Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer

Jianbao Fu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

Research Article |

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Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer

Jianbao Fu^*

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 5)

Received: 28 April 2026 Accepted: 4 September 2026 Published: 22 September 2026

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Abstract

To develop an alkali-activated steel slag-slag based soft soil stabilizer meeting the requirements of the Chinese standard Soft Soil Stabilizer (CJT 526-2018), 22 mixture proportions were designed. The effects of water glass modulus (1.25–2.1), liquid-to-binder ratio (0.35–0.5), cellulose ether content (0–0.3 parts by mass), and steel slag/slag ratio (80:120–120:80) on the initial fluidity, 30 min fluidity, 60 min fluidity and initial setting time of the pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that only the mixtures with a liquid-to-binder ratio ≥0.5, water glass modulus ≥1.9 and cellulose ether content ≥0.1% fully meet the standard requirements. Among them, J21 (0.2% cellulose ether) exhibits the best performance: initial fluidity of 200 mm, 30 min fluidity of 174 mm, 60 min fluidity of 131 mm, and initial setting time of 298 min. At a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.45, even with 0.2% cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity remains below 65 mm; at a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.5 without cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity is only 70 mm; when the modulus is below 1.8, the initial setting time is always less than 45 min. Mechanism analysis indicates that a high modulus (≥1.9) prolongs the polycondensation induction period by providing polymerized silicate anions, thus ensuring a sufficient initial setting time; a high liquid-to-binder ratio (0.5) provides ample free water for lubrication and reaction buffering; cellulose ether synergistically maintains the integrity of the water film at 60 min through water retention and steric hindrance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an optimal mixture proportion for the engineering application of alkali-activated soft soil stabilizers.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
Page(s)	375-381
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Steel Slag, Slag, Alkali-activated Stabilizer, Fluidity, Setting Time

1．引言

软土固化剂是用于原位加固软土地基的关键材料，传统上以硅酸盐水泥为主

[1-4]

。然而水泥生产能耗高、CO₂排放量大，且在某些高含水率软土中固化效果欠佳

[5, 6]

。碱激发胶凝材料利用工业副产物（如矿渣、钢渣、粉煤灰）在碱性激发剂作用下生成类似水泥的水化产物，具有低碳、低成本、高早期强度等优势，成为水泥基固化剂的潜在替代品

[7-11]

。

《软土固化剂》（CJT 526-2018）对固化剂的施工性能提出了明确要求：初始流动度≥100 mm、30 min流动度≥90 mm、60 min流动度≥80 mm、初凝时间≥45 min

[12]

。这些指标直接关系到固化剂的可泵送性、可搅拌性以及现场施工窗口期。钢渣和矿渣作为常见的富钙铝硅酸盐废渣，在碱激发下具有良好的胶凝活性，但二者的反应速率、需水性以及碱激发剂参数（模数、碱含量）对浆体流变性和凝结时间的影响尚不清晰，尤其是如何通过配比设计同时满足流动度和初凝时间的双重要求，缺乏系统研究

[13, 14]

。

本文基于正交或单因素试验设计，制备了22组不同配比的钢渣-矿渣碱激发浆体，测试了其初始、30 min、60 min流动度及初凝时间，重点分析了水玻璃模数、液胶比、纤维素醚掺量及钢渣/矿渣比例的影响规律，揭示了满足标准要求的协同调控机理，旨在为高工作性碱激发软土固化剂的开发提供理论和数据支撑。

2．试验概况

2.1．试验材料

试验所用主要材料为钢渣（200~300目）、S95级矿渣、38Be水玻璃、20%氢氧化钠溶液、羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC，4万粘度），材料主要成分与性能见表1。

表1 试验材料主要性质。

材料	核心成分与性能
钢渣	Fe₂O₃38.93%、SiO₂28.37%、CaO8.67%
矿渣	39.29%CaO 、33.06%SiO2 、15.04%Al2O3
水玻璃	波美度38Be，模数3.2，SiO₂ 8%，Na₂O 25%
氢氧化钠	20%浓度溶液
纤维素醚	HPMC，4 万粘度

2.2．试验方案

固定钢渣+矿渣为基准胶凝材料，设计22组配比试验（见表2），变量包括：

液胶比：0.35~0.5

模数：1.25~2.1

钢渣：矿渣=80:120~120:80

纤维素醚掺量：0~0.3份

测试指标：流动度（初始、30min、60min）、初凝时间、终凝时间，评判依据《软土固化剂》（CJT 526-2018）。

表2 试验配比。

编号	钢渣	矿渣	水玻璃	水	氢氧化钠	纤维素醚	液胶比	模数
J1	100	100	29.7	26.1	24.2	0	0.4	1.25
J2	100	100	31.6	29.4	19	0	0.4	1.49
J3	100	100	33.4	31.5	15.1	0	0.4	1.72
J4	100	100	29.7	36.1	24.2	0	0.45	1.25
J5	100	100	31.6	39.4	19	0	0.45	1.49
J6	100	100	33.4	41.5	15.1	0	0.45	1.72
J7	100	100	36.8	40	13.2	0	0.45	1.9
J8	100	100	35.6	36	14.4	0	0.43	1.81
J9	100	100	39.2	36	10.8	0	0.43	2.1
J10	100	100	33	42	11.9	0	0.43	1.9
J11	100	100	40.5	31	14.5	0	0.43	1.9
J12	100	100	36	40	14	0	0.45	1.84
J13	100	100	20	62.8	7.2	0	0.45	1.90
J14	120	80	36.8	40	13.2	0	0.45	1.90
J15	120	80	36.8	40	13.2	0	0.45	1.90
J16	80	120	36.8	40	13.2	0	0.45	1.90
J17	100	100	36.8	40	13.2	0.1	0.45	1.90
J18	100	100	36.8	40	13.2	0.2	0.45	1.90
J19	100	100	36.8	50	13.2	0	0.5	1.90
J20	100	100	36.8	50	13.2	0.1	0.5	1.90
J21	100	100	36.8	50	13.2	0.2	0.5	1.90
J22	100	100	36.8	50	13.2	0.3	0.5	1.90

注：1. 表中液胶比和模数为无量纲参数，钢渣、矿渣、水玻璃、氢氧化钠、水、纤维素醚的单位为质量份数；J15组额外添加了2份水泥。

2.3．测试方法

流动度：参照《水泥胶砂流动度测定方法》（GB/T 2419-2005），测定初始、30 min、60 min的流动度。测试时浆体在截锥圆模中捣实后垂直提起，测量两个垂直方向直径取平均值

[15]

。

初凝时间：参照《水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、安定性检验方法》（GB/T 1346-2011），采用维卡仪测定，以试针沉入浆体距底板4±1 mm时作为初凝

[16]

。

3．试验结果与分析

3.1．试验结果

通过试验，测定了各组试样的流动度和初凝时间，见表3。根据《软土固化剂》（CJT 526-2018），固化剂核心指标为流动度和初凝时间，初始流动度≥100mm、30min流动度≥90mm、60min≥80mm、初凝时间≥45min。

表3 试样流动度与初凝时间。

编号	流动度（mm）			初凝时间（min）
编号	初始	30min	60min	初凝时间（min）
J1	130	60	60	18
J2	118	60	60	23
J3	83	60	60	16
J4	173	60	60	27
J5	170	60	60	33
J6	150	60	60	44
J7	165	115	68	159
J8	130	60	60	44
J9	93	63	60	129
J10	139	80	60	85
J11	130	65	60	141
J12	150	112.5	65	78
J13	125	60	60	240
J14	148	80	60	155
J15	60	60	60	46
J16	160	113	62	151
J17	145	97	60	136
J18	148	103	63	146
J19	175	150	70	293
J20	192	167	125	215
J21	200	174	131	298
J22	194	155	95	312

3.2．满足标准要求的组别识别

各组试样的流动度及初凝时间见表3。评判依据《软土固化剂》（CJT 526-2018）要求：初始≥100 mm、30 min≥90 mm、60 min≥80 mm、初凝≥45 min。

满足全部指标的组别：仅有J20、J21、J22三组。其关键配比均为：钢渣:矿渣=100:100，水玻璃模数1.90，液胶比0.5，纤维素醚掺量分别为0.1、0.2、0.3份。具体性能：

（1）J20：初始192 mm，30 min 167 mm，60 min 125 mm，初凝215 min；

（2）J21：初始200 mm，30 min 174 mm，60 min 131 mm，初凝298 min；

（3）J22：初始194 mm，30 min 155 mm，60 min 95 mm，初凝312 min。

不满足指标的主要失效模式：

（1）初凝时间不足（<45 min）：J1~J6、J8，初凝仅16~44 min，且30 min流动度均降至60 mm；

（2）60 min流动度不足（<80 mm）：J7、J9~J19（其中J19初凝293 min但60 min=70 mm；J7、J12、J16等60 min≈65~68 mm；J17、J18虽加纤维素醚但液胶比0.45，60 min仅60~63 mm）；

（3）初始流动度不足：J3（83 mm）、J9（93 mm）、J15（60 mm）。

3.3．水玻璃模数对凝结时间与流动度的影响

模数低于1.8的组别（J1~J6、J8）初凝时间均小于45 min，最短仅16 min。这是由于低模数水玻璃中Na₂O含量高，溶液pH值极高（>13.5），硅酸根主要以单体或二聚体形式存在，聚合活性强。在碱激发初期，OH⁻迅速破坏矿渣和钢渣的玻璃体结构，释放出大量Ca²⁺和低聚硅酸根，两者快速反应生成C-S-H凝胶并形成三维网络，导致浆体在20~30 min内丧失流动性并凝结。与此同时，反应消耗大量自由水，加剧了流动度衰减——所有低模数组的30 min流动度均降至60 mm。

当模数提高至1.9（J7、J12~J22等），水玻璃中硅酸根以三聚、四聚体为主，聚合度较高。这些聚合离子需要先解聚为低聚体才能参与缩聚反应，从而显著延长了反应诱导期。因此，J7虽无纤维素醚且液胶比仅0.45，初凝仍达159 min；J19~J22的初凝更是超过215 min。高模数是保障初凝时间≥45 min的化学基础。

3.4．液胶比的阈值效应

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Figure 1. 图1 液胶比与初始流动度的关系。

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Figure 2. 图2 液胶比与30min流动度的关系。

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Figure 3. 图3 液胶比与60min流动度的关系。

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Figure 4. 图4 液胶比与初凝时间的关系。

图1~图3为液胶比与流动度的关系，图4为液胶比与初凝时间的关系。由图可知，整体来说液胶比越大，固化剂流动度越大，初凝时间越长。

对比J19（液胶比0.5，无纤维素醚）与J7（液胶比0.45，无纤维素醚）：J19的60 min流动度为70 mm，高于J7的68 mm，但仍未达标。这说明仅靠提高液胶比至0.5，虽能提供更多的自由水，但缺乏保水剂时，水化反应和蒸发仍会使水膜在60 min内显著变薄。

更重要的是对比J17、J18（液胶比0.45，纤维素醚0.1%、0.2%）与J20、J21（液胶比0.5，相同纤维素醚掺量）：

J17（0.45+0.1%）：60 min=60 mm，不达标；

J18（0.45+0.2%）：60 min=63 mm，不达标；

J20（0.5+0.1%）：60 min=125 mm，达标；

J21（0.5+0.2%）：60 min=131 mm，达标。

可见，液胶比0.5是维持60 min流动度≥80 mm的最低门槛。当液胶比低于0.5时，即使掺加纤维素醚，水储备总量不足，60 min后颗粒间水膜破裂，摩擦阻力剧增，流动度急剧下降。液胶比0.5提供了足够的自由水作为“缓冲池”，部分水被水化产物结合或蒸发后，剩余水仍能保持颗粒间的润滑层。

3.5．纤维素醚的保水与增稠作用

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Figure 5. 图5 纤维素醚与初始流动度的关系。

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Figure 6. 图6 纤维素醚与60min流动度的关系。

图5和图6为纤维素醚与流动度的关系曲线，由图可以看出，随着纤维素醚含量的增加，初始流动度和60min流动度都先增大后减小。

纤维素醚（HPMC）通过分子链上的羟基与水形成氢键，显著降低水的蒸发速率；同时吸附在颗粒表面，形成空间位阻层，防止水化产物过度挤出水膜。

在液胶比0.5的基础上，无纤维素醚时（J19）60 min流动度仅70 mm；添加0.1%（J20）跃升至125 mm；添加0.2%（J21）进一步提高至131 mm，初凝时间延长至298 min。这表明适量纤维素醚能有效保水，延长流动保持时间。

当掺量增至0.3%（J22）时，60 min流动度降至95 mm（仍达标），但30 min→60 min降幅从J21的43 mm（174→131）增大至60 mm（155→95）。过量纤维素醚使初始浆体粘度过高，且碱性环境下可能形成局部凝胶团，加剧经时流动度损失。

值得注意的是，当液胶比仅0.45时，即使掺加0.2%纤维素醚（J18），60 min流动度仍仅有63 mm。说明纤维素醚的保水作用依赖于充足的自由水储备，二者必须协同。

3.6．钢渣/矿渣比例的影响

比较J7（钢渣：矿渣=100：100）、J14（120:80）、J16（80:120），三者液胶比均为0.45、模数1.9、无纤维素醚：

初始流动度：J7（165）>J16（160）>J14（148），矿渣比例高时需水量略低。

60 min流动度：J7 68 mm、J16 62 mm、J14 60 mm，均不达标且差异不大。说明调整比例无法替代高液胶比和纤维素醚。

3.7．特殊组别分析：J13（极低激发剂）

J13水玻璃仅20份、氢氧化钠7.2份，液胶比0.45，初凝时间＞240 min，但30 min流动度从125 mm降至60 mm。该现象表明：碱度不足时，矿渣和钢渣表面仅发生局部溶解，生成少量无定形凝胶，这些凝胶无法形成连续网络（故不凝结），却足以填充颗粒间隙并消耗水膜，导致流动度经时损失。这是一种“假凝”行为，对实际施工极为不利。

综合上述分析，实现CJT 526-2018要求的物理化学机理可归纳为：

（1）高模数（≥1.9）— 调控反应动力学

聚合态硅酸根（三聚、四聚以上）需先解聚为低聚体，大幅延长缩聚诱导期，确保初凝时间≥45 min，并为流动保持提供时间窗口。

（2）高液胶比（0.5）— 提供水储备与润滑膜

总自由水增至胶凝材料的50%，初始水膜厚度大；水化耗水后仍有剩余水维持颗粒间润滑，防止60 min内发生固-固接触。

（3）适量纤维素醚（0.1%~0.2%）— 保水与空间位阻

氢键保水减缓水分蒸发和反应消耗；吸附层阻止凝胶网络过早紧密接触，延缓水膜破裂。与高液胶比协同，将60 min流动度从70 mm提升至125 mm以上。

三者构成一个完整的调控体系：高模数“买时间”，高液胶比“备水源”，纤维素醚“锁水分”。缺少任何一环，均无法同时满足四项指标。

4．结论

本文通过室内试验，得到如下结论：

（1）在22组碱激发钢渣-矿渣配比中，仅同时满足水玻璃模数≥1.9、液胶比=0.5、纤维素醚掺量≥0.1%的组别完全达到《软土固化剂》（CJT 526-2018）的流动度与初凝时间要求。

（2）水玻璃模数低于1.8时，初凝时间不足45min，且30 min流动度即降至60mm；模数达到1.9后，聚合态硅酸根显著延长缩聚诱导期，是保障初凝时间的化学阈值。

（3）液胶比0.5是维持60 min流动度≥80 mm的最低门槛。液胶比0.45时，即使添加0.2%纤维素醚，60 min流动度仍不足65 mm。

（4）钢渣/矿渣比例在80:120~120:80范围内对是否达标无决定性影响；推荐采用钢渣:矿渣=100:100，并结合模数1.9、液胶比0.5、纤维素醚0.1%的配比。

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APA Style

Fu, J. (2026). Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Science Research, 14(5), 375-381. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

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ACS Style

Fu, J. Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(5), 375-381. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

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AMA Style

Fu J. Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Sci Res. 2026;14(5):375-381. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25,
  author = {Jianbao Fu},
  title = {Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {375-381},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261405.25},
  abstract = {To develop an alkali-activated steel slag-slag based soft soil stabilizer meeting the requirements of the Chinese standard Soft Soil Stabilizer (CJT 526-2018), 22 mixture proportions were designed. The effects of water glass modulus (1.25–2.1), liquid-to-binder ratio (0.35–0.5), cellulose ether content (0–0.3 parts by mass), and steel slag/slag ratio (80:120–120:80) on the initial fluidity, 30 min fluidity, 60 min fluidity and initial setting time of the pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that only the mixtures with a liquid-to-binder ratio ≥0.5, water glass modulus ≥1.9 and cellulose ether content ≥0.1% fully meet the standard requirements. Among them, J21 (0.2% cellulose ether) exhibits the best performance: initial fluidity of 200 mm, 30 min fluidity of 174 mm, 60 min fluidity of 131 mm, and initial setting time of 298 min. At a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.45, even with 0.2% cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity remains below 65 mm; at a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.5 without cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity is only 70 mm; when the modulus is below 1.8, the initial setting time is always less than 45 min. Mechanism analysis indicates that a high modulus (≥1.9) prolongs the polycondensation induction period by providing polymerized silicate anions, thus ensuring a sufficient initial setting time; a high liquid-to-binder ratio (0.5) provides ample free water for lubrication and reaction buffering; cellulose ether synergistically maintains the integrity of the water film at 60 min through water retention and steric hindrance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an optimal mixture proportion for the engineering application of alkali-activated soft soil stabilizers.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer
AU  - Jianbao Fu
Y1  - 2026/09/22
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 375
EP  - 381
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
AB  - To develop an alkali-activated steel slag-slag based soft soil stabilizer meeting the requirements of the Chinese standard Soft Soil Stabilizer (CJT 526-2018), 22 mixture proportions were designed. The effects of water glass modulus (1.25–2.1), liquid-to-binder ratio (0.35–0.5), cellulose ether content (0–0.3 parts by mass), and steel slag/slag ratio (80:120–120:80) on the initial fluidity, 30 min fluidity, 60 min fluidity and initial setting time of the pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that only the mixtures with a liquid-to-binder ratio ≥0.5, water glass modulus ≥1.9 and cellulose ether content ≥0.1% fully meet the standard requirements. Among them, J21 (0.2% cellulose ether) exhibits the best performance: initial fluidity of 200 mm, 30 min fluidity of 174 mm, 60 min fluidity of 131 mm, and initial setting time of 298 min. At a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.45, even with 0.2% cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity remains below 65 mm; at a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.5 without cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity is only 70 mm; when the modulus is below 1.8, the initial setting time is always less than 45 min. Mechanism analysis indicates that a high modulus (≥1.9) prolongs the polycondensation induction period by providing polymerized silicate anions, thus ensuring a sufficient initial setting time; a high liquid-to-binder ratio (0.5) provides ample free water for lubrication and reaction buffering; cellulose ether synergistically maintains the integrity of the water film at 60 min through water retention and steric hindrance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an optimal mixture proportion for the engineering application of alkali-activated soft soil stabilizers.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Jianbao Fu

Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Co., Ltd. of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China

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http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4121-3676

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Figure 1

Figure 1. 图 1 液胶比与初始流动度的关系。
Figure 2

Figure 2. 图 2 液胶比与30min流动度的关系。
Figure 3

Figure 3. 图 3 液胶比与60min流动度的关系。
Figure 4

Figure 4. 图 4 液胶比与初凝时间的关系。
Figure 5

Figure 5. 图 5 纤维素醚与初始流动度的关系。
Figure 6

Figure 6. 图 6 纤维素醚与60min流动度的关系。

Table 1

表1 试验材料主要性质。
Table 2

表2 试验配比。
Table 3

表3 试样流动度与初凝时间。

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Fu, J. (2026). Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Science Research, 14(5), 375-381. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

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ACS Style

Fu, J. Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(5), 375-381. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Fu J. Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer. Sci Res. 2026;14(5):375-381. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25,
  author = {Jianbao Fu},
  title = {Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {375-381},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261405.25},
  abstract = {To develop an alkali-activated steel slag-slag based soft soil stabilizer meeting the requirements of the Chinese standard Soft Soil Stabilizer (CJT 526-2018), 22 mixture proportions were designed. The effects of water glass modulus (1.25–2.1), liquid-to-binder ratio (0.35–0.5), cellulose ether content (0–0.3 parts by mass), and steel slag/slag ratio (80:120–120:80) on the initial fluidity, 30 min fluidity, 60 min fluidity and initial setting time of the pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that only the mixtures with a liquid-to-binder ratio ≥0.5, water glass modulus ≥1.9 and cellulose ether content ≥0.1% fully meet the standard requirements. Among them, J21 (0.2% cellulose ether) exhibits the best performance: initial fluidity of 200 mm, 30 min fluidity of 174 mm, 60 min fluidity of 131 mm, and initial setting time of 298 min. At a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.45, even with 0.2% cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity remains below 65 mm; at a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.5 without cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity is only 70 mm; when the modulus is below 1.8, the initial setting time is always less than 45 min. Mechanism analysis indicates that a high modulus (≥1.9) prolongs the polycondensation induction period by providing polymerized silicate anions, thus ensuring a sufficient initial setting time; a high liquid-to-binder ratio (0.5) provides ample free water for lubrication and reaction buffering; cellulose ether synergistically maintains the integrity of the water film at 60 min through water retention and steric hindrance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an optimal mixture proportion for the engineering application of alkali-activated soft soil stabilizers.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Study on Paste of Steel Slag-Slag Based Alkali-Activated Soft Soil Stabilizer
AU  - Jianbao Fu
Y1  - 2026/09/22
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 375
EP  - 381
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.25
AB  - To develop an alkali-activated steel slag-slag based soft soil stabilizer meeting the requirements of the Chinese standard Soft Soil Stabilizer (CJT 526-2018), 22 mixture proportions were designed. The effects of water glass modulus (1.25–2.1), liquid-to-binder ratio (0.35–0.5), cellulose ether content (0–0.3 parts by mass), and steel slag/slag ratio (80:120–120:80) on the initial fluidity, 30 min fluidity, 60 min fluidity and initial setting time of the pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that only the mixtures with a liquid-to-binder ratio ≥0.5, water glass modulus ≥1.9 and cellulose ether content ≥0.1% fully meet the standard requirements. Among them, J21 (0.2% cellulose ether) exhibits the best performance: initial fluidity of 200 mm, 30 min fluidity of 174 mm, 60 min fluidity of 131 mm, and initial setting time of 298 min. At a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.45, even with 0.2% cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity remains below 65 mm; at a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.5 without cellulose ether, the 60 min fluidity is only 70 mm; when the modulus is below 1.8, the initial setting time is always less than 45 min. Mechanism analysis indicates that a high modulus (≥1.9) prolongs the polycondensation induction period by providing polymerized silicate anions, thus ensuring a sufficient initial setting time; a high liquid-to-binder ratio (0.5) provides ample free water for lubrication and reaction buffering; cellulose ether synergistically maintains the integrity of the water film at 60 min through water retention and steric hindrance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an optimal mixture proportion for the engineering application of alkali-activated soft soil stabilizers.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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