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Research Article
En Route from American Exceptionalism to Institutional Hegemony: A Theoretical Study with a Neoclassical Realistic Approach
Sotoudeh Zibakalam Mofrad*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
50-62
Received:
23 December 2024
Accepted:
20 January 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
Abstract: This paper explores how American Exceptionalism has influenced U.S. grand strategy in maintaining its institutional hegemony. It presumes that, since World War II, the U.S. has led a global order founded on multilateral agreements, liberal values, and international institutions, sustained by its tradition of exceptionalism. The study examines how this ideology has shaped U.S. strategic culture and policy-making, reinforcing its dominance across economic, political, security, military, and institutional arenas worldwide. This paper utilizes a neoclassical realist framework to analyze the interplay between global systemic forces and domestic influences in shaping U.S. grand strategy and its institutional hegemony. By synthesizing various hegemonic theories, including realist hegemonic stability theory, liberal institutionalism, and Gramscian cultural perspectives, the study introduces the concept of "Institutional Hegemonic Resilience," emphasizing on the United States' capacity to adapt and sustain its leadership within an increasingly dynamic global landscape. The paper highlights the profound and enduring influence of the ideational features of American Exceptionalism on U.S. foreign policy, demonstrating how this ideological framework has shaped the nation’s strategic approach to maintaining its dominance across economic, political, military, and institutional dimensions. The synthesis of theories on hegemony, brings out the power elements in hegemonic dynamics (as in the Hegemonic Stability theory), the ideational importance of socio-political traditions such as the notion of American Exceptionalism (the Neo-Gramscian perspective) and the vitality of international institutions and the resilience they offer (as in Liberal Institutionalism). The analysis underscores the central role of American Exceptionalism in preserving U.S. hegemonic leadership, illustrating how it enables the United States to effectively navigate shifting international dynamics while reinforcing its global preeminence.
Abstract: This paper explores how American Exceptionalism has influenced U.S. grand strategy in maintaining its institutional hegemony. It presumes that, since World War II, the U.S. has led a global order founded on multilateral agreements, liberal values, and international institutions, sustained by its tradition of exceptionalism. The study examines how t...
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Review Article
Productivity Growth and Innovation in Iran's Economy with a Futures Study Approach
Ali Kianifar*,
Elnaz Sabzei,
Zohreh Hajiha
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
63-70
Received:
13 February 2025
Accepted:
17 April 2025
Published:
19 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20250802.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The present article examines the growth of productivity and innovations in Iran's economy through a futures studies approach. Emphasizing the current economic developments and challenges facing the country, we analyze the strategies and solutions designed to enhance productivity and promote creative and inventive activities. In this study, the effects of technology and innovation on the productivity growth of Iran's economy are investigated, and solutions to accelerate the innovation process and increase production efficiency are introduced. Among these solutions are strengthening information technology infrastructure, upgrading employee skills, and encouraging research and development. This article, with a focus on creating an innovation ecosystem, reviews successful global experiences and then proposes strategies to achieve these goals in Iran. By presenting modeling and data mining approaches for future analysis, this research will help Iranian economic decision-makers and policymakers identify the best strategies for economic development with an emphasis on productivity. To predict future strategies, we utilize futures studies models and economic simulations. These analyses assist Iran's economic decision-makers in making the best decisions to improve economic productivity. Additionally, the article emphasizes promoting an entrepreneurial culture and establishing a knowledge-based economy to increase inventions and innovations. Enhancing collaboration between universities, industry, and the government is examined as one of the effective solutions in this field. Ultimately, this research, by providing practical guidance and suggestions, helps Iran's economic decision-makers move toward a sustainable, innovative, and high-productivity economy. In the outlook for Iran's economy, a combination of technology, innovation, resource management, and citizen participation can lead to productivity growth and value creation for the national economy. This futures studies approach, considering the recognition of economic motivations and challenges in the country, can aid in formulating appropriate strategies to achieve economic goals.
Abstract: The present article examines the growth of productivity and innovations in Iran's economy through a futures studies approach. Emphasizing the current economic developments and challenges facing the country, we analyze the strategies and solutions designed to enhance productivity and promote creative and inventive activities. In this study, the effe...
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Research Article
The United Nations' Role in Managing the Conflict in South Sudan, 2013-2022: A Focus on Protection of Civilians (PoC) and Humanitarian Assistance
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
71-77
Received:
1 April 2025
Accepted:
18 April 2025
Published:
19 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20250802.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In a very brief moment of calm in the wake of South Sudan's independence, the country plunged into an armed conflict despite various attempts at mediation and sanctions. Amid such despicable circumstances, the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) intervened to shape choices and interventions to manage the conflict. Some of such intervention domains included Protection of Civilians (PoC) and Humanitarian Assistance. To this effect, this research assessed conflict management by the United Nations in South Sudan with a focus on Protection of Civilians (PoC) and Humanitarian Assistance. The research used primary as well as secondary sources. For the primary sources, the study utilised the instrument of the interview to purposively sample 12 stakeholders who have in-depth knowledge of the subject matter from a population of 50. The secondary source relied on data from textbooks, scholarly, reviewed articles in journals, periodicals, magazines, etc., related to the subject matter. Findings from this study showed that the UN’s effort in managing the conflict was very significant, as it protected civilians. This was done by providing space within its compounds to those fleeing brutal and widespread violence, among others. Findings also showed that UNMISS facilitated the delivery of humanitarian aid like food, shelter, healthcare, and education. The work recommends that more attention by UNNIMISS is needed to South Sudan's socio-economic development for all South Sudanese. There is a need for belligerent groups to prioritize building trust, cooperation, and confidence to firmly implement peace agreements in their attempt to bring long-lasting peace to the country.
Abstract: In a very brief moment of calm in the wake of South Sudan's independence, the country plunged into an armed conflict despite various attempts at mediation and sanctions. Amid such despicable circumstances, the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) intervened to shape choices and interventions to manage the conflict. Some of such interventi...
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