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The Homeostatic Protein Fam3D Orchestrates Colon Mucosal Protection Against Infection, Inflammation, and Carcinogenesis
Keqiang Chen,
Weiwei Liang,
Teizo Yoshimura,
Wanghua Gong,
Jiaqiang Huang,
Simone Difilippantonio,
Georgette Jones,
Jimmy York,
Giorgio Trinchieri,
Ying Wang,
Ji Ming Wang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
1-14
Received:
19 January 2023
Accepted:
10 February 2023
Published:
21 February 2023
Abstract: Fam3D (FAM3D in human) is a homeostatic protein expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract that plays an essential role in promoting colon mucosal development and homeostasis. However, the mechanistic basis for the action of Fam3D, particularly its relationship to colon mucosal development and microbiome balance, is less clear. In this study, Fam3D expression was increased in colon epithelial cells of germ-free (GF) Fam3D+/+ mice following E. coli infection and GF Fam3D-/- mice were more susceptible to E. coli colonization in the colon. In chemically induced colitis and colon cancer, GF Fam3D-/- mice showed more severe inflammatory responses, colon mucosal damage, and tumorigenesis. Unlike SPF mice, GF Fam3D-/- mice exhibited decreased production of the gut barrier protein Muc2. Mechanism study revealed that in colon epithelial cells, LPS upregulated Fam3D expression through TLR4, while Fam3D promoted Muc2 production through Fpr1 and Fpr2. In addition, Fam3D also upregulated the expression of MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) which is crucial for restraining inflammatory responses. Fam3D deficiency reduced MKP-1 expression, thereby increasing IL-1β and TNF-α production in colon mucosa of GF mice. Thus, Fam3D is critical in colon homeostasis and constitutes a therapeutic target for inflammatory colon diseases.
Abstract: Fam3D (FAM3D in human) is a homeostatic protein expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract that plays an essential role in promoting colon mucosal development and homeostasis. However, the mechanistic basis for the action of Fam3D, particularly its relationship to colon mucosal development and microbiome balance, is less clear. In this study, Fam3D...
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Effect of Somatostatin Plus Diclofenac in Comparison with Diclofenac Before ERCP on the Pancreatitis Double Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Homa Abri,
Farhad Zamani,
Mahsa Agahi,
Hossein Ajdarkosh,
Amirhossein Faraji,
Mahmoodreza Khoonsari,
Elham Sobhrakhshankhah,
Nima Motamed,
Masoudreza Sohrabi,
Fahimeh Safarnezhad Tameshkel,
Roghaye Sahraei,
Pardis Sadeghipour,
Mehdi Nikkhah
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
15-20
Received:
8 December 2022
Accepted:
16 February 2023
Published:
20 March 2023
Abstract: Background/Aims: Despite many therapeutic attempts, post-retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) has remained as a major challenge in interventional endoscopy. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous somatostatin plus rectal diclofenac with rectal diclofenac alone in the prevention of PEP. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, patients candidate for ERCP who accepted the study protocol were enrolled in the study between 2019 and 2021. The exclusion criteria include a history of pancreatobiliary surgery, ERCP, acute pancreatitis, contraindication, sensitivity to somatostatin, diclofenac, and pregnancy. PEP was defined as abdominal pain with elevated amylase level. Patients who received intravenous somatostatin plus diclofenac and diclofenac alone enrolled in case group and control group respectively. Patients were followed up for 24h after the procedure. Data regarding demographic, clinical presentation and laboratories results were recorded and compared. Results: A total 186 patients were enrolled, 91 in the case group and 95 as controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of PEP incidence, complications or changes in serum amylase level (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Rectal diclofenac combined with intravenous somatostatin was superior to rectal diclofenac alone to prevent PE, but without a statistically significant difference, which is probably due to the synergic effect of somatostatin and diclofenac.
Abstract: Background/Aims: Despite many therapeutic attempts, post-retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) has remained as a major challenge in interventional endoscopy. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous somatostatin plus rectal diclofenac with rectal diclofenac alone in the prevention of PEP. Methods: In a double-blind, r...
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Ileal Lipoma Causing Ileo-Ileal Intussusception: A Case Report
Arachchi Mudiyanselage Nimeshana Priyachinthaka Bandara,
Gamage Manisha Daminda Kariyawasam,
Ishan De Zoysa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
21-24
Received:
19 February 2023
Accepted:
8 March 2023
Published:
20 March 2023
Abstract: Intussusceptions are rare entities among adult and adolescent populations. It is relatively common among children. Due to the lack of specific clinical features in adult and adolescent patients, its diagnosis is often delayed. Adult and adolescent intussusception could be due to many reasons, but malignancy is one of the key causes among them. Thus, unlike in children, adult and adolescent patients need proper evaluation to find the cause of intussusception pre-operatively. Having a pre-operative diagnosis prevents unnecessary bowel resections. It also helps not to miss a malignancy and to carry out the correct surgery. Intestinal lipoma is a rare entity that could cause intussusception among adults and adolescents. But most of the lipoma does not cause any symptoms and may only find during a post-mortem following an unrelated death. Intestinal lipomas are benign lesions that can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. A quarter of intestinal lipomas occur in the small intestine. Among those lipomas, 90% arise from the submucosa of the intestine. Here we report a 17-year-old boy presented to the surgical clinic with progressively worsening colicky abdominal pain. Further imaging revealed an ileal lipoma causing intussusception. The patient was treated with laparoscopy-assisted ileal segment resection and primary anastomosis. He made an uneventful recovery. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of a lipoma and it was arising from the subserosa of the intestine, making it a rare type of lipoma. Since lipomas are benign lesion patient did not need any follow-up after the surgery. The case presented here is the first documented case in Sri Lanka of ileo-ileal intussusception as a result of a subserosal lipoma.
Abstract: Intussusceptions are rare entities among adult and adolescent populations. It is relatively common among children. Due to the lack of specific clinical features in adult and adolescent patients, its diagnosis is often delayed. Adult and adolescent intussusception could be due to many reasons, but malignancy is one of the key causes among them. Thus...
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Mechanism and Therapeutic Value of Exosomes in Gastric Cancer
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
25-31
Received:
18 April 2023
Accepted:
10 May 2023
Published:
17 May 2023
Abstract: Background Gastric cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor with a high incidence and mortality rate, which is a serious threat to life and health; therefore, early diagnosis and interventions are particularly important. Currently, emerging gastric cancer-related targets Exosomes (EXOs) are being explored, (EXOs) are various bioactive substances, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, actively secreted by various cells. It has been shown that exosomes are extensively involved in substance exchange and signal transduction between gastric cancer cells, affecting tumor proliferation and metastasis. Exosomes are biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, and are one of the hot spots in cancer research. Objective This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of related exosome detection methods and condenses a large amount of research evidence to systematically describe the characteristics of exosomes, related mechanisms and their diagnostic and therapeutic values in gastric cancer, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer and new opportunities for better treatment of gastric cancer patients. Method Through extensive reading of relevant literature, we highly summarize relevant research mechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic values, and explore and summarize the latest hot spots. Result and Conclusion EXOs as an emerging research hotspot, have extensive clinical value in gastric cancer progression. Using EXOs as key targets can provide new ideas and directions for the precise diagnosis and treatment of related GI tract tumors. It is also beneficial to the early diagnosis and of gastric cancer, and provides certain research prospects for the study of related inhibitory drugs.
Abstract: Background Gastric cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor with a high incidence and mortality rate, which is a serious threat to life and health; therefore, early diagnosis and interventions are particularly important. Currently, emerging gastric cancer-related targets Exosomes (EXOs) are being explored, (EXOs) are various bioactive substances, ...
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Association Between Food Specific IgG Antibodies with Clinical Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Parhusip Santi,
Rengganis Iris,
Simadibrata Marcellus,
Abdullah Murdani,
Shatri Hamzah,
Evy Yunihastuti,
Wibowo Heri
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
32-39
Received:
11 November 2022
Accepted:
8 December 2022
Published:
31 May 2023
Abstract: Background and aim: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease that is influenced by food, an important factor in accelerating its clinical disease activity because of intestinal inflammation trough formation of antigen-antibody complex. Food-specific IgG examination can identify the types of person foods consumes that are maybe responsible for disease activity. It is useful in treating IBD without risking malnourishment as it is tailored to the individual immune profile. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 113 patients diagnosed with IBD by colonoscopy. Examination of serum IgG specific for 220 types of foods was performed using ELISA and immuno-array techniques. Disease clinical activity was assessed using the Mayo Index and Crohn Disease Activity Index. Results: The highest proportion of dietary IgG in Chron’s disease was peas (100%), barley (97.9%), eggs (95.9%), milk (81.6%), and corn (75.5%); while in ulcerative colitis it was barley (98.4%), peas (96.8%), egg whites (92.2%), corn (82.8%), and prunes (78.1%). In ulcerative colitis, there was a weak negative correlation between cashew nuts IgG (r = -0.347, p=0.041) and chickpeas IgG (r =-0.473, p=0.017) with clinical disease activity; while in Chron’s disease, a weak positive correlation with disease activity was seen in barley (r = 0.261, p = 0.042). Conclusion: There was a weak negative correlation between cashew and chickpea-specific IgG antibodies with clinical activity of ulcerative colitis, and a weak positive correlation between barley-specific IgG antibodies and Chron’s disease clinical activity.
Abstract: Background and aim: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease that is influenced by food, an important factor in accelerating its clinical disease activity because of intestinal inflammation trough formation of antigen-antibody complex. Food-specific IgG examination can identify the types of person foods consumes that are maybe resp...
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