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Planning of Water and Electricity Network Services in the Town of Tanout in Niger
Kailou Djibo Abdou,
Adamou Abdoulaye,
Abdou Harou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
141-149
Received:
13 July 2022
Accepted:
9 October 2022
Published:
24 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.11
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Abstract: This article analyzes the planning of drinking water and electricity network services in the town of Tanout in Niger. This Town is facing a problem of water and electricity supply despite the avaibility of significant water and energy resources. The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of the water and energy insecurity in the town of Tanout. The argument is based on a collection of data from interviews with stakeholders in the urban governance of water and electricity services. The survey has involved 148 households in the city in order to get quantitative data on supplying network services. The results show that conventional services of drinking water and electricity could not follow the development of the town of Tanout. As a result, only 26% of the households have private connections to water network and 40% to the electricity network. The majority of the households have access to water and electricity network services of Tanout through alternative off-grid options by water vendors called "Ga-rua", solar panels and generators at a relatively high cost and often at risk. This water and energy insecurity is explained by a deficit of territorial intelligence, according to the stakeholders of the urban governance of Tanout.
Abstract: This article analyzes the planning of drinking water and electricity network services in the town of Tanout in Niger. This Town is facing a problem of water and electricity supply despite the avaibility of significant water and energy resources. The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of the water and energy insecurity in the town o...
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Early-Modern City Planning in Xi’an ——A Historical Study on Xijing Construction and Plan (1932-1945)
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
150-158
Received:
20 September 2022
Accepted:
2 November 2022
Published:
4 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.12
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Abstract: Xi’an is one of the most famous traditional cities and the capital of 13 dynasties in ancient China. In 1932, Xi’an was designated as the Provisional Capital and renamed Xijing by the Nanjing National Government. From then on, it ushered in a golden development period in the history of modern Xi’an construction. This period is called “Xijing construction period” and is important to format the process of Xi’an urban space modernization. In 1932-1945, the local authorities carried out several modern construction activities in Xi’an’s ancient city center and northeast areas outside of the city wall, such as building roads, constructing new areas, and protecting urban heritage, etc. These activities lead to the beginning of this traditional Chinese city combined with modern space, which is now valued for its uniqueness and characteristically Chinese cityscape aesthetic. Therefore, this paper focuses on and analyses the urban planning and construction activities of modern Xi’an during 1932-1945, then, reviews the historical progress of this period, which was the beginning of the construction road system and the introduction of the functional zoning theory. In addition, summarizes the thoughts and characteristics of Xi’an’s urban planning by interpreting historical maps and related historical materials. Finally, discusses the influence of the whole historical process on the urban development of Xi’an.
Abstract: Xi’an is one of the most famous traditional cities and the capital of 13 dynasties in ancient China. In 1932, Xi’an was designated as the Provisional Capital and renamed Xijing by the Nanjing National Government. From then on, it ushered in a golden development period in the history of modern Xi’an construction. This period is called “Xijing constr...
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War and the City: Impact, Consequences and Perception of Britain Defence Program on the London Urban Fabric Within the Napoleonic Wars Until Today
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
159-168
Received:
24 June 2022
Accepted:
20 July 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.13
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Abstract: The article aims to trace the modalities, causes and effects of the presence of military barracks in London's urban factory by exploring the historical context in which the urgent need to reorganise the British army and defence structures in view of a possible invasion by Napoleon originated. The contingency also provides an opportunity for the government to intervene in the national identity question by helping to forge the rhetoric of martiality in which the barracks typology participates by exasperating the ambiguity of the national programme and the rhetoric promulgated. At a time when Europe is shaken by the French Revolution and with growing concern observes the increase in hostility on the part of France, Britain, tried by the loss of its American colonies, becomes a protagonist in the theatre of war that will shake the continent for twenty years. At the same time, the concrete threat of invasion by Napoleon with his Armée des côtes de l'Océan calls for a sudden logistical reorganisation of the land army that includes the adaptation and construction of defensive architecture as well as housing the military forces. This effort participates in a programme of a national character aimed at centralising the different psychological, as well as social and political lines, with the objective of appeasing the animosities and fears that agitate the Nation and, at the same time, exploits the state of war as a conveyor of collective sentiments capable of corroborating British identity and welding the myth of the nation to that of naval military power. In doing so, the government strategy determines a phase of British architectural production still divided between the punctual intervention on the single factory and the foundation of the urban discipline capable of operating on the London grid on a large scale. The search for a national architectural language, the commissioning of monumental works as well as the promotion of urban planning works is capable of restoring the glorious image of the capital, however, seems to overshadow another presence, of equally architectural and symbolic value yet indispensable to the contingent military needs as to the programme of national cohesion, namely the barracks. Ultimately, without deepen the specific architectural typology of barracks, the article defines the historical trace by which, at the end of the 18th century, the military device, now assimilated by London's urban culture, entered the city, appropriating the places of greatest symbolic value.
Abstract: The article aims to trace the modalities, causes and effects of the presence of military barracks in London's urban factory by exploring the historical context in which the urgent need to reorganise the British army and defence structures in view of a possible invasion by Napoleon originated. The contingency also provides an opportunity for the gov...
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Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Skyscraper Development Boom - An Empirical Analysis Based on 20 Cities
Zeng Deheng,
Wen Shiyu,
Li Xurui
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
169-178
Received:
12 October 2022
Accepted:
11 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.14
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Abstract: In order to strengthen urban and architectural landscape management, the government strictly restricts the blind planning and construction of super high-rise skyscrapers everywhere. There have been theoretical studies on the influence factors of skyscrapers. However, no definitive conclusion has been reached on the elements that are fueling China's skyscraper development boom. Through literature combing, nine impact factors were selected to conduct an empirical study of skyscraper impact factors on data from the top 20 cities with skyscrapers in Chinese mainland between 2001 and 2018, including number of skyscrapers per city, nominal GDP by city, area of built-up area by city, urban population density, height restriction policies in cities, duration of the city's tallest skyscraper, business cycle, global city index, tertiary industry share, commercial land value, land sale revenue, average age of mayors and city secretaries in each city. According to the complete FGLS regression, the number of skyscrapers is influenced by GDP of the city, built-up area, policy, the global city index, and the age of municipal leaders. GDP, global city index and the number of skyscrapers owned by cities have a significant positive correlation while built-up area, age of officials and the number of skyscrapers owned by cities have a negative correlation. Based on this, the government should consider the economic strength of cities, match the city positioning and urban functions and consider the stability of governance when building skyscrapers.
Abstract: In order to strengthen urban and architectural landscape management, the government strictly restricts the blind planning and construction of super high-rise skyscrapers everywhere. There have been theoretical studies on the influence factors of skyscrapers. However, no definitive conclusion has been reached on the elements that are fueling China's...
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An Urban Renewal Strategy Based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) — A Case Study of the Qiaoxi Historic District of the Hangzhou Section of the Canal
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
179-186
Received:
18 September 2022
Accepted:
18 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.15
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Abstract: The Grand Canal is a miracle of world engineering and one of the most representative world cultural heritages in China. In the second half of the 20th century, due to the serious pollution of the canal industry and the adjustment of the industrial structure brought about by the development of Hangzhou, the Hangzhou section of the canal is facing pollution remediation, and the Coastal space is facing the migration and decline of industrial areas, and is in the transition stage from industrialization to consumption service. Therefore, it is urgent to find a transformation and regeneration mode and build an industrial heritage corridor. In the 1990s, the Hangzhou municipal government carried out a large-scale renovation of the canal, and at the beginning of this century, the coastal industrial heritage, including the protection of historical areas, has made remarkable achievements, but there are still many problems to be solved. Given the demand for the urban renewal in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, this study uses the Qiaoxi Historic District as a case study and applies the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to establish an evaluation system at four different levels. These levels are: 'overall planning and regulations', 'space and planning', 'format and positioning', and 'building and place'. In addition to that, it aims to establish an analysis and evaluation models for each node that can be used for optimization strategies. Finally, it is applied to the urban renewal of 'place and building' in Qiaoxi Historic District. The evaluation method used in this paper provides not only an important enlightenment and data support for the urban renewal of the Qiaoxi Historic District, but also a methodological guidance for the urban renewal of Hangzhou.
Abstract: The Grand Canal is a miracle of world engineering and one of the most representative world cultural heritages in China. In the second half of the 20th century, due to the serious pollution of the canal industry and the adjustment of the industrial structure brought about by the development of Hangzhou, the Hangzhou section of the canal is facing po...
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Sustainability, Resilience, and the Contribution of Private Urban Gardens
Fabricio Chicca,
Emilio Garcia,
Brenda Vale
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
187-197
Received:
2 November 2022
Accepted:
23 November 2022
Published:
30 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.16
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Abstract: One of the few subjects that still enjoys great support from built environment professionals, governments and communities is the importance that green areas have for cities. However, the green space available is only a portion of the entire green infrastructure. Private gardens are also important contributors to green infrastructure. This article explores the role of private green areas and their long-term contribution to cities, not just in terms of resource and energy use (sustainability) but to concerning the capacity of those living in cities to adapt to internal and external pressures (resilience). Therefore the question that arises from this research is: how can private gardens be valuable for the sustainability and resilience of cities? The methodology is essentially qualitative. It uses logical argumentation inductive and deductive methods. The value and contribution of private gardens to cities are presented through a literature review including a brief history of private gardens and their role in contemporary life. The article uses New Zealand as a case study to analyse the role, contribution and potential of private gardens in terms of resilience and sustainability. The final aim is to provoke a discussion around the present and future use of private green areas.
Abstract: One of the few subjects that still enjoys great support from built environment professionals, governments and communities is the importance that green areas have for cities. However, the green space available is only a portion of the entire green infrastructure. Private gardens are also important contributors to green infrastructure. This article e...
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Development of Settlements Along Chinese-Russian Border (on the Case of Suifenhe-Pogranichny)
Anastasiia Fediunina,
Wu Jian
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
198-210
Received:
23 October 2022
Accepted:
10 December 2022
Published:
15 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20220704.18
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Abstract: An interesting phenomenon is emerging on the border between Russia and China. Despite the fact that this territory has all the necessary conditions for active development and cooperation, there is an uneven growth and use of its potential. So, the Chinese side demonstrates an active buildout of territories and an increase in the population of the region, at the same time there is some inertia on the Russian one. This research analyzes the current state of the border area and the development of interaction between two countries on the example of Suifenhe and Pogranichny settlements. Suifenhe and Pogranichny were originally formed under the influence of the Chinese Eastern Road construction and the interaction between China and Russia, which significantly influenced the structure of the settlements and their architecture. Thus, the author considers the process of interaction as one of the settlements forming factors, which had (and still has) a significant impact on their structures. In this paper, the author considers populations, industries, transport systems, functions, landscape, fabric and space in different periods of settlements. The objects of a research are the settlements and as a subject this paper considers existing relationships between Suifenhe and Pogranichny and their reflection in structure, space and other aspects. In this work, 3 main methods are used - the analysis of research and practical experience in this area; historical background analysis and the cartographic method, which consists in a comparative analysis of maps of settlements of different stages. In the framework of this article, the hypothesis posed by the author is proved at the level of urban interaction. Also, author identified the main characteristic features, weak points and potential of settlements in various aspects, on the basis of which proposals are made for the further development of the settlements and relations between China and Russia through them.
Abstract: An interesting phenomenon is emerging on the border between Russia and China. Despite the fact that this territory has all the necessary conditions for active development and cooperation, there is an uneven growth and use of its potential. So, the Chinese side demonstrates an active buildout of territories and an increase in the population of the r...
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