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Callistemon Citrinus, Cymbopogon Citratus, and Oxalis Barrelieri Extracts Stimulate Defence of Tomato Against Fusarium Wilt
Dakole Daboy Charles,
Dongmo Lekagne Joseph Blaise,
Fonkoua Martin,
Nguefack Julienne,
Irénée Somda
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
82-93
Received:
5 June 2023
Accepted:
25 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: In Cameroon, tomato yields remain low due to attacks by pathogens and insects. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt, a disease responsible for important economic losses. To contribute to the control of this pathogen, the stimulatory effect of the tomato defence system of extracts of plants in the tomato/FOL interaction was evaluated. Tomato plants were treated with the aqueous extracts (AE) of Callistemon citrinus (C. citrinus), Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus), and Oxalis barrelieri (O. barrelieri) at 10% (W/V). After 4 days of spraying with the extracts, the plants were inoculated with a virulent strain of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) in pots experiments. Tomato roots were used to determine the contents of phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids (AA) and proline. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results showed that treatment of tomato plants with extracts and their infection with FOL induced an increase in the contents of phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proline in tomato roots, an increase in APX, GPX, SOD activities and a reduction in CAT activity. Our results suggest that the increase and reduction of enzymatic activities, and the increase in the synthesis of some metabolites could mitigate the oxidative damage that takes place during the expansion of the pathogen. Aqueous extracts of C. citrinus, C. citratus and O. barrelieri could be used as natural products to stimulate the tomato defence system against FOL.
Abstract: In Cameroon, tomato yields remain low due to attacks by pathogens and insects. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt, a disease responsible for important economic losses. To contribute to the control of this pathogen, the stimulatory effect of the tomato defence system of extracts of plants in the toma...
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On-Station Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Nutritive Value of Perennial Grasses Intercropped with Multipurpose Tree Forage
Nebi Husein,
Meseret Tilahun,
Dawit Abate
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
94-99
Received:
12 June 2023
Accepted:
4 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center with the objectives to determine the effect of integration of grasses and legumes on the growth, total forage biomass yield, nutritive quality and identify compatible forage varieties in their integrations with rain fall and supplementary irrigation at dry season. Factorial combination of three forage grasses (Panicum maximum, Chloris gayana and Cenchrus ciliaris) and two multipurpose tree forages (Cajanus cajan and Leucaena leucocephala) were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Plant heights for both forage showed significance (p<0.001) difference between treatments and cuttings. From Multipurpose tree forages (MPTFs) and grass the maximum plant height was recorded from Leucaena sole and Chloris gayana integrated with cajanus cajan 186.14 and 124.50cm, respectively. Among MPTFs the highest forage biomass yield was obtained from cajanus cajan integrated with Rhodes grass (7.39 t/ha) treatment and combined result also obtained from integration of Rhodes grass and cajanus cajan (29.20 t/ha). The highest LER was obtained from the integration of Rhodes grass and cajanus cajun (2.05). Ash and organic matter contents showed significance (P< 0.05) difference except CP contents of grasses united with MPFLs. Chloris gayana integration with Cajanus cajan recommended for the study areas and similar agro-ecologies due to its good in total forage biomass yield and other agronomic performance among the tested forage components.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center with the objectives to determine the effect of integration of grasses and legumes on the growth, total forage biomass yield, nutritive quality and identify compatible forage varieties in their integrations with rain fall and supplementary irrigation at dry season. Factorial com...
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Performance Evaluation of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Varieties for Green Pod Yield and Yield Related Traits Under Irrigated Condition in Guder West Showa Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
100-103
Received:
14 July 2023
Accepted:
31 July 2023
Published:
9 August 2023
Abstract: Capsicum (Capsicum spp.) also known as pepper, is a major vegetable and spice crop grown all over the world for fresh, dried, and processed goods. Pepper is the most important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of released hot pepper varieties and recommend the best adaptable and high-yielding variety/ies for the Western Shoa zone. Four different hot pepper varieties (Mareko fana, Melka shote, Melka awaze, and Melka zala) were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replication at Guder 2015/16 under irrigated conditions. The results from the analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences among varieties for marketable yield and total yield. Variety Melka awaze had the highest marketable and total yield of 13.67 t/ha & 13.87 t/ha, respectively. The variety followed by Melka awaze is the variety Melka shote (13.53 t/ ha). In contrast, Mareko fana recorded the lowest marketable yield of (7.23 t/ ha), and the lowest total yield was recorded by Melka zala (7.5 t/ha). The research results suggested promoting both the Melka awaze and Melka shote varieties for widespread cultivation in Guder and under comparable agroecological conditions would help to increase the productivity of hot pepper. Farmers could also use Mareko fana for dry pod purposes which is an attractive color.
Abstract: Capsicum (Capsicum spp.) also known as pepper, is a major vegetable and spice crop grown all over the world for fresh, dried, and processed goods. Pepper is the most important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of released hot pepper varieties and recommend the best adaptable and high-yielding variety/i...
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Status and Significance of Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Disease in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
104-108
Received:
5 March 2023
Accepted:
8 July 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: The huaglongbing (HLB) is devastating citrus disease and cause total yield loss under favorable environmental conditions. The Candidatus Liberibacter species is the cause of citrus greening which is carried on Diaphorina citri during feeding of leaves. In Ethiopia citrus are produced in large commercial and small scale farmers. However, the status of yield reduction has no more attention were given. The bacteria species associated with HLB disease like Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, Ca. L. africanus and Ca. L. americanus. The vector Diaphorina citri of Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus is heat tolerant and able to adapt temperature above 32°C compared with Ca. L. americanus’ and Ca. L. africanus. The field diagnosis of citrus greening is very difficult tasks and even confusing with symptoms of nutrient deficiency. From all the citrus, HLB is the most destructive and totally decline the production. The typical symptoms of greening disease like asymmetrical blotchy mottling pattern on central leaves, lopsided fruits, bitter tests and greening symptoms only observed in one side of the canopy. Therefore critical diagnosis is important task either the citrus tree has blotchy mottle or leaf yellowing due the deficiency of nutrient or HLB and to recommend disease management options. In present situation the citrus orchards infected with HLB is not be controlled however reducing the vector is possible using insecticides.
Abstract: The huaglongbing (HLB) is devastating citrus disease and cause total yield loss under favorable environmental conditions. The Candidatus Liberibacter species is the cause of citrus greening which is carried on Diaphorina citri during feeding of leaves. In Ethiopia citrus are produced in large commercial and small scale farmers. However, the status ...
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