Research Article
Study on the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease with Type 2 Diabetes in Young and Middle-aged People: Sex Differences
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
135-141
Received:
24 July 2025
Accepted:
2 September 2025
Published:
5 September 2025
Abstract: With the increase of incidence rate of type 2 diabetes worldwide and the shortening of the onset time, coronary heart disease (CHD) poses a major threat to young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular events are the main cause of death in this population. Although established risk factors such as age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia can lead to CHD in T2D patients, their effects may vary by gender. However, gender specific studies on CHD risk in middle-aged and young T2D populations, particularly large-scale systematic analyses, are still limited. This study aimed to assess sex-specific differences in the risk of CHD among young and middle-aged individuals T2D. A total of 1071 adults with both CHD and T2D were recruited from the National Population Health Data Center, and weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed an overall CHD prevalence of 35.29% in the T2D population, with slight sex differences: 36.47% in males and 32.49% in females. Notably, CHD prevalence increased with body mass index (BMI), reaching 33.22% in the <25 kg/m2 group, 34.69% in the 25–<30 kg/m2 group, and 41.83% in the ≥30 kg/m2 group. Weighted logistic regression analyses identified age, hypertension, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as significant correlates of CHD in males with T2D. In contrast, only age and hypertension showed significant associations with CHD in females. These findings confirm sex disparities in CHD risk factors among young and middle-aged T2D patients, emphasizing the need for sex-specific strategies in CHD prevention and management for this population.
Abstract: With the increase of incidence rate of type 2 diabetes worldwide and the shortening of the onset time, coronary heart disease (CHD) poses a major threat to young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular events are the main cause of death in this population. Although established risk factors such as age, hypertension, ...
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Research Article
Air Pollution and Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Sub-Saharan African Cities: A Review
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
142-161
Received:
11 August 2025
Accepted:
2 September 2025
Published:
10 October 2025
Abstract: This study explores the complex relationship between air pollution and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Sub-Saharan African cities. By conducting a comprehensive review of 200 scholarly papers, the research synthesizes existing knowledge to elucidate the extent and nature of this association. Sub-Saharan Africa faces unique challenges due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and transportation growth, which significantly contribute to deteriorating air quality. The review reveals that air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa, driven by biomass burning, vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and dust, substantially contributes to high rates of NCDs such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes in urban areas. Notably, asthma affects 10-15% of the urban population, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) impacts 8-12% of adults, and acute respiratory infections occur in 20-30% of children. Hypertension and ischemic heart disease affect 15-20% and 5-10% of the population, respectively, while lung cancer and type 2 diabetes affect 2-5% and 5-8% of the population, respectively. Addressing air pollution is crucial for improving public health in the region. The review identifies key pollutants of concern, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, and examines their linkages to prevalent NCDs. Furthermore, the study discusses the methodological approaches employed in existing literature, identifies gaps, and proposes avenues for future research to enhance understanding and mitigate the health impacts of air pollution in this region.
Abstract: This study explores the complex relationship between air pollution and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Sub-Saharan African cities. By conducting a comprehensive review of 200 scholarly papers, the research synthesizes existing knowledge to elucidate the extent and nature of this association. Sub-Saharan Africa faces unique challenges due to rap...
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,
Shen Yao
