Silica sand/quartz and feldspar are strategic industrial minerals that play a vital role in glass, ceramic, foundry, construction, filtration, and chemical industries. Ethiopia has abundant occurrences of these minerals across diverse geological settings, yet their industrial potential remains underutilized due to limited systematic characterization and beneficiation studies. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the geological occurrence, distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and industrial suitability of major silica sand and feldspar deposits in Ethiopia. Representative deposits including Mugher, Lemi, Fetra, Atsbi, Dire Dawa (Belewa), and Blue Nile Gorge for silica sand, and Kenticha, Shebelle, Negelle Borena, and Hamariesa for feldspar were evaluated using compiled physical parameters (grain size, shape, sorting, weathering, and bulk density) and chemical compositions (major oxides). The results indicate that Mugher, Fetra, and Lemi silica sand deposits exhibit high SiO2 contents (>95%), favorable grain morphology, and low impurity levels, making them suitable for foundry applications, water filtration, construction, and amber and green glass production, with limited beneficiation. However, none of the studied deposits meet the stringent requirements for optical or float glass without advanced processing to reduce Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Feldspar deposits, particularly Shebelle and Kenticha, show promising alkali and alumina contents suitable for ceramic and glass industries, though iron removal is required to meet high-grade industrial specifications. Overall, Ethiopia possesses substantial potential to substitute imported industrial minerals and develop value-added mineral industries, provided that targeted beneficiation, infrastructure development, and systematic resource evaluation are implemented.
| Published in | American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11 |
| Page(s) | 30-49 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Silica Sand, Quartz, Feldspar, Physiochemical, Beneficiation, Industrial Use, Ethiopia
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APA Style
Belachew, Y., Belachew, G. (2026). Silica Sand and Feldspar Resources in Ethiopia: A Review of Their Occurrence, Characteristics, Industrial Applications, and Beneficiation. American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry, 10(2), 30-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11
ACS Style
Belachew, Y.; Belachew, G. Silica Sand and Feldspar Resources in Ethiopia: A Review of Their Occurrence, Characteristics, Industrial Applications, and Beneficiation. Am. J. Appl. Ind. Chem. 2026, 10(2), 30-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11,
author = {Yohanes Belachew and Getnet Belachew},
title = {Silica Sand and Feldspar Resources in Ethiopia: A Review of Their Occurrence, Characteristics, Industrial Applications, and Beneficiation},
journal = {American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {30-49},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaic.20261002.11},
abstract = {Silica sand/quartz and feldspar are strategic industrial minerals that play a vital role in glass, ceramic, foundry, construction, filtration, and chemical industries. Ethiopia has abundant occurrences of these minerals across diverse geological settings, yet their industrial potential remains underutilized due to limited systematic characterization and beneficiation studies. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the geological occurrence, distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and industrial suitability of major silica sand and feldspar deposits in Ethiopia. Representative deposits including Mugher, Lemi, Fetra, Atsbi, Dire Dawa (Belewa), and Blue Nile Gorge for silica sand, and Kenticha, Shebelle, Negelle Borena, and Hamariesa for feldspar were evaluated using compiled physical parameters (grain size, shape, sorting, weathering, and bulk density) and chemical compositions (major oxides). The results indicate that Mugher, Fetra, and Lemi silica sand deposits exhibit high SiO2 contents (>95%), favorable grain morphology, and low impurity levels, making them suitable for foundry applications, water filtration, construction, and amber and green glass production, with limited beneficiation. However, none of the studied deposits meet the stringent requirements for optical or float glass without advanced processing to reduce Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Feldspar deposits, particularly Shebelle and Kenticha, show promising alkali and alumina contents suitable for ceramic and glass industries, though iron removal is required to meet high-grade industrial specifications. Overall, Ethiopia possesses substantial potential to substitute imported industrial minerals and develop value-added mineral industries, provided that targeted beneficiation, infrastructure development, and systematic resource evaluation are implemented.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Silica Sand and Feldspar Resources in Ethiopia: A Review of Their Occurrence, Characteristics, Industrial Applications, and Beneficiation AU - Yohanes Belachew AU - Getnet Belachew Y1 - 2026/08/22 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11 T2 - American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry JF - American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry JO - American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry SP - 30 EP - 49 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7294 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaic.20261002.11 AB - Silica sand/quartz and feldspar are strategic industrial minerals that play a vital role in glass, ceramic, foundry, construction, filtration, and chemical industries. Ethiopia has abundant occurrences of these minerals across diverse geological settings, yet their industrial potential remains underutilized due to limited systematic characterization and beneficiation studies. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the geological occurrence, distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and industrial suitability of major silica sand and feldspar deposits in Ethiopia. Representative deposits including Mugher, Lemi, Fetra, Atsbi, Dire Dawa (Belewa), and Blue Nile Gorge for silica sand, and Kenticha, Shebelle, Negelle Borena, and Hamariesa for feldspar were evaluated using compiled physical parameters (grain size, shape, sorting, weathering, and bulk density) and chemical compositions (major oxides). The results indicate that Mugher, Fetra, and Lemi silica sand deposits exhibit high SiO2 contents (>95%), favorable grain morphology, and low impurity levels, making them suitable for foundry applications, water filtration, construction, and amber and green glass production, with limited beneficiation. However, none of the studied deposits meet the stringent requirements for optical or float glass without advanced processing to reduce Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Feldspar deposits, particularly Shebelle and Kenticha, show promising alkali and alumina contents suitable for ceramic and glass industries, though iron removal is required to meet high-grade industrial specifications. Overall, Ethiopia possesses substantial potential to substitute imported industrial minerals and develop value-added mineral industries, provided that targeted beneficiation, infrastructure development, and systematic resource evaluation are implemented. VL - 10 IS - 2 ER -
Geological Institute of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Geological Institute of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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