Research Article
Synthesis of Silver–3,5-dimethylphenol –Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH-Dependent Characteristics of 3,5-Dimethylphenol –Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
1-11
Received:
11 March 2026
Accepted:
23 March 2026
Published:
10 April 2026
Abstract: Absorption, emission, and time-resolved fluorescence maxima of 3,5-dimethylphenol (35DMP) were examined in various solvents, as well as in α-CD and β-CD solutions at pH ~2, pH ~7, and pH ~11. The corresponding nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized using SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, and ¹H NMR analyses. In CD solutions, the absorption and emission spectra of 35DMP are similar at pH ~2 and pH ~7 but differ at pH ~11. At higher β-CD concentrations, the spectral maxima and shapes are similar in all the pH, suggesting the formation of a same type of inclusion complex. But, α-CD shows distinct absorption and emission maxima at different pH values, indicating the formation of different inclusion. 35DMP is more deeply encapsulated in the nonpolar interior of β-CD than in α-CD, as reflected by the increase in fluorescence lifetime in the order: pH < α-CD < β-CD. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 35DMPcomplex differed significantly from those of the isolated 35DMP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the methyl and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of silver in the nanomaterials. DSC thermograms of Ag: 35DMP: CD complexes show new thermal peaks distinct from those of pure 35DMP, α-CD, and β-CD. FTIR spectra of the nanomaterials indicate substantial decreases or absence of most characteristic peaks, confirming strong interactions between 35DMP, the CD cavity, and the silver nanoparticles.
Abstract: Absorption, emission, and time-resolved fluorescence maxima of 3,5-dimethylphenol (35DMP) were examined in various solvents, as well as in α-CD and β-CD solutions at pH ~2, pH ~7, and pH ~11. The corresponding nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized using SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, and ¹H NMR analyses. In CD solutions, the absorption and emissio...
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Research Article
Evaluation, Resource Potential and Industrial Field of Application for Omo River Valley Marble, Southern Ethiopia
Belayneh Digafe Tulu*
,
Getenet Gezahegn Yemer,
Mastewal Tamene Mekonen
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
12-29
Received:
14 May 2026
Accepted:
22 June 2026
Published:
18 August 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaic.20261001.12
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Abstract: This research work was currently found in the Southern National Regional State of Debub Omo river valley, southern Ethiopia. It is conducted for mainly to delineate a marble resource found within the Korcho, Wolayte and Basa localitie in order to specify its field of application accordingly the field observation and study. The geological mapping, geochemical analysis and other bulk physical study have been applied and the main methodologies during the study. The study area consists marble, granite, quartz, feldspar and other base metals. Based on geochemical result indicates the presence of 26.68 to 35.16 wt% of CaO recorded about 30.07 in average and 14.18 to 20.8wt% MgO with an average value of 19.5wt%. The combined result of geological and geochemical result indicates that the original source rock is dolomite and it is categorized as dolomitic marble. Marble is used as a filler, coloring agent for industrial uses for instance as a paper, cosmetics, for plastic as well as pottery also important for the acid neutralization of soils and other in rivers, lakes, soils and ponds, inert filler in pills, pharmaceutical industry, in making sculptures and ornaments and for many others are commune application fields of marble (and it is also used as building or dimension stone and for others. The quantitative determination of marble from section logging and profile description indicate a total of based on our study about 8.71*106 ton marble resource is calculated during this study. However, this marble deposit investigated is over the figure if all the marble deposit of the area is studied and estimated. Therefore, the marble deposit of the area is dolomitic marble in its originated.
Abstract: This research work was currently found in the Southern National Regional State of Debub Omo river valley, southern Ethiopia. It is conducted for mainly to delineate a marble resource found within the Korcho, Wolayte and Basa localitie in order to specify its field of application accordingly the field observation and study. The geological mapping, g...
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