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Research Article
Exploring the Implications of Gendering Food Security in Kapenguria Constituency, West Pokot County
Fridah Kamuri*,
Martin Munyao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
231-237
Received:
26 August 2025
Accepted:
8 September 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: Food insecurity is a significant crisis that disproportionately affects a vast population especially in the Arid and Semi-Arid areas in Kenya. Kenya has been ranked to be having the lowest food security index. Kapenguria in West Pokot County, Kenya has been characterized by a lack of sufficient food and a state of insecurity over food availability, making it one of the counties in Kenya facing these challenges. Gendered food security is an ongoing concern in various roundtable discussions and panels. The intersection of gender and food security interlinkages brings out the need to address this challenge due to growing food insecurity concerns. A concurrent explanatory design explored the nuances of gendering food security and why it is a growing challenge to women. Questionnaires were formulated and distributed to explore the whole picture of how women understand the dynamics of food security. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with Kapenguria Constituency residents, local authorities, and other stakeholders. Using thematic analysis, the study looked for emerging themes and patterns that shed light on the complex relationships between gender dynamics and food security in this environment. The main findings of the research were as follows; First, the study revealed that there was a complex interplay between gender dynamics and food security dynamics. Regarding food security levels, 54.9% of participants perceive their situation as "Moderately Food Secure," while 37.3% identify as "Marginally Food Insecure." Cultural and societal norms play a substantial role in shaping women’s access to nutritious food. Perceptions regarding policymakers’ understanding of gender issues in food security are encouraging, with 63.4% believing that policymakers grasp the importance of gender considerations to a substantial extent.
Abstract: Food insecurity is a significant crisis that disproportionately affects a vast population especially in the Arid and Semi-Arid areas in Kenya. Kenya has been ranked to be having the lowest food security index. Kapenguria in West Pokot County, Kenya has been characterized by a lack of sufficient food and a state of insecurity over food availability,...
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Research Article
Decision-Making Processes in the Swords of Iron War with Hamas
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
238-249
Received:
3 September 2025
Accepted:
15 September 2025
Published:
9 October 2025
Abstract: This article analyzes the decision- making process of Israel's government during the first phase of "Swords of Iron" war that began on October 7th, 2023 when Hamas' activists, together with its affiliates invaded the northern part of the Israeli Negev, killed about 1200 people, wounded about 4800 and kidnapped 251 residents and soldiers into Gaza Strip. Israel's government convened on the same day and declared that Israel is in a state of war. Soon after this declaration, members of the National Unity Party joined the government, and Prime Minister Netanyahu established a "War Cabinet" to manage the war. On October 7th, 2023 Israel's government decided not to allow humanitarian aid to get into Gaza Strip. Israel's government had to make several important decisions on the first part of the war, that will be analyzed based on the "Two Group Decision- Making Model", including the debates inside the Political – Security Cabinet and the government, and the way decisions were made in the end : The decision to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza Strip; The decision on a "hostage deal" that will enable the release of people abducted and held under Hamas captivity; The debate on the decision who will rule Gaza Strip on "The day after".
Abstract: This article analyzes the decision- making process of Israel's government during the first phase of "Swords of Iron" war that began on October 7th, 2023 when Hamas' activists, together with its affiliates invaded the northern part of the Israeli Negev, killed about 1200 people, wounded about 4800 and kidnapped 251 residents and soldiers into Gaza S...
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Research Article
How to Study the Methods and Technologies of International Non-Governmental Organizations (Political Aspect)
Ernazarov Dilmurod*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
250-256
Received:
19 September 2025
Accepted:
30 September 2025
Published:
30 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20250804.13
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Abstract: INGOs have become one of the most active actors in civil society. These organizations have their own goals and objectives, methods and forms of activity. All of them contribute to the development of civil society and the state. The category of INGOs covers not only organizations engaged in public activities but also organizations with special characteristics. From the point of view of political science, there was a need to create and improve technologies for studying the activities of INGOs as political institutions. This article will pay special attention to these issues. Undoubtedly, the leading role in resolving humanity's global problems, maintaining peace on the planet, and ensuring universal security belongs to states and international governmental organizations, which possess significant financial resources and authority. However, it is becoming clear that environmental, demographic, and social problems cannot be resolved by the efforts of states and governmental organizations alone without the broad and decisive participation of the people themselves, as peace is more than networks of economic and political interaction; it is a unique international society or global order. Currently, an increasing number of states are beginning to recognize the need to seek new, largely unconventional, approaches to addressing the challenges of human survival, creating new and reorganizing existing mechanisms to coordinate the efforts of not only states in this area but also the planet's population itself. One truly existing, but underutilized, opportunity is for states to recognize the partnership role of their own societies, represented by numerous non-governmental organizations whose activities in the international arena in no way threaten democratic regimes.
Abstract: INGOs have become one of the most active actors in civil society. These organizations have their own goals and objectives, methods and forms of activity. All of them contribute to the development of civil society and the state. The category of INGOs covers not only organizations engaged in public activities but also organizations with special chara...
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Research Article
When Patronage Fails in Jordan: Vulnerabilities of Returnees in a Time of Crisis
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
257-262
Received:
26 September 2025
Accepted:
14 October 2025
Published:
31 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20250804.14
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Views:
Abstract: Jordan is widely perceived as an island of stability within a turbulent Middle East, yet this perception conceals significant internal fragility. This paper examines the gradual erosion of the Hashemite monarchy’s long-standing patronage system, which historically distributed state resources—jobs, subsidies, and stipends—to loyal East Bank tribes in exchange for political allegiance and social cohesion. Drawing on recent economic data, policy analyses, and reports from international organizations, the study traces how external austerity programs, demographic pressures, and declining revenues have undermined this arrangement, producing disillusionment among traditional supporters and intensifying the exclusion of non-tribal groups such as Palestinian-Jordanians, refugees, and urban professionals. The analysis further explores how scapegoating of outsiders has emerged as a mechanism of control and how new coercive instruments, including expanded surveillance, protest restrictions, and the 2023 cybercrime law, reveal a shift from patronage to repression. By linking these domestic transformations to the experiences of failed asylum seekers and other returnees, the paper demonstrates that the weakening of tribal protection and the expansion of state control create new layers of vulnerability. The findings suggest that all Jordanians now face heightened structural risks, yet those outside the East Bank tribal framework encounter particularly acute exposure to exclusion, marginalization, and state pressure.
Abstract: Jordan is widely perceived as an island of stability within a turbulent Middle East, yet this perception conceals significant internal fragility. This paper examines the gradual erosion of the Hashemite monarchy’s long-standing patronage system, which historically distributed state resources—jobs, subsidies, and stipends—to loyal East Bank tribes i...
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