Suphodoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) acts by inhibiting P. falciparum replication, therefore, long term use of SP in malarial endemic sittings as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during pregnancy might lead to increased risk of submicroscopic parasitaemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection in women at delivery from southern Brazzaville, where IPT-SP has been implemented since 2004, and investigate the relationship between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2014 to April 2015 with 281 women randomly recruited at delivery at a Health Centre in southern Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Matched peripheral, placental, and cord blood collected from each women with malaria negative thick smears, were used for the diagnostic of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the multi-copy 18 S ribosomal ARN gene. The prevalence of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection was 31.7%, 36.37%, and 12.9%, when using the peripheral, placental, and cord blood respectively. The submicroscopic P. falciparum was slightly associated with increased risk of maternal anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 0.82-2.17). No significant association was found between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and low birth weight, or preterm delivery. The data suggest that the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection is high in women at delivery in Brazzaville; and might increase the risk for maternal anaemia. The infection had no impact on the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery in this study sitting.
| Published in | American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13 |
| Page(s) | 15-22 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Plasmodium falciparum, Submicroscopic Infection, Pregnant Women, Republic of Congo
| [1] | Moore KA., Simpson JA., Scoullar MJL., McGready R., Fowkes FJI. (2017). Quantification of the association between malaria in pregnancy and stillbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 5: e1101-e1112. |
| [2] | WHO: World malaria report 2019. World Health OrganizationLicence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; 2019. |
| [3] | Fried M., Duffy PE. (1996). Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum to chondroitin sulfate A in the human placenta. Science. 272: 1502-1504. |
| [4] | Salanti A., Staalsoe T., Lavstsen T., Jensen AT., Sowa MP., Arnot DE., Hviid L., Theander TG. (2003). Selective upregulation of a single distinctly structured var gene in chondroitin sulphate A-adhering Plasmodium falciparum involved in pregnancy-associated malaria. Mol Microbiol. 49: 179-191. |
| [5] | Brabin BJ. (1983). An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 61: 1005-1016. |
| [6] | Desai M., ter Kuile FO., Nosten F., McGready R., Asamoa K., Brabin B., Newman RD. (2007). Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis. 7: 93-104. |
| [7] | Guyatt HL., Snow RW. (2004). Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Microbiol Rev. 17: 760-769, table of contents. |
| [8] | Yanow SK., Gavina K., Gnidehou S., Maestre A. (2016). Impact of Malaria in Pregnancy as Latin America Approaches Elimination. Trends Parasitol. 32: 416-427. |
| [9] | Matangila JR., Lufuluabo J., Ibalanky AL., Inocencio da Luz RA., Lutumba P., Van Geertruyden JP. (2014). Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection is associated with anaemia in pregnancy and can be more cost-effectively detected by rapid diagnostic test than by microscopy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malar J. 13: 132. |
| [10] | WHO: WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2005. 20, avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005. |
| [11] | Djontu JC., Lloyd YM., Megnekou R., Seumko'o RMN., Salanti A., Taylor DW., Leke RGF. (2020). Antibodies to full-length and the DBL5 domain of VAR2CSA in pregnant women after long-term implementation of intermittent preventive treatment in Etoudi, Cameroon. PLoS One. 15: e0237671. |
| [12] | Mohammed AH., Salih MM., Elhassan EM., Mohmmed AA., Elzaki SE., El-Sayed BB., Adam I. (2013). Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan. Malar J. 12: 172. |
| [13] | Boudova S., Cohee LM., Kalilani-Phiri L., Thesing PC., Kamiza S., Muehlenbachs A., Taylor TE., Laufer MK. (2014). Pregnant women are a reservoir of malaria transmission in Blantyre, Malawi. Malar J. 13: 506. |
| [14] | Mbouamboua Y., Koukouikila-Koussounda F., Ntoumi F., Adukpo S., Kombo M., Vouvoungui C., van Helden J., Kobawila SC. (2019). Sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood samples from asymptomatic Congolese women at delivery. Acta Trop. 193: 142-147. |
| [15] | TOLI G. (2020). ÉVOLUTION RÉCENTE DES PRÉCIPITATIONS DIURNES À CUMUL ÉLEVÉ AU NORD-CONGO (CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE. halarchives-ouvertes. hal-02872897. |
| [16] | Djontu JC., Siewe Siewe S., Mpeke Edene YD., Nana BC., Chomga Foko EV., Bigoga JD., Leke RF., Megnekou R. (2016). Impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the Cameroonian maternal and neonate's plasma levels of some cytokines known to regulate T cells differentiation and function. Malar J. 15: 561. |
| [17] | Arango E., Maestre A., Carmona-Fonseca J. (2010). [Effect of submicroscopic or polyclonal Plasmodium falciparum infection on mother and gestation product: systematic review]. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 13: 373-386. |
| [18] | Omer SA., Noureldein AN., Eisa H., Abdelrahim M., Idress HE., Abdelrazig AM., Adam I. (2019). Impact of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia on Maternal Anaemia and Low Birth Weight in Blue Nile State, Sudan. J Trop Med. 2019: 3162378. |
| [19] | Unger HW., Rosanas-Urgell A., Robinson LJ., Ome-Kaius M., Jally S., Umbers AJ., Pomat W., Mueller I., Kattenberg E., Rogerson SJ. (2019). Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infection, maternal anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Papua New Guinea: a cohort study. Malar J. 18: 302. |
| [20] | Walker-Abbey A., Djokam RR., Eno A., Leke RF., Titanji VP., Fogako J., Sama G., Thuita LH., Beardslee E., Snounou G, et al. (2005). Malaria in pregnant Cameroonian women: the effect of age and gravidity on submicroscopic and mixed-species infections and multiple parasite genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 72: 229-235. |
| [21] | Cohee LM., Kalilani-Phiri L., Boudova S., Joshi S., Mukadam R., Seydel KB., Mawindo P., Thesing P., Kamiza S., Makwakwa K, et al. (2014). Submicroscopic malaria infection during pregnancy and the impact of intermittent preventive treatment. Malar J. 13: 274. |
| [22] | Mockenhaupt FP., Rong B., Till H., Eggelte TA., Beck S., Gyasi-Sarpong C., Thompson WN., Bienzle U. (2000). Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections in pregnancy in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health. 5: 167-173. |
| [23] | Rogerson SJ., Desai M., Mayor A., Sicuri E., Taylor SM., van Eijk AM. (2018). Burden, pathology, and costs of malaria in pregnancy: new developments for an old problem. Lancet Infect Dis. 18: e107-e118. |
| [24] | Fadlelseed OE., Osman ME., Shamseldin NM., Elhussein AB., Adam I. (2017). Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in an area characterised by unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Heliyon. 3: e00326. |
| [25] | Megnekou R., Djontu JC., Nana BC., Bigoga JD., Fotso M., Fogang B., Leke RFG. (2018). Accuracy of One Step malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in detecting Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria infection in women living in Yaounde, Cameroon. Malar J. 17: 450. |
| [26] | Okell LC., Ghani AC., Lyons E., Drakeley CJ. (2009). Submicroscopic infection in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 200: 1509-1517. |
| [27] | Elbadry MA., Tagliamonte MS., Raccurt CP., Lemoine JF., Existe A., Boncy J., Weppelmann TA., Dame JB., Okech BA. (2017). Submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnant women from six departments in Haiti. Trop Med Int Health. 22: 1030-1036. |
APA Style
Jean Erick Massamba, Jean Claude Djontu, Christevy Jeannhey Vouvoungui, Nerly Chirere Gampio Gueye, Charles Kobawila, et al. (2022). Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 10(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13
ACS Style
Jean Erick Massamba; Jean Claude Djontu; Christevy Jeannhey Vouvoungui; Nerly Chirere Gampio Gueye; Charles Kobawila, et al. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2022, 10(1), 15-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13
AMA Style
Jean Erick Massamba, Jean Claude Djontu, Christevy Jeannhey Vouvoungui, Nerly Chirere Gampio Gueye, Charles Kobawila, et al. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2022;10(1):15-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13,
author = {Jean Erick Massamba and Jean Claude Djontu and Christevy Jeannhey Vouvoungui and Nerly Chirere Gampio Gueye and Charles Kobawila and Francine Ntoumi},
title = {Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery},
journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {15-22},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20221001.13},
abstract = {Suphodoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) acts by inhibiting P. falciparum replication, therefore, long term use of SP in malarial endemic sittings as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during pregnancy might lead to increased risk of submicroscopic parasitaemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection in women at delivery from southern Brazzaville, where IPT-SP has been implemented since 2004, and investigate the relationship between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2014 to April 2015 with 281 women randomly recruited at delivery at a Health Centre in southern Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Matched peripheral, placental, and cord blood collected from each women with malaria negative thick smears, were used for the diagnostic of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the multi-copy 18 S ribosomal ARN gene. The prevalence of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection was 31.7%, 36.37%, and 12.9%, when using the peripheral, placental, and cord blood respectively. The submicroscopic P. falciparum was slightly associated with increased risk of maternal anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 0.82-2.17). No significant association was found between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and low birth weight, or preterm delivery. The data suggest that the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection is high in women at delivery in Brazzaville; and might increase the risk for maternal anaemia. The infection had no impact on the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery in this study sitting.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery AU - Jean Erick Massamba AU - Jean Claude Djontu AU - Christevy Jeannhey Vouvoungui AU - Nerly Chirere Gampio Gueye AU - Charles Kobawila AU - Francine Ntoumi Y1 - 2022/01/28 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13 T2 - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine JF - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine JO - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine SP - 15 EP - 22 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8133 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20221001.13 AB - Suphodoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) acts by inhibiting P. falciparum replication, therefore, long term use of SP in malarial endemic sittings as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during pregnancy might lead to increased risk of submicroscopic parasitaemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection in women at delivery from southern Brazzaville, where IPT-SP has been implemented since 2004, and investigate the relationship between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2014 to April 2015 with 281 women randomly recruited at delivery at a Health Centre in southern Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Matched peripheral, placental, and cord blood collected from each women with malaria negative thick smears, were used for the diagnostic of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the multi-copy 18 S ribosomal ARN gene. The prevalence of P.falciparum submicroscopic infection was 31.7%, 36.37%, and 12.9%, when using the peripheral, placental, and cord blood respectively. The submicroscopic P. falciparum was slightly associated with increased risk of maternal anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 0.82-2.17). No significant association was found between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and low birth weight, or preterm delivery. The data suggest that the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection is high in women at delivery in Brazzaville; and might increase the risk for maternal anaemia. The infection had no impact on the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery in this study sitting. VL - 10 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: