Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications

Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele; Valery kouandete Doko; Edem Chabi; Boris Ganmavo; Mohamed Gibigaye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications

Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele^*

, Valery kouandete Doko, Edem Chabi, Boris Ganmavo

, Mohamed Gibigaye

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 5)

Received: 7 October 2026 Accepted: 15 October 2026 Published: 28 October 2026

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Abstract

The valorization of construction waste to improve locally available geomaterials offers a promising approach to sustainable pavement construction. This study investigates the effects of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) and crushed granite (CG) on the mechanical performance of ferrallitic soil from Tori-Dokanmey. Two series of mixtures were evaluated: soil stabilized with PCW alone and optimized mixtures incorporating both PCW and CG. Mechanical performance was assessed at different curing ages through compressive strength, three-point flexural tensile strength, secant modulus (E50), and static elastic modulus (Est). The results showed that PCW incorporation improved the long-term mechanical properties of the soil, primarily through enhanced particle packing and reduced internal porosity. Combining CG with PCW further improved performance by forming a denser granular skeleton and facilitating stress transfer within the material. Consequently, the optimized mixtures exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths and greater stiffness than both untreated soil and mixtures stabilized with PCW alone. These findings highlight the complementary effects of CG and PCW and their potential to enhance locally available ferrallitic soil for pavement applications, while promoting construction waste valorization and the development of sustainable road materials in tropical regions.

Published in	Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
Page(s)	285-297
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ferralitic Soil, Pulverized Ceramic Waste, Crushed Granite, Flexural Strength, Elastic Modulus, Sustainable Pavement

References

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APA Style

Agbelele, C. R. T., Doko, V. K., Chabi, E., Ganmavo, B., Gibigaye, M. (2026). Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 11(5), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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ACS Style

Agbelele, C. R. T.; Doko, V. K.; Chabi, E.; Ganmavo, B.; Gibigaye, M. Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2026, 11(5), 285-297. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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AMA Style

Agbelele CRT, Doko VK, Chabi E, Ganmavo B, Gibigaye M. Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2026;11(5):285-297. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14,
  author = {Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele and Valery kouandete Doko and Edem Chabi and Boris Ganmavo and Mohamed Gibigaye},
  title = {Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {285-297},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20261105.14},
  abstract = {The valorization of construction waste to improve locally available geomaterials offers a promising approach to sustainable pavement construction. This study investigates the effects of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) and crushed granite (CG) on the mechanical performance of ferrallitic soil from Tori-Dokanmey. Two series of mixtures were evaluated: soil stabilized with PCW alone and optimized mixtures incorporating both PCW and CG. Mechanical performance was assessed at different curing ages through compressive strength, three-point flexural tensile strength, secant modulus (E50), and static elastic modulus (Est). The results showed that PCW incorporation improved the long-term mechanical properties of the soil, primarily through enhanced particle packing and reduced internal porosity. Combining CG with PCW further improved performance by forming a denser granular skeleton and facilitating stress transfer within the material. Consequently, the optimized mixtures exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths and greater stiffness than both untreated soil and mixtures stabilized with PCW alone. These findings highlight the complementary effects of CG and PCW and their potential to enhance locally available ferrallitic soil for pavement applications, while promoting construction waste valorization and the development of sustainable road materials in tropical regions.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications
AU  - Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele
AU  - Valery kouandete Doko
AU  - Edem Chabi
AU  - Boris Ganmavo
AU  - Mohamed Gibigaye
Y1  - 2026/10/28
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 285
EP  - 297
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
AB  - The valorization of construction waste to improve locally available geomaterials offers a promising approach to sustainable pavement construction. This study investigates the effects of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) and crushed granite (CG) on the mechanical performance of ferrallitic soil from Tori-Dokanmey. Two series of mixtures were evaluated: soil stabilized with PCW alone and optimized mixtures incorporating both PCW and CG. Mechanical performance was assessed at different curing ages through compressive strength, three-point flexural tensile strength, secant modulus (E50), and static elastic modulus (Est). The results showed that PCW incorporation improved the long-term mechanical properties of the soil, primarily through enhanced particle packing and reduced internal porosity. Combining CG with PCW further improved performance by forming a denser granular skeleton and facilitating stress transfer within the material. Consequently, the optimized mixtures exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths and greater stiffness than both untreated soil and mixtures stabilized with PCW alone. These findings highlight the complementary effects of CG and PCW and their potential to enhance locally available ferrallitic soil for pavement applications, while promoting construction waste valorization and the development of sustainable road materials in tropical regions.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele

Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7053-5166
Valery kouandete Doko

Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
Edem Chabi

School of Rural Engineering, National University of Agriculture, Ketou, Benin
Boris Ganmavo

Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4252-8646
Mohamed Gibigaye

Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

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APA Style

Agbelele, C. R. T., Doko, V. K., Chabi, E., Ganmavo, B., Gibigaye, M. (2026). Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 11(5), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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ACS Style

Agbelele, C. R. T.; Doko, V. K.; Chabi, E.; Ganmavo, B.; Gibigaye, M. Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2026, 11(5), 285-297. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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AMA Style

Agbelele CRT, Doko VK, Chabi E, Ganmavo B, Gibigaye M. Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2026;11(5):285-297. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14,
  author = {Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele and Valery kouandete Doko and Edem Chabi and Boris Ganmavo and Mohamed Gibigaye},
  title = {Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {285-297},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20261105.14},
  abstract = {The valorization of construction waste to improve locally available geomaterials offers a promising approach to sustainable pavement construction. This study investigates the effects of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) and crushed granite (CG) on the mechanical performance of ferrallitic soil from Tori-Dokanmey. Two series of mixtures were evaluated: soil stabilized with PCW alone and optimized mixtures incorporating both PCW and CG. Mechanical performance was assessed at different curing ages through compressive strength, three-point flexural tensile strength, secant modulus (E50), and static elastic modulus (Est). The results showed that PCW incorporation improved the long-term mechanical properties of the soil, primarily through enhanced particle packing and reduced internal porosity. Combining CG with PCW further improved performance by forming a denser granular skeleton and facilitating stress transfer within the material. Consequently, the optimized mixtures exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths and greater stiffness than both untreated soil and mixtures stabilized with PCW alone. These findings highlight the complementary effects of CG and PCW and their potential to enhance locally available ferrallitic soil for pavement applications, while promoting construction waste valorization and the development of sustainable road materials in tropical regions.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synergistic Effect of Pulverized Ceramic Waste and Crushed Granite on the Mechanical Performance of Ferralitic Soil for Sustainable Pavement Applications
AU  - Coovi Rocambols Thede Agbelele
AU  - Valery kouandete Doko
AU  - Edem Chabi
AU  - Boris Ganmavo
AU  - Mohamed Gibigaye
Y1  - 2026/10/28
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 285
EP  - 297
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20261105.14
AB  - The valorization of construction waste to improve locally available geomaterials offers a promising approach to sustainable pavement construction. This study investigates the effects of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) and crushed granite (CG) on the mechanical performance of ferrallitic soil from Tori-Dokanmey. Two series of mixtures were evaluated: soil stabilized with PCW alone and optimized mixtures incorporating both PCW and CG. Mechanical performance was assessed at different curing ages through compressive strength, three-point flexural tensile strength, secant modulus (E50), and static elastic modulus (Est). The results showed that PCW incorporation improved the long-term mechanical properties of the soil, primarily through enhanced particle packing and reduced internal porosity. Combining CG with PCW further improved performance by forming a denser granular skeleton and facilitating stress transfer within the material. Consequently, the optimized mixtures exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths and greater stiffness than both untreated soil and mixtures stabilized with PCW alone. These findings highlight the complementary effects of CG and PCW and their potential to enhance locally available ferrallitic soil for pavement applications, while promoting construction waste valorization and the development of sustainable road materials in tropical regions.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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