Research Article
Impact Analysis of Renal Function, Blood Glucose, and Lipid Levels on Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly in Southwest China
Ling Zhu
,
Qing-hua Yi,
Can-hong Bai,
Wei-li Tian,
Li-jian Liu,
Xiao-ping Ye,
Li-ping Qiu,
Feng-lian Yang,
Shao-chang Ma,
Zhi-fang Li,
Li-ping Fu,
Ding Luo*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
162-169
Received:
14 October 2025
Accepted:
26 October 2025
Published:
22 November 2025
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlation between blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals aged 65 and above in this region, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design, selecting 11,510 residents from nine communities in this region who participated in elderly health examinations from 2022 to 2023 as the study subjects. Demographic data (age, gender, education level), medical history, and other baseline information were collected through standardized questionnaires. Laboratory data such as fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function were measured, and cognitive function status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged ≥65 in this region. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impact of blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function on cognitive impairment. Results: Among the 11,510 elderly individuals, 2,803 had cognitive impairment, with a prevalence rate of 24.4%. The results showed that hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, glomerular filtration rate, age, gender, and education level had significant effects on cognitive impairment (P < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant association. Conclusion: Female gender, advanced age, low education level, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, high cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased glomerular filtration rate are risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly population of this region.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlation between blood glucose, blood lipids, and renal function with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals aged 65 and above in this region, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design, selecting 11,510 residents from nine communities in this ...
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Case Report
Lung Metastasis of HER2-positive Breast Cancer with Squamous Cell Differentiation Phenotype: A Case Report
Yu Qiu,
Yuanzhi Lu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
170-176
Received:
10 November 2025
Accepted:
24 November 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
Abstract: Drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis are the main challenges that can lead to treatment failure and deteriorate outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer metastasizes to different organs and may present with different phenotypic features. However, the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity of breast cancer still remain unclear. We herein report a case of HER2-positive breast cancer in which the patient developed acquired therapeutic resistance following standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 targeted therapy. The patient initially responded to treatment; however, one year after completion of therapy, new bilateral pulmonary nodules emerged. Subsequent pathological examination confirmed metastatic carcinoma with a transdifferentiated squamous cell phenotype. Comprehensive biomarker analyses, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS), were performed on matched samples from the primary breast tumor and the corresponding lung metastatic lesions. Integrated diagnostic results confirmed that the pulmonary lesions were metastatic in origin from the breast, harboring HER2 amplification as well as PIK3CA and TP53 mutations. In contrast to the primary lesion, the metastatic lung lesions demonstrated acquisition of a squamous phenotype, accompanied by multiple chromosomal heterozygous/homozygous deletions and copy-number gain that may have contributed to this phenotypic transformation. Despite HER2 amplification, the pulmonary metastases showed negative HER2 protein expression, possibly reflecting tissue-specific gene expression differences. These findings provide new insights for the clinical management of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Abstract: Drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis are the main challenges that can lead to treatment failure and deteriorate outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer metastasizes to different organs and may present with different phenotypic features. However, the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity of breast cancer still remain u...
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Research Article
Single-incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Technical Challenges, Clinical Breakthroughs, and a New Chapter for the Future
Zhui Ke,
Peng Ji,
Huanwen Li,
Yi Chen,
Fang Wang,
Guobao Yang*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
177-183
Received:
9 November 2025
Accepted:
22 December 2025
Published:
27 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcem.20251306.13
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Abstract: Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) represents a significant direction in the evolution of minimally invasive surgery. Performed through a single umbilical incision, SILC offers the distinct advantage of achieving a "scarless" abdominal wall and significantly improving patient cosmetic satisfaction. However, this technique faces considerable technical challenges, including the "chopstick effect" inherent to coaxial instrument manipulation, limited visual field, and a steep learning curve. These factors may contribute to an elevated risk of complications such as bile duct injury and incisional hernia. Currently, SILC is primarily indicated for carefully selected patients with low-to-moderate surgical complexity benign gallbladder diseases. While it achieves comparable major clinical outcomes to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), debates persist regarding its operative duration, postoperative pain profiles, and health economic implications. To address these technical bottlenecks, innovative modifications such as suspension exposure techniques, magnetic anchor technology, and robotic single-port platforms continue to emerge. This review contends that SILC serves not as a replacement for conventional LC, but as a valuable complement, specifically designed to meet the higher demands for aesthetics and minimal invasiveness in particular patient populations. Future advancement of SILC urgently requires robust high-quality evidence, establishment of standardized training protocols, and systematic progress in instrument innovation and healthcare reimbursement policies. Such developments are essential to steer SILC towards a more precise and personalized surgical paradigm.
Abstract: Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) represents a significant direction in the evolution of minimally invasive surgery. Performed through a single umbilical incision, SILC offers the distinct advantage of achieving a "scarless" abdominal wall and significantly improving patient cosmetic satisfaction. However, this technique faces con...
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Research Article
Effects of Ketamine on the Profile of Cytokines and Bdnf in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood During Cesarean Delivery
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
184-192
Received:
1 December 2025
Accepted:
15 December 2025
Published:
29 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcem.20251306.14
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Views:
Abstract: Objective: Shivering is a frequent and undesirable complication of cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ketamine on the levels of cytokines, immunoglobulins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during cesarean section-mediated perioperative shivering. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, eighty patients undergoing cesarean section were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to one of two groups: a control group (n = 40) that received normal saline, and a ketamine group (n = 40) that received ketamine at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. Maternal blood samples were collected at three predefined time points: after study drug administration (T1), after umbilical cord clamping (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Results: At the T2 time point, the ketamine group exhibited a significant reduction in maternal cytokine concentrations compared to the saline control. Umbilical cord immunoglobulin concentrations were comparable between groups. Moreover, no correlation was found between umbilical cord BDNF and maternal cytokine levels at T2. Conclusions: Ketamine alleviated cesarean section-mediated perioperative shivering via diminishing cytokines, without impacting the levels of BDNF or immunoglobulins. Moreover, ketamine treatment decreased the levels of cytokines in the maternal blood; thus, abrogating the risk of transferal into the neonate.
Abstract: Objective: Shivering is a frequent and undesirable complication of cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ketamine on the levels of cytokines, immunoglobulins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during cesarean section-mediated perioperative shivering. Methods: In this randomized contro...
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