Characterization and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Sahelian Agroforestry Parklands of Chad
Dodorom Teble Wolwaï,
Fawa Guidawa,
Hamawa Yougouda,
Oumarou Haman Zephirin,
Dangai Youhana,
Ibrahima Adamou,
Mapongmetsem Pierre Marie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-11
Received:
22 December 2022
Accepted:
20 January 2023
Published:
16 February 2023
Abstract: Agroforestry parklands are agroforestry systems which farmers created by preserving useful species on their farms. These species are those whose flowers, fruits, seeds, barks or leaves can be processed into useful products. Parklands are thus the result of human intervention in natural vegetation dynamics and their diversity results from ecological factors affecting the neighborhood and the management of trees. The purpose of this work is to characterize and assess the carbon potential of Chad sahelian agroforestry parklands. A total survey area of 90 hectares of parklands of which 30 ha per site were explorated. Compass and GPS were used to establish transects of 50 m in length over 20 m in width and the community sampling units were established (20 sampling plots/ha). In each plot, plants were identified and enumerated. Diameter of plants was measured at 1.30 m aboveground for trees and at 0.30 m for shrublets. The dendrometric parameters measures effectuated throughout transects follow standard forestry methods. The result revealed that three types of agroforestry parklands exist in sahelian zone of Chad among which Hyphaene thebaica, Balanites aegyptiaca and mixed Acacia senegal - A. nilotica parklands. Their structure varies according to the specific flora and dominant species. Floristic survey showed a total of 4801 trees recorded and distributed in 22 species, 17 genera and 14 families. The ecological services of the Chad sahelian parklands fluctuate from 20.25 tCO2/ha in Balanites aegyptiaca parkland to 77.36tCO2/ha in Hyphaene thebaica parkland, confirming the heterogenous carbon sequestration potential of the parklands. These informations will help to develop the REDD+ mechanisms in the area.
Abstract: Agroforestry parklands are agroforestry systems which farmers created by preserving useful species on their farms. These species are those whose flowers, fruits, seeds, barks or leaves can be processed into useful products. Parklands are thus the result of human intervention in natural vegetation dynamics and their diversity results from ecological...
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Tax Reform and Tax Revenue Collection Performance in Ethiopia (From 2005 to 2013 EFY)
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
12-19
Received:
10 November 2022
Accepted:
31 January 2023
Published:
21 February 2023
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tax policy reforms on revenue generation in Ethiopia, using different tax revenue sources as a proxy for the federally collected tax revenue. To carry out this exercise, quarterly time-series data for the years (2005 - 2013 EFY) was employed. Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through interviews with relevant Ministry officials and experts from selected departments, and secondary data was gathered from performance reports of the Ministry. The analysis showed that the reform of the tax policy since the 2009 fiscal year has not had a positive impact on tax revenue. The tax authority's eight-year tax collection efficiency was assessed by the tax buoyancy, which was 0.76 percent between 2005 and 2012, the tax buoyancy rate was 0.9 before the tax policy reform, and 0.6 after the reform. This shows that tax collection is low after the policy reform and that the tax policy reform has an impact on revenue collection. The regression result showed that reform in Value Added Tax and Excise tax has a significant positive effect on revenue collection within the period under review; while reform in non-tax recorded a negative and insignificant effect on revenue collection. The Johansen cointegration test showed that a long-run meaningful relationship exists between tax reform and revenue collection (TR) in Ethiopia. To encourage taxpayers to comply with the law, the study suggests that the tax system should be reviewed on a regular basis, and that tax policy formulation should be carried out after proper consultation with all executives and relevant stakeholders.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tax policy reforms on revenue generation in Ethiopia, using different tax revenue sources as a proxy for the federally collected tax revenue. To carry out this exercise, quarterly time-series data for the years (2005 - 2013 EFY) was employed. Data were gathered from both primary and seconda...
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