result will provide a useful reference for hybrid rice parents selection in breeding.
Abstract: Heterosis is a common phenomenon in plant species, which has been extensively utilized in different crops. Genetic distance is one of important basis for selecting parents in hybrid breeding. There is a relation between the genetic distance and heterosis and hybrid rice combinations usually show a stronger heterosis with larger genetic distance bet...
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Effect of Covering Mode and Substrate on the Rooting of Marcots of Anacardium occidentale L. in the Sahelian Zone (Maroua, Cameroon)
Jacques Dominant Beyo,
Baye-Niwah Claudette,
Fawa Guidawa,
Oumarou Haman Zéphirin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
21-26
Received:
30 January 2023
Accepted:
1 March 2023
Published:
9 March 2023
Abstract: Anacardium occidentale is one of the most popular fruit trees in the dry tropics. Unfortunately, several genotypes of this species face the problem of productivity and low variability. The objective of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the agronomic potential of Anacardium occidentale by aerial layering in Diamaré. Specifically, the effect of the covering mode and the substrate on the rooting of marcots were evaluated. The work consisted in carrying out a 7 cm girdling on orthotropic branches having a diameter ranging from 2.54 to 5.73cm, and then sleeves were laid. Three substrates were used: sawdust previously decomposed, sawdust/black soil mixture (in the proportion One-half) and black soil. The mantles were covered with aluminum foil and polyethane plastic. The experimental design used was a split plot with three replications. The substrate constituted the main treatment, the covering mode, the sub- treatment. The experimental unit was 15 marcots. The rooting rate ranged from 98.88±2.24% in marcots covered with aluminium foil to 99.44±1.66% in those covered with plastic. As for the substrate, it varied from 98.33±2.58% for the substrate composed of black soil to 100% for the sawdust/black soil mixture. No significant difference was recorded between the modes of covering (P ≥ 0.05) and also for the substrates (P≥ 0.05). However Root length ranged significantly (p≤ 0.01) from 49.6±13.32mm in sawdust to 72.5±23.39mm in black soil. All treatments were satisfactorily. A. occidentale shows good aerial layering ability. These results are useful in the process of improvement the productivity of this species.
Abstract: Anacardium occidentale is one of the most popular fruit trees in the dry tropics. Unfortunately, several genotypes of this species face the problem of productivity and low variability. The objective of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the agronomic potential of Anacardium occidentale by aerial layering in Diamaré. Specifically, the...
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Leaf Vegetable Cultivation in Cameroon: An Overview of the Situation in Njombe and Surrounding Areas
Enome Akame Guy,
Emade Ngoudjede Raissa,
Kwa Moise
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
27-32
Received:
9 February 2023
Accepted:
13 March 2023
Published:
28 March 2023
Abstract: Over the past ten years, it has been noted that the demand for leafy vegetables in the coastal area of Cameroon is increasing, particularly in the district of Njombe-Penja. Despite this growth in production volumes, there are also more or less severe shortages at certain times of the year. The main causes behind the variations in vegetable production in the Littoral zone are not well known and/or not recorded. In order to sort out the different factors (vegetable varieties, planting period, use of fertilisers and pesticides, soil, etc.) that interact on the production of leafy vegetables in the Littoral zone, it became necessary to conduct a study reviewing the state of leafy vegetable production and marketing activities in the locality of Njombé and its surroundings. This study also aims to better identify the main distribution chains and their vitality related to the markets supplied by vegetable production in the Njombe area. The methodological approach involved random sampling to constitute a population of 100 individuals (farmers, traders, etc.). A survey questionnaire was developed and administered to the target sample. The main results show that 96% of the individuals practising vegetable cropping are uneducated women, aged between 20 and 64 years. The individual areas cultivated are mostly very small to medium (between 64m2 and 870 m2). The vast majority of the cultivated land is rented (80%). The most cultivated leafy vegetable varieties are, in order of importance: “Black nightshade” (100%), “African Eggplant” (84%), “green amaranth” (80%), “bush okra” (80%), “Hibiscus” (40%), and “Water leaf” (32%). The seeds used come mainly from local markets (60%). The use of fertilisers and pesticides (doses and application frequencies) is not mastered by the farmers. The major constraints to production are: the difficulty of obtaining good quality seeds (86%), fungal diseases (80%), and attacks by various pests. This study also highlighted the economic potential of this vegetable activity in the locality.
Abstract: Over the past ten years, it has been noted that the demand for leafy vegetables in the coastal area of Cameroon is increasing, particularly in the district of Njombe-Penja. Despite this growth in production volumes, there are also more or less severe shortages at certain times of the year. The main causes behind the variations in vegetable producti...
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In Vitro and in Vivo Management of Sclerotium rolfsii the Cause of Sugar Beet Root Rot Disease
Abd-Allah Ahmed Aly El-Naggar,
Mohamed Abdallah Yassin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
33-40
Received:
15 February 2023
Accepted:
15 March 2023
Published:
28 March 2023
Abstract: Management of sugar beet damping off and root rot diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is urgently needed. Therefore, antifungal activities of 13 materials including 2 bio agents, 2 seaweeds, 3 chemical inducers and 6 fungicides were evaluated. Required inoculum potential of either fungal mass or sclerotia to reach more than 50% of disease incidence was firstly investigated. Fungal mass inoculation (40-500g/10kg of soil) provided 70-100% damping off and 100% root rot. Meanwhile, 6.7-36.7% of damping off and no or negligible root rot were obtained using 300-500 sclerotia /10kg of soil. On the other hand, S. rolfsii mycelial growth was completely suppressed in vitro by all tested materials. However, various antifungal activities of these materials were shown in vivo after seed soaking in the 1st (2020/2021) trail or seed soaking followed by soil drenching in the 2nd (2021/2022) trail. Tipo top (Tebuoconazole 25.9%: 1cm/L) fungicide was the most effective material in the 1st trail since the seedling survival was up to 80%, followed by potassium silicate (1cm/L) and Score (Difenoconazole 25%: 1cm/L) fungicide. Seed soaking followed by soil drenching with Tipo top in the 2nd trail were protected sugar beet from sowing to harvest and enhanced the root weight. Additionally, this study illustrated that both of sugar beet root weight and sucrose content were decreased as root rot severity increased. In conclusion, chemical fungicides are unfortunately still the fast and potent way for S. rolfsii management, especially with the limitation of resistant sugar beet cultivars.
Abstract: Management of sugar beet damping off and root rot diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is urgently needed. Therefore, antifungal activities of 13 materials including 2 bio agents, 2 seaweeds, 3 chemical inducers and 6 fungicides were evaluated. Required inoculum potential of either fungal mass or sclerotia to reach more than 50% of disease inciden...
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