-
Pure Agraphia Associated with a Frontal Meningioma on Left Superior Frontal Gyrus
Franck-Emmanuel Roux,
Imène Djidjeli,
Julien Nicolau,
Jean Darcourt,
Florian Le Lann,
Jean-François Demonet
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
72-77
Received:
1 September 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
30 September 2021
Abstract: Background: The existence of cerebral area specifically involved in coding for writing movements in the left middle frontal gyrus is a matter of debate. We present a rare case of pure agraphia associated with a left frontal meningioma. The location of the lesion associated with this disorder could help to feed this debate. Method: We report a case of pure agraphia in a 69-year-old man. The patient had a writing disorder evolving over several months with a dominant, left frontal lesion. On neuropsychological evaluation, the writing difficulties were present whatever the nature of the writing (spontaneous, dictation, coping). The writing disorder was isolated, with no features of aphasia, alexia or limb apraxia. Phonological and lexical processing was preserved. The imaging showed a probable frontal meningioma restricted to the foot of the first and second left frontal circumvolutions (MNI coordinates /barycenter of the lesion: x=-19.8, y=1.5, z=52.2). Results: The patient was operated and the whole lesion was removed. After surgical resection, the patient’s writing disorder improved. Other components of language assessed were the same as before the surgery and showed no disturbances. The pathological study concluded on an OMS grade II atypical meningioma. Conclusion: We think that the disorder presented by our patient was related to the disturbance of the frontal graphemic center located in the Exner area. Here, we describe and analyze his condition through a neuro-anatomical and a cognitive approach.
Abstract: Background: The existence of cerebral area specifically involved in coding for writing movements in the left middle frontal gyrus is a matter of debate. We present a rare case of pure agraphia associated with a left frontal meningioma. The location of the lesion associated with this disorder could help to feed this debate. Method: We report a case ...
Show More
-
Axonal Polyneuropathy as Initial Presentation of Lupus in a 15-year-old Male Teenager “Case Report”
Paul-Cedric Mbonda,
Grâce Nkoro,
Daniel Massi Gams,
Yannick Fogang,
Callixte Kuate
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
78-81
Received:
17 July 2021
Accepted:
16 August 2021
Published:
19 October 2021
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune systemic disease, of the connectivitis group. This condition particularly affects young women between the ages of 20 and 40. Several systems are affected during the disease including the nervous system where central damage is more described than peripheral damage. We report here the case of a 15 year old male teenager with systemic lupus erythematosus whose initial clinical manifestation was acute inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy. This diagnosis was made on the basis of allodynia predominantly in gloves and socks with clinical examination of bilateral peripheral neurogenic syndrome predominant in both lower limbs all associated with fever. The electroneuromyogram showed signs of sensory and motor impairment (more marked in sensory) of the axonal type in both lower limbs, compatible with polyneuropathy. The patient developed several skin lesions such as erythematous and scaly patches on the extremities, and purpuric macules of the palms of hands. All the antibodies tested in the blood came back positive and the skin biopsy described a proliferation of vascular capillaries with a fibrous and myxoid wall, dissociated by inflammatory cells, suggesting inflammatory involvement. Under treatment with hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids, the patient presented a marked improvement in the general condition as well as on the functional level with regression of sensory and motor disorders.
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune systemic disease, of the connectivitis group. This condition particularly affects young women between the ages of 20 and 40. Several systems are affected during the disease including the nervous system where central damage is more described than peripheral damage. We report here the case of...
Show More
-
The NRF1/miR-4514/SOCS3 Pathway Is Associated with Schizophrenia Pathogenesis
Yilin Liu,
Shujun Li,
Xiao Ma,
Qing Long,
Lei Yu,
Yatang Chen,
Wenzhi Wu,
Zhichao Guo,
Zhaowei Teng,
Yong Zeng
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
82-97
Received:
27 September 2021
Accepted:
15 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common and severe mental disease. However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully established. In this study, bioinformatics was used to identify SZ-related genes and reveal the potential mechanisms of them. Methods: Gene expression profiles were obtained from the GSE46509 dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established. TargetScan and miRGen, which are based on bioinformatics algorithms, were used to predict potential candidate target miRNAs and transcription factors. Results: Compared to healthy people controls, a total of 1422 DEGs were identified in SZ patient samples. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in RNA processing, mRNA binding, and cell adhesion molecules. In addition, in the PPI network, SOCS3, FBXO9, ASB17, FBXO10, and ASB4 were identified as hub genes. In the predicted TF-miRNA-mRNA targeting regulatory network, hsa-miR-4514 was up-regulated by the highly expressed transcription factor (TF) NRF1, which down-regulated multiple hubs genes such as SOCS3, FBXO9, and FBXO10. Conclusions: Several potential biomarkers involved in SZ development were identified by bioinformatics analyses. Furthermore, our findings revealed the underpinning mechanisms of these potential biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SZ. And these results suggest a potential application value in clinical practice.
Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common and severe mental disease. However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully established. In this study, bioinformatics was used to identify SZ-related genes and reveal the potential mechanisms of them. Methods: Gene expression profiles were obtained from the GSE46509 dataset. Differentially expre...
Show More
-
Lipid Profile in HIV Patients with Stroke at Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire (Congo)
Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi,
Ghislain Armel Mpandzou,
Josué Euberma Diatewa,
Raissa Mayanda,
Patience Moudeko M’Foutou,
Dina Happia Motoula-Latou,
Charles Godefroy Koubemba,
Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet,
Donatien Moukassa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
98-101
Received:
24 September 2021
Accepted:
16 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Introduction: The objective of our study was to determine the lipid profile of HIV patients who have had a stroke at Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a hospital series of 100 patients from January 1 to July 31, 2019 in the Neurology Department of Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire. The study population consisted of patients living with HIV who had a stroke confirmed by brain scan. The biological investigation consisted of looking for variations in serum levels of the following biological parameters: CT, LDL, HDL, TG. The database was made from the 2010 version of Microsoft Excel. Results: We included 100 patients living with HIV (PLHIV), 56% of whom were women with a sex ration of 0.78. The risk factors were found: hypertension 83%, diabetes 10% and tobacco 2%. The mean age was 56.92±11.21. The mean value of the lipid profile of the study population was: Total cholesterol 1.9±0.54, HDL-cholesterol 0.47±0.29, LDL-cholesterol 1.19±0.48 and Triglycerides 0.99±0.42. Conclusion: The lipid profile of HIV patients who have had a stroke remains very disturbed with an increase in the atherogenic risk.
Abstract: Introduction: The objective of our study was to determine the lipid profile of HIV patients who have had a stroke at Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a hospital series of 100 patients from January 1 to July 31, 2019 in the Neurology Department of Loandjili General Hospita...
Show More
-
Emotional Effects Stimulated by Sad and Fearful Music: A Comparative Study Based on ERP and Behavioural Experiment
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
102-110
Received:
30 September 2021
Accepted:
19 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: In recent two decades, human brain’s response to the emotions of music has become a focus in both neuroscience and applied musicology. Rapid development in brain scanning such as ERP technique provides facilities to explore this fascinating field. How people respond to music emotionally has become a new area of study. This study is one of such explorations and aims to probe into the physical and mental effects of music with negative emotions on humans. Event-related potential (ERP) and behavioural experiment were conducted with 81 participants (20 to 28 years old) with ANOVA / t-test as the analytical tool to compare the effects of two kinds of negative emotional music, i.e., sad music and fearful music. The results showed that the participants had different neural mechanisms, willingness to listen, feelings and music preferences regarding the two types of music with negative emotions. Although fear and sadness are both negative music emotions, the emotional effects on the participants were significantly different based on brain processing. The participants did not reject sad music, but less than 5% of the participants were able to accept fearful music. There were also significant differences in the speed and intensity of the electroencephalography (EEG) responses as well as emotional stability when the participants processed these two music emotions. In sum, this study suggests that close attention people should be paid to the perception of negative emotional music to design music activities that contribute to a positive aesthetic perception.
Abstract: In recent two decades, human brain’s response to the emotions of music has become a focus in both neuroscience and applied musicology. Rapid development in brain scanning such as ERP technique provides facilities to explore this fascinating field. How people respond to music emotionally has become a new area of study. This study is one of such expl...
Show More
-
Risk Factors for Stroke Associated with HIV at Loandjili General Hospital in Pointe-Noire (Congo)
Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi,
Ghislain Armel Mpandzou,
Raissa Mayanda,
Josué Euberma Diatewa,
Patience Moudeko M’foutou,
Dina Happia Motoula-latou,
Charles Godefroy Koubemba,
Paul Macaire Ossou-nguiet,
Donatien Moukassa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
111-116
Received:
3 November 2021
Accepted:
19 November 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: Introduction: HIV infection and stroke constitute a major public health problem due to their morbidity and mortality. In people living with HIV the risk of developing a stroke is high. Objective: To establish the causal link between HIV and the onset of stroke in order to determine the risk factors for stroke associated with HIV at loandjili general hospital. Patients and Methods: It was a case-control study, prospective from January to July 2019, carried out in the department of Pointe-Noire, including any patient hospitalized for stroke confirmed by brain scan, any patient hospitalized or coming for an outpatient consultation. pathologies unrelated to stroke. The statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI info 7.2 software. Results: Two hundred patients were included in our study, including 100 cases and 100 controls. The relative frequency of HIV was 17% in cases versus 43% in controls. Young age was the risk factor for stroke associated with HIV. This risk factor was potentiated by immunosuppression of CD4 + T lymphocytes. Seventy-eight (78%) of stroke + / HIV + patients had a CD4 + count <200 / mm3. DALY was the predominant mechanism of injury with a frequency of 56% in people living with HIV. Conclusion: Stroke-HIV co-morbidity is frequent in Pointe-Noire. The risk factors for stroke / HIV + are dominated by young age. However, our study did not show a causal link between HIV and the onset of stroke.
Abstract: Introduction: HIV infection and stroke constitute a major public health problem due to their morbidity and mortality. In people living with HIV the risk of developing a stroke is high. Objective: To establish the causal link between HIV and the onset of stroke in order to determine the risk factors for stroke associated with HIV at loandjili genera...
Show More
-
Etiological Spectrum of Status Epilepticus in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A Prospective Cross-sectional Multicenter Hospital Study
Djingri Labodi Lompo,
Nagaonlé Eric Somé,
Pegde-bamba Carine Dakouré,
Adja Mariam Ouédraogo,
Ousséni Diallo,
Christian Napon,
Jean Kaboré,
Athanase Millogo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
117-123
Received:
4 November 2021
Accepted:
24 November 2021
Published:
3 December 2021
Abstract: Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, cerebrovascular aetiologies of status epilepticus (SE) are on the rise alongside infectious brain lesions. The aim of our study was to describe the etiologic spectrum of SE in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, in a high risk SE setting. Patients and methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter and hospital study of patients hospitalized consecutively in the university hospitals of the city of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, from 01/01/2015 to 12/31/2019, for SE. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical (biological, critical and / or intercritical EEG, neuroradiological) characteristics and the aetiological data of the patients were analyzed using the Epi-info 7.2.1.0 software: calculations of numbers, frequencies, averages. The significance rate was set at 0.05. Results: 91 patients hospitalized for SE were collected, with a male predominance (73.62%). The mean age was 36.6 years +/- 24.5 years (2 days and 86 years); 25 patients (27.5%) already had known epilepsy. Generalized tonic-clonic SE from the start and focal SE with convulsive bilateralization were the most common seizure types with 46 cases (50.5%) and 27 cases (29.7%), respectively. The average duration of an EME episode was 18 hours +/- 31 (5 minutes - 6 days). On admission, a focused motor deficit with 36 cases (46.7%) and fever in 28 patients (30.8%) were the main clinical signs; hyperleukocytosis with 23 cases (25.3) and anemia with 22 cases (24.2%), were the main laboratory abnormalities. On cerebral CT scan, sequelae with 33 cases (51.6%), acute stroke with 14 cases (21.9%) and acute meningoencephalitis with 8 cases (12.5%), were the most frequent. SEs symptomatic of acute brain disease, with 61 cases (67%), were dominated by infectious etiologies with 30 cases (33%) and acute strokes with 16 cases (17.6%). Among the non-acute or sequelae SEs of etiology, the sequelae of traumatic brain injury with 10 cases (11%) and the sequelae of stroke with 8 cases (8.8%) were the most represented. Conclusion: The aetiologies of SE are dominated in the Ouagadougou CHUs by CNS infections, acute or sequelae strokes and cranio-encephalic trauma. The fight against infectious diseases and the prevention of vascular risk factors will help reduce the frequency and severity of EMEs.
Abstract: Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, cerebrovascular aetiologies of status epilepticus (SE) are on the rise alongside infectious brain lesions. The aim of our study was to describe the etiologic spectrum of SE in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, in a high risk SE setting. Patients and methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, multicen...
Show More
-
A Case of Recurrent Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhoea with Meningoencephalitis
Shweta Pandey,
Rajarshi Chakraborty
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
124-128
Received:
18 November 2021
Accepted:
6 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is the leakage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity. A cerebrospinal fluid leak from intracranial cavity to nasal respiratory tract has the potential to produce fulminant meningitis because of the risk of an ascending infection. Recurrent spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is definitely a life-threatening entity that can be preventable with timely intervention. This case report describes the clinical course of a 51 year old obese female with recurrent episodes of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea presenting with high grade fever, vomiting, headache and new-onset seizure. She was evaluated for meningoencephalitis and CSF culture revealed growth of Staphylococcus arlettae. Patient improved with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and levetiracetam and was advised for early surgical repair. A longer duration of nasal discharge of CSF has greater risk of morbidity/mortality due to ascending CNS infection. The episodes of spontaneous CNS rhinorrhoea can pass by unnoticed and can also be missed for rhinosinusitis. A high suspicion of diagnosis can lead to early detection of this condition and better outcome. Treatment decisions should be dictated by the severity of neurological decline during the emergency period and the presence/absence of associated intracranial lesions. The emphasis for timely surgical repair should be advocated for better outcome.
Abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is the leakage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity. A cerebrospinal fluid leak from intracranial cavity to nasal respiratory tract has the potential to produce fulminant meningitis because of the risk of an ascending infection. Recurrent spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is definitely a life-thre...
Show More
