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Dynamic Changes of CD16+ Monocytes in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Its Significance
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
82-89
Received:
18 May 2023
Accepted:
6 June 2023
Published:
8 July 2023
Abstract: Background: The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unclear and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. Objective: To explore the trend and clinical significance of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtypes in patients with AS. Method: Detect plasma levels of seven cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ), analyze the correlation between the percentage of CD16+monocyte subtypes and cytokine expression at the same level. Result: Compared with the control group, the plasma levels of five cytokines in the AS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and were positively correlated with the content of CD16+monocytes. Conclusion: CD16+monocytes are closely related to the occurrence of AS; Detecting CD16+monocyte subtypes in patients' peripheral blood can provide new experimental indicators for the diagnosis of AS. Taking AS as a starting point, it provides a new research direction for the treatment and prognosis detection of other autoimmune diseases in the future.
Abstract: Background: The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unclear and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. Objective: To explore the trend and clinical significance of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtypes in patients with AS. Method: Detect plasma levels of seven cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ)...
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Successful Visual Recovery: A Challenge to Overcome After Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Jacqueline Machin Perez,
Tania Milagros Fernandez Dominguez,
Grester Anais Pineda Duran,
Yenny Perez Recio,
Lianne Morales Cardenas,
Daniuby Perez Aguedo,
Yuleika Nunez Rojas,
Eri Sanchez Lopez
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
90-96
Received:
21 May 2023
Accepted:
3 July 2023
Published:
13 July 2023
Abstract: Introduction: pediatric cataracts are rare, but challenging. Diagnosis delay and prompt treatment of this condition can lead to significant visual loss. The aim of the study was to evaluate the visual recovery after pediatric cataract surgery. Methods: a retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted at the Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja Children's Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2022. This included a sample of 65 eyes, corresponding to 52 patients. The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, etiology, poor preoperative visual prognostic factors, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, as well as complications. Results: The age group 5 to 9 years predominated with 34.6% and the male sex with 78.8%. Congenital etiology represented 60% and the most relevant poor preoperative visual prognostic factors were strabismus (16.9%) and other ocular anomalies (20%). Preoperative visual acuity of light perception at 0.2 was present in 69.2% and postoperative visual acuity between 0.6 and 1.0 was obtained in 58.5%, reaching the vision unit 32.3% of the cases. The most common complication was posterior capsule opacity in 32.3%, and glaucoma was present in 4.6%. Conclusions: strabismus and other ocular anomalies that may negatively influence the final visual outcome after pediatric cataract surgery. However, good results are obtained with early diagnosis and timely treatment. Minimal incision has proven to be one of the most advantageous techniques in pediatric patients and additional procedures such as pupilloplasty may be necessary. Prevention and management of complications are also vital for a successful visual recovery.
Abstract: Introduction: pediatric cataracts are rare, but challenging. Diagnosis delay and prompt treatment of this condition can lead to significant visual loss. The aim of the study was to evaluate the visual recovery after pediatric cataract surgery. Methods: a retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted at the Octavio de la Concepción d...
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The Status of Solar Energy Utilization and Development in Ethiopia
Ashenafi Bekele Mulatu,
Workneh Ayall Negash,
Menberu Teshome
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
97-108
Received:
17 February 2023
Accepted:
8 July 2023
Published:
24 July 2023
Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with abundant solar renewable energy resources, which can meet the ambitions of nationwide electrification. However, despite all its available potential, the country’s energy sector especially solar energy is still in its infancy stage. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the present status of solar energy utilization and development in Ethiopia and any possible challenges that may hinder its’ utilization and development. Regarding the methodology of the study, a systematic review was used to collect data. Data were collected from selected articles and journals based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; mainly based on their level of relevance to the topic under study. Hence, this paper was prepared by reviewing the findings of empirical research results which were conducted in different parts of Ethiopia. Literature was collected thoroughly from main scientific databases like the Web of Science, Journal of citation report, Scopus, Google Scholar, citation tracing and science direct. Those articles dealing with the status of solar energy utilization have been considered for the selection process by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria employed to incorporate different related studies into a systematic review were the time of publication, similarity, type of publication and scope of the journal between 2015 and 2022 years. From the total of 192 articles assessed, only 12 were identified for this systematic review. Most of the articles included in the study were case studies and qualitative and mixed studies. The analysis result of this research shows that increasing the participation of photovoltaic energy in the renewable energy market requires raising awareness regarding its benefits; increasing the research and development of new technologies; implementing public policies and a program that will encourage photovoltaic energy generation. It also found that the main applications of solar energy in Ethiopia are dominated by telecommunications, water pumping, public lighting, agriculture, water heating, and grain drying.
Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with abundant solar renewable energy resources, which can meet the ambitions of nationwide electrification. However, despite all its available potential, the country’s energy sector especially solar energy is still in its infancy stage. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the present status of solar energ...
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Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Gly-Gly Based Dipeptide
Ike Ozoemena Christian,
Okoro Uchechukwu Christopher,
Aguoma Chinedu Chris,
Orjioke Nwakaego Marytheresa,
Ugwu David Izuchukwu,
Nweloke Regina Chinyere,
Orie Kingsley John,
Nsude Okechukwu Paul,
Okoye Nebeolisa Johnson,
Eze Cosmos Chibuike,
Attah Solomon Izuchukwu,
Ugwu Michael Chukwuemeka
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
109-114
Received:
11 March 2023
Accepted:
10 July 2023
Published:
24 July 2023
Abstract: Background: The reported rise in drug-resistant bacteria, as well as the prevalence of oxidative stress-related disorders, motivated the need for novel antimicrobial and antioxidants activity. The synthesis of gly-gly based dipeptides bearing sulphonamide functionalities is reported. Methodology: The base promoted reaction of appropriate substituted benzenesulphonyl chloride with L-glycine afforded compounds (3a-3b) and the condensation reaction of (3a-3b) with carboxamide derivatives gave the targeted products (7a-7b) using peptide coupling reagent. The characterization of compounds was done using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR and HRMS. Results: In the in vitro antimicrobial activity, compounds 7a (MIC 6.10 mg/mL), 7ai (MIC 7.01 mg/mL), 7b (MIC 7.42 mg/mL), 7bi (MIC 6.32 mg/mL) was most potent against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli respectively. Compounds 7a (MIC 6.90 mg/mL) and 7b (MIC 6.48 mg/mL) were most active against C. Albicans and A. Niger respectively. Compound 7a and 7bi (85.00% and 88.78% at 25mg/mL) exhibits excellent percentage inhibition antioxidant activities comparable with vitamin C (90.78% at 25mg/mL) and alsocompound 7bi had the best IC50 values of 0.7674 mg/mL. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds were found to be potent antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agents.
Abstract: Background: The reported rise in drug-resistant bacteria, as well as the prevalence of oxidative stress-related disorders, motivated the need for novel antimicrobial and antioxidants activity. The synthesis of gly-gly based dipeptides bearing sulphonamide functionalities is reported. Methodology: The base promoted reaction of appropriate substitute...
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Analysis of Current and Future Water Demand Situation in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia
Workneh Ayall Negash,
Ashenafi Bekele Mulatu,
Menberu Teshome
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
115-129
Received:
12 July 2023
Accepted:
27 July 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: Water scarcity will affect the majority of the world's countries by 2025. The majority of developing countries in Africa and Asia are severely impacted by issues related to access to clean and safe potable drinking water. Water production and demand are unbalanced, and as a result of the continuous interruption of the water supply system, residents are experiencing water-related problems. Clean water resources are becoming scarce as a result of climate change and population growth. The main objective of the study is to analyze the current and future water demand situation in the Gondar city administration. In this study, the researcher used a cross-sectional research design based on the ground that helps advantageous to collect details of data from organizational reports of Gondar city water and sanitation office and Gondar city municipal in a short period of time. All data used in this study were secondary obtained from Gondar city water supply and sanitation offices daily, monthly and annual reports and from Gondar city municipal. Secondary research or desk research data analysis methods were used to achieve the study's general and specific objectives. The data obtained from secondary sources has been combined and presented in the form tables, charts, and figures combined with empirical evidence. A quantitative study was carried out in this research. The secondary sources include the National Water and Sanitation authority of Ethiopia, Gondar city Gondar city water supply and sanitation offices, and Gondar city municipality, Total population covered by the public water supply system, Per capita water demand per day, Design capacity and actual water production of Gondar public water supply system, and daily operational hours of public water supply system. Analysis of the current conditions was completed by evaluating the performance of the current water supply. The result was showing all water source were produced under their capacity because of detail study problem, management problem, energy inconsistency, seasonality of precipitation, electromechanically inefficiency, high migration to the city and high urbanization rate. The future water demand for casting were did from 2021-2034 the results again show that their water demand and supply imbalance will continue until 2029. Because of high population growth rate and urbanization expansion. Based on the present water design of the city the water balance between demand and supply will fully recovery after 2029. In generally to fill the gap between demand and water supply the city water supply and sanitation office should give attention to solve water scarcity of the Gondar city in the coming 12 years.
Abstract: Water scarcity will affect the majority of the world's countries by 2025. The majority of developing countries in Africa and Asia are severely impacted by issues related to access to clean and safe potable drinking water. Water production and demand are unbalanced, and as a result of the continuous interruption of the water supply system, residents...
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Research on Non-Reactive Brazed Connections of Steel/Ceramics
Yuqiang Liu,
Yan Zhang,
Jianping Zhou,
Daqian Sun,
Hongmei Li
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
130-133
Received:
17 July 2023
Accepted:
7 August 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: The joining of dissimilar materials of ceramics and metals has been a hot research topic for both theoretical and practical applications at home and abroad. Connecting ceramics and metals together can combine the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of ceramics with the strong toughness of metals, becoming an ideal structural material and expanding the application fields of ceramics. The results of decades of research on ceramic and metal welding methods by countless scholars have shown that some of the joining problems have been solved, but the strength and heat resistance of ceramic/metal joints are still far from the requirements of using ceramic/metal joints. This paper reviews the current literature and practical applications, and after analysis, it is concluded that the effective methods for realizing ceramic-metal joints are mainly brazing, which has a very wide range of potential value in practical applications. However, these methods also have obvious drawbacks, leading to limitations in their own applications. For example, brazing generally requires a high surface quality of the workpiece, and this method of welding is only suitable for small workpieces and most lap joints, thus limiting its use in industrial production and making it unsuitable for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, inactive brazing permits effective ceramic/metal joining at high temperatures, which compensates to some extent for the disadvantages of brazing.
Abstract: The joining of dissimilar materials of ceramics and metals has been a hot research topic for both theoretical and practical applications at home and abroad. Connecting ceramics and metals together can combine the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of ceramics with the strong toughness of metals, becoming an ideal ...
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Research on Reactive Brazed Connections of Steel/Ceramics
Yuqiang Liu,
Yan Zhang,
Jianping Zhou,
Daqian Sun,
Hongmei Li
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
134-137
Received:
17 July 2023
Accepted:
3 August 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: Ceramics are widely used in aerospace and industrial production due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to the shortcomings of ceramics, such as high hardness and brittleness, it is difficult to be processed into the shapes required for engineering applications, and it needs to be connected with metals to form ceramic/metal composites with complementary properties, and the selection of suitable connection technology becomes the key to determine the strength of ceramic/metal properties. And reactive brazing in the connection of ceramics and metal showed very superior mechanical properties. The active element can effectively wet the ceramic and form a reaction layer through diffusion, which enhances the stability and connection strength of ceramic/metal joints. At the same time, the active brazing material can efficiently relieve the residual thermal stress, which plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the joint. This paper summarizes the current research status of ceramic/metal brazed joints at home and abroad in recent years, analyzes the microscopic morphology, interfacial structure and mechanical properties of the joints, and concludes that the joints are generally composed of the structure of metal base material + reaction layer + reactive brazing material + reaction layer + ceramic base material, of which the reaction layer depends on brazing material to a large extent. Finally, the problems of metal/ceramic in the joining process are summarized.
Abstract: Ceramics are widely used in aerospace and industrial production due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to the shortcomings of ceramics, such as high hardness and brittleness, it is difficult to be processed into the shapes required for engineering applications, and it needs to be connected with metals to form ceramic/metal compo...
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