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Proximate Composition of Local Salt Licks (Toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
1-4
Received:
8 January 2021
Accepted:
18 January 2021
Published:
28 January 2021
Abstract: The study investigated the proximate composition of local salt licks (toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria with a view to reveal the feeding value of the products and use as a substitute to the expensive conventional ones. Six novel mineral blocks from different sources (maize stover, maize comb and sorghum stover ) produced from Mubi-North and Madagali Local Government Areas were used for analysis. The proximate compositions of the samples were analyzed at the Clinical Biochemical Laboratory of Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, Nigeria. Parameters determined include crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), ash (AS) and moisture content (MC). Local salt licks (toka) had low mean crude protein (CP) of 3.9%, crude fibre (CF) of 0.8%, ether extract (EE) of 1.1%, ash of 0.8% and moisture content of 15.6%. Irrespective of the low nutrient composition of novel mineral licks, they can be used to improve acceptability, palatability and mineral supplementation in livestock feeds. This showed that, with time and good awareness, livestock producers will opt for the products as source of mineral supplements since they are cheaper and readily available in the study area. This could also conveniently substitute the usually imported, highly expensive mineral licks used for livestock production in the state and Nigeria as a whole.
Abstract: The study investigated the proximate composition of local salt licks (toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria with a view to reveal the feeding value of the products and use as a substitute to the expensive conventional ones. Six novel mineral blocks from different sources (maize stover, maize comb and sorghum stover ) produced from Mubi-North and Madagali...
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Evaluation of Improved Napier Cultivars as Livestock Feed Under Farmers Conditions in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tamrat Dinkale,
Tessema Zewdu,
Meseret Girma
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
5-15
Received:
6 November 2020
Accepted:
16 December 2020
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and farmers preference as livestock feed under farmer’s conditions in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Four improved Napier grass cultivars (ILRI cultivar number: 16801, 16800, 16798, and 16840) and local check were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications during the main cropping season of 2018/19. The dry matter (DM) yield, fresh biomass yield, plant height, leaf length and leaf-stem ratio and other agronomic data were measured at harvest. Farmers preference of the Napier grass cultivars as livestock feed was collected through visual and hand evaluation of the multiple ranking criteria of the cultivars based on phonological nature. The results shows that, ILRI cultivar no. 16800 was higher (P<0.01) in the leaf to stem ratio than other Napier grass cultivars tested under farmers conditions. Similarly, ILRI cultivar 16800 was higher in DM yield and fresh biomass yield (P<0.05; 16.6 t/ha and 99.40 t/ha) respectively than ILRI cultivar 16798 (11.65 t/ha and 64.53 t/ha) respectively, but similar with other cultivars. According to the farmer's and developmental agent (DA) preferences, ILRI cultivar No. 16800 scored highest (4.56) followed by ILRI cultivar No. 16840 (4.00) and ILRI cultivar No. 16801 (3.89). The lowest score was given to ILRI cultivar No. 16798 (3.11) followed by local check (3.67). The results indicated that all Napier grass cultivars was ranked beyond good performance score (>3), as an indicator for livestock feed. From this study, it is concluded that Napier grass cultivars No. 16800, 16840 and 16801 were found promising in terms of agronomic traits, DM yield and fresh biomass yield than others during main rainy season (July to September) that needs further evaluation during dry season to demonstrated and popularized as an alternative feed resources under smallholder conditions in the study areas and other places of east and West Hararghe zones of Oromia region with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and farmers preference as livestock feed under farmer’s conditions in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Four improved Napier grass cultivars (ILRI cultivar number: 16801, 16800, 16798, and 16840) and local check were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six...
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Protease Complex Reduces Potentially Pathogenic Microbial Populations in the Ileum While Optimizing Performance of Broiler Chickens
Mohiuddin Amirul Kabir Chowdhury,
Amrita Kumar Dhara,
Shivaji Dey,
Anirvid Sarkar,
Sudipto Haldar,
Glenmer Bathan Tactacan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
16-23
Received:
3 February 2021
Accepted:
10 February 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: A 42-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary protease on growth performance and ileum population of selected bacteria in broiler chickens fed standard diets and diets deficient in crude protein and digestible amino acids (CP/AA, ~5%) or apparent metabolizable energy (AME, 50 kcal/kg) or both. Reducing CP/AA and AME negatively affected average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). Dietary protease improved BW at 42-d (P = 0.021, linear effect) of birds fed both standard and nutrient deficient diets but improved FCR (P = 0.0002) was only observed when supplemented to the standard diet. Serum protein concentration was not affected by the level of CP/AA and AME but decreased linearly with the level of protease (P = 0.02). Numbers of Escherichia coli¸ Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens increased (P = 0.0001) with the decrease of dietary CP/AA and AME. In contrast, the numbers of studied bacteria linearly decreased (P = 0.0001) with dietary protease level. Dietary protease was found to decrease the numbers of Clostridium perfringens (P = 0.0001) when supplemented to either low CP/AA or low AME diets. It can be concluded that protease supplementation sustained the harvesting biomass in the experimental birds fed lower nutrient density diets and decreased the numbers of resident bacteria in the hind gut, some of which might be potential pathogens. Hence, the study documented not only the nutrient sparing effects but also the extra-proteinaceous effect in terms of gut health of dietary protease in broiler chickens.
Abstract: A 42-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary protease on growth performance and ileum population of selected bacteria in broiler chickens fed standard diets and diets deficient in crude protein and digestible amino acids (CP/AA, ~5%) or apparent metabolizable energy (AME, 50 kcal/kg) or both. Reducing CP/AA and AME negatively aff...
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Effect of the Ensiled Taro with Rice Wine by Product or Fish Meal Fed Basal Diet of Rice Bran on Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention of Growing Pigs
Chiv Phiny,
Kong Saroeun,
Ros Vanchey
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
24-31
Received:
3 March 2021
Accepted:
16 March 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: Eight castrated male crossbred pigs (Large White x Local breed) of average live weight 25 kg were given four diets in a double 4*4 Latin square arrangement. The experiment included 4 periods, each of 12 days, 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of feces and urine. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog cholera. The experiment was carried out from 08th September 2020 to 20th November 2020, at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU), located in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The total intakes of DM, CP and OM were higher in the treatments that contained rice wine by product (RW20) and rice wine by product plus fish meal (RW20FM10). As the percentages of CF, NDF and ADF were lower intakes of these fractions in the treatment without used the rice wine by product (RW0) or used rice by product plus fish meal (FM10). There were no consistent differences in apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF, except CF and NDF among the diets. The values were relatively high for all the treatments contained rice wine by product while the basal diet of rice brain was mixed but except the values of CF and NDF. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP increased when the diets were mixed with rice wine by product. The values for N retention, expressed as g/day or as a percentage of N intake or N digested, were highest for the diet with mixed rice wine by product with a tendency for the diet without mixed rice wine by product (FM10) to be also better than the diets without rice wine by product or fish meal (RW0). When the data for N retention were corrected for differences in N intake therefore the differences in N retention were more pronounced in favor of the diets containing rice wine by product (RW20 and RW20FM10) or without rice wine by product (FM10). The conclusion was the supplement of a mixture of the ensiled taro with rice wine by product in the diets contained RW20 and RW20FM10, were higher apparent digestibility of DM, CP, OM and CF, and higher N retention, than when supplement was only ensiled taro without rice wine by product (RW0) or fish meal (FM10), mixed with a basal diet of rice brain.
Abstract: Eight castrated male crossbred pigs (Large White x Local breed) of average live weight 25 kg were given four diets in a double 4*4 Latin square arrangement. The experiment included 4 periods, each of 12 days, 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of feces and urine. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog ch...
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