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Agronomical Evaluation of Three Malt Barley Varieties Using Correlation and Regression Analysis Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate
Fasil Shimels Gebreyohannis
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
276-279
Received:
14 October 2021
Accepted:
5 November 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: The production and productivity of barley primary determined from the status its growth, phonological and agronomical parameters. But the direct and indirect effect of parameters as well as high its association with yield can’t determine until correlation and regression was done. Therefore a field experiment was conducted on two different site of lemu bilbilo wereda from July- December 2018/2019 cropping season to study Agronomical evaluation of three malt barley varieties using correlation and Regression analysis under different nitrogen fertilizer rate. The experiment was laydown in split plot design nitrogen fertilizer as main plot and Varity as sub plot with in three replication. The treatments were five n fertilizer rate (11.5, 23, 34.5, 46 and 57.5) kg/ha as main plot and three malt barley varieties as sub plot factor and two site (Lemu burkitu and Bekoji negeso) kebele. The result showed that exept germination energy at Bekoji negeso and spike length at Lemu burkitu all parameters had significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. In addition to this spike / 50 cm had significantly and positively correlated with grain protein content, number of productive tillers per plant and plant height at both locations.
Abstract: The production and productivity of barley primary determined from the status its growth, phonological and agronomical parameters. But the direct and indirect effect of parameters as well as high its association with yield can’t determine until correlation and regression was done. Therefore a field experiment was conducted on two different site of l...
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Biological Characteristics and Control Methods of Benghal Dayflower [Commelina benghalensis L.]
Xueli Wu,
Kai Jiang,
Yue Ma,
Yongzhuo Zhao,
Shenmiao Chen,
Wenjie Lu,
Juan Sun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
280-288
Received:
4 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
12 November 2021
Abstract: Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) widely distribute in the world and have strong and special reproductive methods. Benghal dayflower also possesses the ability to root at the nodes and can be propagated from cut stems. Under suitable environmental conditions, Benghal dayflower can reproduce very quickly and form invasive populations in crop planting areas that could cause outbreaks of crop pests and diseases as host of plant pathogens. Benghal dayflower is not sensitive to a variety of herbicides including glyphosate. Especially in recent years, with extensive promotion of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified crops and use of glyphosate, that has changed the species and composition of weeds in farmland systems. The control methods of Benghal dayflower mainly included chemical control, mechanical control and comprehensive management of crop production. But no comprehensive and effective control strategy has been developed. Benghal dayflower had become a malignant weed in agricultural production and caused serious agricultural economic lossesas. At present, the research on Benghal dayflower mainly focuses on biological characteristics, reproductive strategies, hazards and control methods. There are few studies on the physiological and ecological mechanism, the comparison of invasive community types, the process of invasion and diffusion in different species communities, and the dynamics of population response to the environment. and the ecological factors and efficient control methods are still unclear. In this review, our primary objective is designed to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of more economical and effective control technologies and preventative strategies via description of biological and ecological features, harms and formative mechanism of Benghal dayflower; that will help to devise new guidelines and technical approaches for effective prevention and control of Benghal dayflower.
Abstract: Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) widely distribute in the world and have strong and special reproductive methods. Benghal dayflower also possesses the ability to root at the nodes and can be propagated from cut stems. Under suitable environmental conditions, Benghal dayflower can reproduce very quickly and form invasive populations in c...
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Growth and Yield Response of Improved Sweet Potato Cultivars to Intercropping with Hybrid Maize and Inorganic Fertilizers
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
289-298
Received:
28 September 2021
Accepted:
18 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: A field study was conducted in 2018 to determine the growth and yield response of improved sweet potato cultivars to intercropping with hybrid maize and inorganic fertilizer application using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Maize was intercropped with NASPOT 1, NASPOT 8 and NASPOT 11 potato cultivars. Sole crops and the potato/maize intercrops were fertilized with graded levels of N, P and K comprising a control without fertilizer, 40-20-30, 80-40-60, 120-60-90 and 160-80-120 kg/ha of N-P-K. Vine lengths, and numbers of vine branches and leaves of potato plants under intercropping were higher (P < .05) than those of plants under sole cropping system. In both systems, NPK fertilizer application didn’t (P >.05) affect the vine lengths and numbers of vine branches compared to the control. But numbers of vine branches of plants under sole cropping for all the fertilizer treatments were higher (P < .0001) than those of plants under intercropping system. Generally, NPK application in the sole potato cropping significantly (P =.02) affected the leaf numbers, and the fertilized potato plants had greater (P < .05) leaf numbers than the control. In both systems, NASPOT 11 produced the highest tuber yield, followed by NASPOT 8. Tuber yields were better (P < .01) under sole cropping (43.36 MT/ha) than under intercropping (33.35 MT/ha). Maize grain yields were also better (P < .0001) under sole cropping than under intercropping. But grain yields from all the fertilized intercrops were greater (P < .05) than those of their corresponding control treatments. In all the intercrops, the land equivalent ratios (LERs) were greater than unity indicating yield advantage of intercropping over sole cropping. It was concluded that applying 120-60-90 kg/ha of N-P-K into the potato/maize intercrops results in better tuber yields compared to the unfertilized control. Also, N-P-K application in quantities greater than 40-20-30 kg/ha does not lead to significant differences in tuber yields between the potato/maize intercropping and sole potato cropping systems indicating that inter-specific competition for nutrients in the intercrops is eliminated by the fertilizer. In addition, the application of 80-120 kg N/ha, 40-60 kg P/ha and 60-90 kg K/ha in the intercrops results in better intercrop performance as revealed by higher LERs indicating that improved potato cultivars and hybrid maize are compatible for intercropping. Therefore, farmers can intercrop improved sweet potato cultivars with hybrid maize and apply 120-60-90 kg/ha of N, P and K in the intercrops to maximize yields.
Abstract: A field study was conducted in 2018 to determine the growth and yield response of improved sweet potato cultivars to intercropping with hybrid maize and inorganic fertilizer application using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Maize was intercropped with NASPOT 1, NASPOT 8 and NASPOT 11 potato cul...
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Phenotypic Variability in Germplasm Collection of African Yam (Dioscorea spp) in North Central Nigeria
Tanko Thomas,
Olamide Ahmed Falusi,
Oladipupo Abdulazeez Yusuf Daudu,
Matthew Omoniyi Adebola,
Abdulhakeem Abubakar
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
299-304
Received:
21 October 2021
Accepted:
13 November 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: Yams (Dioscorea spp) are staple food crops of the people in tropical and subtropical region of the world. The crop consists of approximately 600 species. These species are threatened by genetic erosion due to several factors such as pest and diseases attack, inadequate improved varieties and dearth of germplasm collection and conservation. On this premise, this research was carried out to collect and manage the available germplasm in North-Central Nigeria. Fifty accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp) were collected from adaptable farmers’ varieties. These were evaluated according to standard descriptors of yam into four (4) species (D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. dumetorum and D. rotundata). The highest germplasm (21) was recorded in Niger state, which was dominated by white yam (D. rotundata). This was followed by Benue state with twenty (20) accessions. Others are three (3) accesssions each from FCT and Kogi State, then two (2) accessions each from Nasarawa and Kwara States. Of the 50 accessions of yam collected, 40% (20) are rare landraces and are at the brim of becoming extinct locally. Phenotypic observation revealed that tuber skin colour varies from light-brown, through dark and milk spotted to dark and dark-brown. The most dominate of these were dark-brown with 60% of the accessions, this was followed by light-brown and the least were 6% which was recorded for dark-milk spotted accessions. Similarly, tuber shape showed that cylindrical dominated with 80% of the accessions and the least was snake shape with only 4% of the accessions. These findings have given some insights on the available germplasm of yam in North-central Nigeria with promising traits. However, there is for a promising approach of characterisation of the crop species in the area for the improvement, conservation and breeding programme of yam in the future.
Abstract: Yams (Dioscorea spp) are staple food crops of the people in tropical and subtropical region of the world. The crop consists of approximately 600 species. These species are threatened by genetic erosion due to several factors such as pest and diseases attack, inadequate improved varieties and dearth of germplasm collection and conservation. On this ...
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Research on Infectivity of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus on Important Leguminous Crops
Wang Jiaying,
Cui Junxia,
Zhang Jihong,
Zhao Xiuling,
Li Wen,
Chen Xianfeng
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
305-308
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
2 December 2021
Published:
9 December 2021
Abstract: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is one of the most important viruses affecting Cucurbitaceae crops. It has been found all over the world. Once spread, it may cause significant loss on economic crops. During a project from 2019 to 2021, occurrence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on main leguminosae crops (Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris) was surveyed via random sampling in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. Leaf chlorosis, yellowing (or whitening), shrinkage, spots and deformation were observed and sampled accordingly. Altogether 47 legume leaf samples were collected from 10 locations during different seasons. Total RNA was analyzed through real-time RT-PCR. Among 141 RNA extractions (3 repetitive extractions for each sample) tested, 15 were positive (corresponding to 9 samples, Ct<35), and 126 negative. Nine positive samples were further verified by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing. BLAST analysis showed that 7 sequences were over 98% identical to MP and CP regions of CGMMV isolate from Guangdong, China (Accession: MK933286), while the other 2 were over 97% identical to MP and CP regions of CGMMV isolate from Zhejiang, China (Accession: KM873783). Among 47 samples, 9 (19.15%) were positive, and out of 141 nucleic acid extractions, 15 were positive, accounting for 10.64%. Inoculation test on legume seedlings (V. faba var. Beidouqixing and P. sativum var. Jingpindawuxu) was carried out using infectious cDNA clone of CGMMV (pCB-CGMMV). Stunted growth, leaf deformation, chlorosis, and whitening were observed on both V. faba and P. sativum at 25 dpi (days post inoculation). Symptomatic leaves were diagnosed by real-time RT-PCR, which turned out to be CGMMV positive. It is speculated that leguminous plants are alternative hosts of CGMMV under natural conditions, and can serve as "virus reservoir" when cucurbitaceae plants are rare. Background research on economic significant pests is supposed to be conducted regularly. On one hand, it contributes to control of agricultural diseases and reduction of related losses. On the other, it would provide basic data for follow-up researches and supplement information for important pests.
Abstract: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is one of the most important viruses affecting Cucurbitaceae crops. It has been found all over the world. Once spread, it may cause significant loss on economic crops. During a project from 2019 to 2021, occurrence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on main leguminosae crops (Pisum sativum, Vici...
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Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia
Yazachew Genet,
Tsion Fikre,
Fano Dargo,
Worku Kebede,
Solomon Chanyalew,
Kidist Tolosa,
Kebebw Assefa,
Sewagegn Tarikegn,
Esuyawkal Demis,
Asaye Birhanu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
309-315
Received:
18 November 2021
Accepted:
6 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Tef is a foremost staple cereal crop with substantial contribution in the GDP of Ethiopia. Tef grain is highly nutritious gluten-free as well as high quality forage. However, yield losses of tef due to erratic rainfall and drought are estimated to reach up to 77%. Lodging is also the major bottleneck limiting tef quality and yield losses estimated at 30% - 35%. Hence, the purpose of this research was design to evaluate, and recommend best performing tef varieties under irrigation farming system in both traditional and non-traditional tef growing areas in Ethiopia. The field experiment comprised 35 released tef varieties using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2m2 plot size were evaluated at six locations (eight environments). The result revealed highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for grain yield at all locations under irrigation. For non- traditional tef growing areas (Somali region), there was highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for all recorded traits except panicle length. This finding indicates that the lodging index in tef is reduced when it is cultivated under irrigation production. The variety by location interaction effect in Somali region showed that there were highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for plant height, days to maturity and harvest index. However, there was no interaction significant varietal difference for grain yield, above ground shoot biomass, lodging index, panicle length and days to head in the three locations of Somali region. There was no single variety demonstrating steady superiority for grain yield across all tested environments. However, variety Gamechis was the best varieties at five tested environments. Performance of tef variety in non-traditional tef growing area (Somali region) is encouraging both for small holder farmers and large-scale investors to grow tef in the area. Thus, cultivated tef in this region is crucial to ensure food security in region as well as in the country. Moreover, growing tef in non-traditional regions has vital role to get additional quality feed source for their animals where it is a major problem in the region. In addition to tef yield increment using irrigation production but may also reduce variability in production through improved control of the crop environment. Therefore, variety Gamechis, Boset, Kora and Quncho should be used under irrigation production both in non-traditional and traditional tef growing areas where the experiment was conducted and other similar agro ecological areas.
Abstract: Tef is a foremost staple cereal crop with substantial contribution in the GDP of Ethiopia. Tef grain is highly nutritious gluten-free as well as high quality forage. However, yield losses of tef due to erratic rainfall and drought are estimated to reach up to 77%. Lodging is also the major bottleneck limiting tef quality and yield losses estimated ...
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Genetic Variability of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merrill) Genotypes Under Moisture Stress Areas of Ethiopia
Masreshaw Yirga,
Yechalew Sileshi,
Mesfin Hailemariam
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
316-322
Received:
17 November 2021
Accepted:
9 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Characterization and evaluation soybean genotypes for different traits of interest is important to facilitate the breeding program. The study was conducted using 25 early maturing soybean genotypes at Mehoni, Humera, Jinka, Tiro-afeta, and Gofa, Ethiopia during 2018 main cropping seasons. The objective of the experiment was to estimate genetic variability of these breeding materials. The genotypes were planted using 5x5 simple lattice design and managed as per the soybean recommended agronomic production practices. Data on important traits like days flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), number of pod per plant (NPP), number of seed per plant (NSP), hundred seed weight (HSW) and yield per hectare (YLD) was recorded. The pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among locations (L) and genotypes (G). The maximum yield was recorded from genotype; JIM-ALM/CRFD-15-SA (2.30 t/ha) followed by PI417129B (2.27 t/ha), with the yield advantage of (27% and 37%) and (25% and 36%) relative to the checks varieties; Gazale (1.81t/ha) and Nova (1.67t/ha), respectively. Based on earliness of the genotypes, all the tested genotypes were found early with the rage of 86 to 105 days. High phenotypic (PCV) and high genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were recorded for DTF (148.38% and 142.29%), PH (97.64% and 95.13%), NPP (56.68% and 47.63%), NSP (136.52% and 111.43%), HSW (55.92% and 45.45%) and YLD (133.80% and 92.09%), respectively. While, high PCV (20.78%) with moderate GCV (15.90%) was recorded from DTM. However, the difference between PCV with the corresponding GCV values was relatively higher for NSP and YLD, suggesting high influence of the environment on these traits. High heritability estimates was recorded for DTF (91.95%), NPP (70.62%), NSP (66.62%), and HSW (66.07%), while the remaining showed moderate heritability. High genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) was found for all the traits studied. Whereas, combined high GCV, high heritability and high GAM were recorded for DTF (142.29%, 91.95% and 281.48%), PH (95.23%, 95.23% and 191.62%), NPP (47.63%, 70.62% and 82.57%), NSP (111.43%, 66.43% and 187.63%) and HSW (45.45%, 66.07% and 76.21%), respectively, which means these traits are controlled more of by additive genes. Generally, the existences of sufficient variability among the evaluated materials create immense opportunity to bring considerable improvement through selection and cross breeding in soybean breeding program.
Abstract: Characterization and evaluation soybean genotypes for different traits of interest is important to facilitate the breeding program. The study was conducted using 25 early maturing soybean genotypes at Mehoni, Humera, Jinka, Tiro-afeta, and Gofa, Ethiopia during 2018 main cropping seasons. The objective of the experiment was to estimate genetic vari...
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Genomic Asymmetry for Morphology in Allopolyploids Within and out of Brassica
Yujiao Shao,
Pan Zeng,
He Fei-fei,
Zaiyun Li
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
323-328
Received:
29 November 2021
Accepted:
14 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: The genomic asymmetry in the nonrandom retention and expression of controlling genes for some traits from one parental diploid is obvious in some natural and synthetic allopolyploids, and has the evolutionary implications. Here we review the genomic asymmetry for the morphological performance in three cultivated Brassica allotetraploids and some intergeneric allopolyploids within Brassicaceae species. For the phenotypic biases of Brassica allotetraploids, Brassica oleracea (genomes CC) is dominant over B. nigra (BB) and B. rapa (AA) in B. carinata (CCBB) and B. napus (CCAA), respectively, and B. nigra is dominant over B. rapa in B. juncea (BBAA), showing the C>B>A dominance hierarchy. However, the morphology of several Brassica species including B. oleracea at top dominance is largely recessive in their intergeneric hybrids and allopolyploids with other crucifers, such as Raphanus sativus, Orychophragmus violaceus. The morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana is also recessive in its two allotetraploids. Among the dominant features, the leaf serration is expressed consistently in these intergeneric and Arabidopsis allopolyploids. The phenotype expression of the recessive diploid is subject to the euploidy or aneuploidy state of its genome, and the dominant traits are still mostly expressed in the aneuploidy state of their genome. The morphological biases in these allopolyploids are discussed in the contexts of the genomic structure and interplay.
Abstract: The genomic asymmetry in the nonrandom retention and expression of controlling genes for some traits from one parental diploid is obvious in some natural and synthetic allopolyploids, and has the evolutionary implications. Here we review the genomic asymmetry for the morphological performance in three cultivated Brassica allotetraploids and some in...
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