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Research Article
Comorbidities in Children Born Hiv-Positive Followed at the Approved Treatment Center of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital
Mbongue-Mikangue Chris André*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
1-7
Received:
1 September 2025
Accepted:
10 September 2025
Published:
8 December 2025
Abstract: Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high prevalence of these comorbidities and overexposure to numerous risk factors, little data is available on comorbidity screening in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of comorbidities in children born HIV-positive to HIV-seropositive mothers with an undetectable viral load on antiretroviral therapy at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Methods: Participants included in this study came for consultation at the Authorized Treatment Center of the YUTH and were selected based on their risk of developing a comorbidity (CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio < 1). The study was cross-sectional and lasted 1 year. After administering a questionnaire, a blood sample was obtained from each participant, then analyzed for immunophenotyping using Becton Dickinson equipment. After centrifugation, the extracted plasma was used with the Toxoplasma, Rubeola virus, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Virus (TORCH) Kit, Epstein Barr-Virus (EBV) Kit, HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) kit, HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) kit to search for specific IgG antibodies or antigens. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A p-value <0.05 was statistically significant at a 95% CI. Results: Of the 74 participants, 69% were girls versus 31% boys. The co-infection that most affected study participants was related to EBV at 22.97% (n=17), followed by CMV at 12.2% (n=9). The lowest positivity rate was found associated with the rubella virus (RV) at 5.41% (n=4). According to these results, only co-infections associated with HBV, HCV, RV, and Toxoplasma were found to be significant. The most frequently observed comorbidities were type I diabetes (4.05%), prostatitis (1.35%), and renal insufficiency (1.35%). A low CD4:CD8 ratio < 1 was significantly correlated with the number of comorbidities. Conclusion: It follows that people living with HIV presenting a low lymphocyte ratio are at risk of developing a comorbidity.
Abstract: Introduction: The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is now that of a chronic disease. Although patients carrying the HIV virus live longer, they more frequently, and often earlier, develop comorbidities called non- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining events compared to the general population. Despite the high...
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Research Article
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria
Ola Olawale Olawumi,
Olarinmoye Oluwatosin*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
8-13
Received:
4 March 2025
Accepted:
3 November 2025
Published:
9 December 2025
Abstract: This study investigates the concentrations of six metals in oyster specimens collected from a novel location in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. The analysis focused on six priority heavy metals: Arsenic (As, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and, Mercury (Hg). Heavy metal concentrations in specimens showed low to moderate variability and, generally exceeded statutory acceptable limits on comparison. A health risk assessment was done to evaluate consumption risk for development of non-cancer conditions with sustained ingestion. This study also reports histopathological findings from the harvested oyster tissues, revealing significant alterations in the digestive gland structure. Notably, atrophy, coagulative necrosis of basal cell epithelium, and, haemocyte infiltration. The lesions suggest potential adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation on oyster health. The potential implications of heavy metal accumulation for organismal. ecosystem and, consumer health are discussed.
Abstract: This study investigates the concentrations of six metals in oyster specimens collected from a novel location in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. The analysis focused on six priority heavy metals: Arsenic (As, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and, Mercury (Hg). Heavy metal concentrations in specimens showed low to moderate variab...
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Research Article
Designing an Effective Warm-up Protocol for Competitive Badminton Players to Enhance Performance and Prevent Injuries
Ujjawal Bahuguna*,
Amrish Tony
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
14-22
Received:
23 April 2025
Accepted:
10 May 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
Abstract: This study aims to define a proper process of a Badminton-specific warm-up, which helps a player perform well in tournaments and achieve better results with appropriate injury management. Badminton players need speed, agility, endurance, and strength to cover the court quickly, react to shots, and maintain a high level of play throughout a match. This analysis reviews the player's performance with a designed warm-up process. A well-planned warm-up has the potential to not only prepare athletes physically and mentally but also possess the ability to reduce the likelihood of injury and improve performance, highlighting its significant importance in HYPERLINK "https://www.scienceforsport.com/how-sporting-parents-can-ensure-they-give-their-kids-the-best-chance-of-sporting-success/" \h athletic development. General warm-up specifically targets increasing body temperature and heart rate, which only involves basic body movements. Specific warm-ups target a particular muscle group and movements related to the activity. Concisely, a general warm-up is a broader preparation, while a specific warm-up is tailored to a certain activity. So, there is a need for sports specific warm-up programs. This approach of defined step-by-step warm-up procedures will help players in their performance and develop a standard procedure for the warm-up. As per the data collected during the analysis, the designed warm-up program showed better results in the performance of badminton players.
Abstract: This study aims to define a proper process of a Badminton-specific warm-up, which helps a player perform well in tournaments and achieve better results with appropriate injury management. Badminton players need speed, agility, endurance, and strength to cover the court quickly, react to shots, and maintain a high level of play throughout a match. T...
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Research Article
Effect of Yogic Practices on Flexibility Using the Sit and Reach Test
Umesh Mimi,
Abhishek Balo*,
Tonkey Pegu,
Sangita Borah,
Sidhartha Rajbongshi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
23-28
Received:
2 July 2025
Accepted:
22 November 2025
Published:
20 December 2025
Abstract: This study examines the impact of a structured yoga training program on flexibility among students enrolled in the Post Graduate Diploma in Yoga Therapy Education (PGDYTE) at Rajiv Gandhi University, using the Sit and Reach Test as the primary assessment tool for lower back and hamstring extensibility. The intervention included a comprehensive sequence of asanas performed in standing, sitting, prone, and supine positions, complemented by relaxation practices such as the Deep Relaxation Technique, with the objective of determining whether regular yogic practice yields measurable improvements in physical flexibility. Data were collected from 20 participants through pre-test and post-test assessments, with results revealing a significant increase in flexibility, as reflected by the rise in mean scores from 34.45 to 42.05. A paired samples t-test confirmed the effectiveness of the intervention (t = –9.547, p <.001), demonstrating that consistent yoga practice produced meaningful gains in musculoskeletal function. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of yoga as a holistic modality that supports physical well-being, enhances flexibility, and contributes to overall health promotion. The study underscores the relevance of integrating yoga into educational and wellness programs, while also suggesting the need for further research to explore the long-term sustainability of flexibility improvements and to better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying these positive outcomes.
Abstract: This study examines the impact of a structured yoga training program on flexibility among students enrolled in the Post Graduate Diploma in Yoga Therapy Education (PGDYTE) at Rajiv Gandhi University, using the Sit and Reach Test as the primary assessment tool for lower back and hamstring extensibility. The intervention included a comprehensive sequ...
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Case Report
Caudal Variant of Limb-Body Wall Complex with Sacrococcygeal Mass, Absent Genitalia, and Imperforate Anus: A Case Report from Ethiopia
Sisay Beyazn*,
Awoke Belete
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
29-32
Received:
5 November 2025
Accepted:
13 November 2025
Published:
24 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.15
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Abstract: Limb-Body Wall Complex (LBWC) is a rare and typically lethal congenital anomaly characterized by severe defects of the ventral body wall, limbs, and neural tube. It is considered one of the most severe malformation syndromes. Its etiology remains uncertain, with proposed mechanisms including abnormal embryonic folding, vascular disruption, and early amnion rupture. We report a stillborn neonate delivered at Alem Ketema Enat Hospital, North Shoa, Amhara, Ethiopia, to a 27-year-old multiparous woman with no antenatal care. The neonate presented with multiple congenital anomalies consistent with the caudal variant of LBWC, including a large abdominal wall defect with evisceration of viscera, spinal dysraphism, and limb deformities. Unique to this case was the coexistence of a well-defined skin-covered sacrococcygeal mass distinct from the spinal defect, absence of external genitalia, imperforate anus, and unilateral clubfoot—an unusual constellation of findings rarely documented together in previous reports. The umbilical cord was notably short, further supporting the diagnosis. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of the caudal variant of LBWC and highlights the diagnostic challenges in low-resource settings where routine prenatal ultrasonography is unavailable. The combination of these caudal defects suggests a failure of early embryonic folding in this region. Early antenatal screening and access to skilled sonography are essential for the timely identification of lethal congenital malformations, appropriate counseling, and informed pregnancy management in such environments. This report serves as the first from Ethiopia documenting this specific presentation, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen anomaly detection programs.
Abstract: Limb-Body Wall Complex (LBWC) is a rare and typically lethal congenital anomaly characterized by severe defects of the ventral body wall, limbs, and neural tube. It is considered one of the most severe malformation syndromes. Its etiology remains uncertain, with proposed mechanisms including abnormal embryonic folding, vascular disruption, and earl...
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