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Advances in Space Navigation Reference System Research
Chang Linli,
Bai Wanqi,
Wang Huihui,
Zhang Yanhai,
Chi Liyi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
46-50
Received:
25 June 2023
Accepted:
10 July 2023
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Spatial navigation is a process in which the human body builds a complex cognitive map based on its own position and external environment, so as to realize correct navigation. Space navigation capability is closely related to flight safety. In recent decades, the air force at home and abroad has been researching and practicing on flight space disorientation, but the serious flight accidents caused by flight space disorientation are still very serious. Eocentric and allotypic central reference frames are commonly used reference frames in spatial navigation. Most current studies believe that humans can use these two reference frames to extract spatial information, perform route planning, and thus navigate to the correct destination. With the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques, more and more studies have found that humans activate specific brain regions when using different spatial navigation reference frames, and that there are specific neural conduction pathways for spatial navigation information. However, there is no systematic review of the activation and nerve conduction of spatial navigation. Therefore, this paper integrates the spatial navigation reference frame with the neuroimaging technology, and summarizes the activation and information transmission of the brain regions corresponding to the spatial navigation reference frame, so as to explore the relationship between the human navigation and the spatial reference frame. Based on the existing research, the use of appropriate means, such as resting-state fMRI, can provide a basis for selecting suitable people to engage in spatial navigation related work such as flight, and also has practical significance for developing personalized spatial navigation ability training programs for pilots.
Abstract: Spatial navigation is a process in which the human body builds a complex cognitive map based on its own position and external environment, so as to realize correct navigation. Space navigation capability is closely related to flight safety. In recent decades, the air force at home and abroad has been researching and practicing on flight space disor...
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Cognitive Functions in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Before and After Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Mohamed Hamdy Ismail,
Ahmed Ragab,
Hossam Mohamed Refat,
Hassan Abaza
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
51-55
Received:
20 August 2023
Accepted:
8 September 2023
Published:
25 September 2023
Abstract: Background: Clinical manifestations of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus [iNPH] involve dementia, urinary incontinence and gait disturbance. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus treatment for short- and long-term improvement and maintenance of gait and also cognitive function is essential for reducing the caregiving burden on families and society. Methods: this study was done on 41participants with a diagnosis of iNPH, subjected to detailed medical and neurological history taking and neuropsychological assessment for cognitive functions before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. Results: After CSF (cerebro-spinal fluid) shunting, around 80.5% of cases with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus demonstrated enhanced and sustained cognitive function for at least 1 year post-operatively and our study revealed that younger age and less severe idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus led to a good long-term prognosis of cognitive function. Conclusions: Individuals with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus experienced improved cognitive function 3-12 months after CSF shunt operation, with greater improvement seen in younger patients with milder illness. Therefore, early identification and appropriate treatment are crucial for long-term recovery and preservation of cognitive function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Early diagnosis of iNPH followed by CSF Shunt treatment can improve cognitive functions. Long-term evaluations of cognitive functions after V-P (ventriculo peritoneal) shunt operation are recommended.
Abstract: Background: Clinical manifestations of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus [iNPH] involve dementia, urinary incontinence and gait disturbance. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus treatment for short- and long-term improvement and maintenance of gait and also cognitive function is essential for reducing the caregiving burden on families an...
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Research Article
Clinical and Evaluative Profile of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Burkina Faso: Retrospective Study of 49 Patients Collected in 16 Years (2003-2018)
Djingri Labodi Lompo*,
Raphael M P Kaboré,
Adja Mariam Ouédraogo,
Kadari Cissé,
Adama Ramdé,
Christian Napon
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
56-64
Received:
24 September 2023
Accepted:
17 October 2023
Published:
9 November 2023
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, paraclinical and clinical profile of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the University Hospitals of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study of the records of patients hospitalized for GBS in 3 Ouagadougou University Hospitals for a period of 16 years, from March 2003 to May 2018. Included in the study were the records of patients aged ≥ 16 years who were hospitalized for GBS during the study period, according to the modified Brighton diagnostic criteria. Patients who were HIV-positive or had cytorachy > 10 elements/mm3 were not included. Socio-demographic, climatic, clinical variables, Electroneuromyography (ENMG) data, cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) examination and evolution were studied. The intra-hospital clinical course of patients was assessed according to the Guillain-Barré Disability Scale (GBDS). Results: A total of 49 cases of GBS were hospitalized. The average age was 36 years, with a predominance of females (51%) and during the cold dry season (40.8%). In the state phase, all patients had a motor deficit of all 4 limbs and 15 patients (30.6%) had dysautonomia. The mean durations of the extension and plateau phases were 10 days and 19 days respectively. At the ENMG, the axonal form (71.4%) predominated. Pulmonary infection (36.7%), exacerbation of hypertension (32.6%) and electrolyte disorders (23%) were the most frequently encountered intra-hospital complications. Intra-hospital mortality was 18.4%. Among the survivors, 30% were confined to a wheelchair with or without respiratory assistance. After univariate analysis, intra-hospital infectious complications (p=0.04), exposure to mechanical ventilation (p=0.05) and severe clinical presentations (p=0.005) were the variables significantly influencing intra-hospital mortality. Conclusion: GBS affects more often young patients, occurs more frequently in the cold dry season. It is characterized by a late hospitalization of the patients, a predominant axonal damage. Early admission of patients, early use of quality intensive care units, availability of Polyvalent Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange, will significantly improve the prognosis of GBS in Burkina Faso and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, paraclinical and clinical profile of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the University Hospitals of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study of the records of patients hospitalized for GBS in 3 Ouagadougou Universit...
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Research Article
Verbal Communication Disorders Following a First Stroke Event: Types, Evolutive Aspects and Psychological Experience in Patients in Brazzaville, Congo
Josué Euberma Diatewa*,
Vernant Nevyl Dona Bakala,
Dinah Happhia Boubayi Motoula-Latou,
Stève Mboungou,
Marina Kiakou,
Yvette Moigny-Gajou,
Eliot Prince Galiéni Sounga-Banzouzi,
Ghislain Armel Mpandzou,
Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
65-76
Received:
28 September 2023
Accepted:
24 October 2023
Published:
9 November 2023
Abstract: Background: Stroke causes a variety of disorders. These include verbal communication disorders (VCDs), which often lead to psychological and social problems that have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Objectives: To determine the frequencies of post-stroke VCDs in Brazzaville; to describe the evolutive aspects of VCDs following speech therapy; to explore patients' psychological experience of VCDs. Methods: This was an analytical longitudinal study conducted from April 1 to August 31, 2022. It took place in Brazzaville, in the physical medicine and rehabilitation department of the university hospital and the functional rehabilitation department of the Makelekele referral hospital. It focused on patients who suffered from a first stroke event. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination-Third Edition, the Clinical Assessment Battery for Dysarthria, the Diagnostic Instrumental for Apraxia of Speech and interviews were used to assess VCDs. Speech therapy was used to treat post-stroke VCD. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a questionnaire were used to identify the feelings experienced by patients. Results: From a total of 138 patients, 74 (53.6%) had a VCD. From these, 63 agreed to take part in the study. Of these 63 patients, 32 (50.8%), 27 (42.9%) and 4 (6.3%) had, respectively, aphasia, dysarthria and apraxia of speech. At 30 speech therapy sessions (3 months of speech therapy after stroke), 2 (6.3% of cases) aphasic patients, 12 (44.4% of cases) dysarthric patients and 1 (25% of cases) apraxic patient had completely recovered speech. Patients' psychological experience of VCD was characterized by frustration (90.5%), anxiety (71.4%), depression (71.4%), anger (69%), low self-esteem (45.2%), bad luck (35.7%), overprotection (35.7%), divine punishment (28.6%) and fatality (26.2%). Conclusion: In our study population, aphasia and dysarthria are the dominant VCDs, followed by apraxia of speech. The therapeutic strategies used to treat aphasia and apraxia of speech have led to very low rates of patients having completely recovered speech, suggesting the implementation of improved therapeutic measures to increase the degree of speech recovery. VCDs cause psychological problems, four of which predominate: frustration, anxiety, depression and anger.
Abstract: Background: Stroke causes a variety of disorders. These include verbal communication disorders (VCDs), which often lead to psychological and social problems that have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Objectives: To determine the frequencies of post-stroke VCDs in Brazzaville; to describe the evolutive aspects of VCDs following speech...
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