Research Article
The Effects of Selected Crash Parameters and Traffic Volume on Crash Frequency (the Case of Bahirdar City, Ethiopia)
Mamaru Gashaw*
,
Bikila Teklu,
Zeleke Damtie
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
73-86
Received:
22 January 2026
Accepted:
24 February 2026
Published:
12 March 2026
Abstract: The objectives of the study are to develop a mathematical model and understand the impact of selected crash parameters on crash frequency in high and low traffic volume in both straight sections and junctions. Comparing the effect of straight sections and junctions with selected crash parameters on crash frequency is also addressed. The method used in this research is loglinear analysis using SPSS software. Seven days’ traffic data was collected from major junctions and straight sections in Bahirdar. The result depicted that in high traffic volume straight sections, Monday has the highest number of crash compared to the base case, Sunday. In low traffic volume junctions, Wednesday has the highest number of crash compared to Saturday. In high-traffic-volume straight sections, the 18-29-year-old age group has a 3.5 times higher number of crash compared to the base case (>45 years). 30-44-year-old drivers also have a 2.1 times higher number of crash compared to >45-year-old drivers. In low-traffic-volume straight sections, both 18-29- and 30-44-year-old drivers have increased the number of crash. In low traffic volume junctions, both 18-29- and 30-44-year-old drivers have increased highly, with 47.9 and 38.1 times the base case (>45 years). In low-traffic-volume straight sections, a high number of crash is observed in < 5 years of driving experience compared to the base case (>15 years). In low traffic volume junctions, <5 years of driving experience also has a high number of crash compared to the base case.
Abstract: The objectives of the study are to develop a mathematical model and understand the impact of selected crash parameters on crash frequency in high and low traffic volume in both straight sections and junctions. Comparing the effect of straight sections and junctions with selected crash parameters on crash frequency is also addressed. The method used...
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Research Article
Reconstructing Counterinsurgency for Papua: Integrating Indigenous Security into an Applied Counterinsurgency Framework
Suhirwan*,
Siswo Hadi Sumantri
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
87-95
Received:
10 November 2025
Accepted:
1 December 2025
Published:
29 May 2026
Abstract: Classical Counterinsurgency approach currently applied in Papua did not achieve sustained peace as it did not factor in local community’s security epistemology and the traditional institution. The research assessed the shortcomings of a military-cantered strategy through a thorough document analysis of 87 publicly accessible literary sources, including policies, academic work, and CSO information produced from 2015 to 2025. Given restricted access to the study area and the politically sensitive nature of conflicts, the study relied on public access secondary document research. Results of the study show that kinetic action only escalates people’s distrust, whereas traditional methods such as Noken, village deliberation, or ceremonies possess conflict resolution capacity but are not utilized. The hypothesis of this article develops co-security framework – a cooperative model allowing TNI/POLRI and traditional institution share power, legitimacy, and operational mechanism. It major contributions are (1) critical view of the epistemological universality principle of English-speaking COIN; (2) development of the co-security theoretical conception (3) a flexible operational framework for adaptation. The policy recommendations are to adopt the new forums of tripartite negotiation and implement success indicator, that is, the public’s trust.
Abstract: Classical Counterinsurgency approach currently applied in Papua did not achieve sustained peace as it did not factor in local community’s security epistemology and the traditional institution. The research assessed the shortcomings of a military-cantered strategy through a thorough document analysis of 87 publicly accessible literary sources, inclu...
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Research Article
Eid Homecoming Travel Crisis in Bangladesh: Overcrowding, Safety Risks, and a High-Capacity Standing Coach Solution for Bangladesh Railway
Anuj Kumar Gupta*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
96-102
Received:
31 May 2026
Accepted:
13 June 2026
Published:
30 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsr.20260102.13
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Abstract: Every Eid in Bangladesh, millions of people travel from cities back to their villages to celebrate with their families, making it one of the biggest human migrations in the world; cities like Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet empty out as factory workers, students, and day laborers all rush to reach home before the holiday, and for most of these people, particularly middle-class or lower-class individuals, the train is the only affordable means of travel. Because trains are cheaper than buses, many people choose Bangladesh Railway (BR); however, BR simply does not have enough trains to carry everyone safely, as normal coaches are built for around 90 to 110 seated passengers, yet during Eid these same coaches end up carrying three or four times that number, and when there is no more room inside, people climb to the top of the roof or hang from the sides, resulting in deaths and serious injuries every year. This paper studies the main problems of Eid train travel in Bangladesh, including overcrowding, safety risks, problems faced by women passengers, and ticket fraud, and it proposes a practical solution: a high-capacity standing coach for Eid travel that is not a separate train but rather an extra coach added to trains that already run, labelled something like Extra 1 or Extra 2. The coach removes fixed seats and replaces them with grab poles, hand loops, and a smart door layout consisting of one wide central door for entry and narrower end doors for exit, enabling it to carry about 280 to 320 passengers safely, which is almost three times as many as a regular coach. The paper also addresses the ticket fraud problem and poor station management that make everything worse, and it proposes a step-by-step plan for how Bangladesh Railway can put this proposal into practice.
Abstract: Every Eid in Bangladesh, millions of people travel from cities back to their villages to celebrate with their families, making it one of the biggest human migrations in the world; cities like Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet empty out as factory workers, students, and day laborers all rush to reach home before the holiday, and for most of these people...
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