Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — 
An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port

Li Fen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port

Li Fen^*

Published in Science Innovation (Volume 14, Issue 5)

Received: 20 June 2026 Accepted: 27 August 2026 Published: 4 September 2026

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Abstract

As the customs‑closure operation of Hainan Free Trade Port enters a critical stage, institutional opening‑up has created huge demand for compound rule‑of‑law talents in foreign‑related legal affairs, grassroots governance and ecological protection. However, Hainan’s legal education is still trapped in the stereotype of “valuing theory over practice”, and practical legal teaching cannot well meet the job demands of the Free Trade Port. Adopting literature research, case analysis and comparative research, this paper sorts out the policy foundations and university explorations of Hainan’s practical legal teaching system, analyzes its dilemmas in demand matching, resource coordination, curriculum setting, dual‑competency teachers and quality assurance, and identifies underlying causes from top‑level design, university positioning, practical‑sector incentives and supporting conditions. Based on the “demand‑resource‑capacity” analytical framework, this study establishes a “four‑dimensional integrated” teaching model following four principles: local‑demand orientation, collaborative integration, tiered progression and differentiated development. It designs three practical modules covering foreign‑related rule of law, grassroots governance and people‑centered legal services, and builds a three‑level guarantee system, a three‑phase progressive teaching process as well as a multi‑dimensional assessment system. Targeted optimization paths and supporting measures concerning policy, resources and quality supervision are proposed to advance university‑local integration, competence‑oriented curriculum reform and dual‑competency faculty construction. The results show that this system effectively solves fragmentation and supply‑demand mismatch in local practical legal teaching. It helps cultivate high‑quality rule‑of‑law talents for Hainan Free Trade Port and offers referential experience for legal education reform in China’s special regions.

Published in	Science Innovation (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
Page(s)	170-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hainan Free Trade Port, Practical Legal Teaching, Rule‑of‑Law Talents, University‑Local Collaboration, Adaptability

1．研究概述

1.1．研究背景

海南自贸港封关运作进入关键阶段，法治化营商环境是制度型开放核心支撑

[1]

。跨境投资、数据合规、离岸贸易等新兴法律需求快速扩张，2023 年全省涉外民商事案件同比增长47.2%，跨境数据合规咨询年增超60%，自贸港复合型法治人才缺口达3.2万人

[2]

；基层法律服务机构人员缺口率 28.5%。我国法学教育普遍存在“重理论、轻实践”短板，难以适配自贸港特殊人才需求

[3]

。国家及海南省先后出台政策要求完善实践导向法学育人机制，省内高校已开展差异化探索：海南政法职业学院搭建基层法治职教联盟，三亚学院与洋浦法院推行实习师徒制，中国政法大学海南国际学院专攻涉外法治培养。但整体仍存在体系化不足、资源分散、人才培养与岗位需求脱节问题。省教育厅2024年调研显示，62.3%法学学生认为实践教学脱离自贸港岗位需求，58.7% 实务单位反映应届生实务技能薄弱，开展本研究具备现实紧迫性。

1.2．研究意义

理论层面：立足自贸港制度开放与基层治理双重场景，搭建 “需求 - 资源 - 能力” 三维分析框架，打破通用化法学实践教学研究范式，丰富区域适配性法学教育理论，为全国自贸区、特殊区域法学教改提供理论参考。实践层面：针对校地协同不畅、培养针对性弱等痛点提出可落地优化方案，服务海南各大高校教学改革，补齐涉外、基层、生态法治人才短板，为自贸港封关提供人才保障

[4]

。

1.3．研究方法

文献研究法：梳理国内外诊所式法律教育、德国双元制等理论，研读自贸港专项法律法规与政策文件夯实理论基础；案例分析法：选取省内四所高校特色育人模式实地走访、访谈，提炼成熟经验；比较研究法：借鉴国内政法院校与东南亚高校涉外法治培养模式，结合海南本土转化；问卷调查法：面向5所高校师生、100家实务单位发放问卷，回收有效问卷1023份，以数据支撑问题研判与体系设计。

2．海南省法学实践教学体系发展基础与核心价值

2.1．政策与实践双重支撑基础

1) 多层级政策体系成型

从国家自贸港顶层方案到海南 “十四五” 教育规划，明确实践法治人才培养目标。依托“双千计划” 实现校法人员互聘，2023年126名司法人员入校、89名法学教师实务挂职；2021—2023年省级共建23个实践基地、立项47项实践教学课题。

2) 高校差异化实践初见成效

海南政法职业学院联动多市县司法、律所、社区构建闭环实践体系，年均百余场实践活动，学生年均调解基层纠纷 867 件；三亚学院与洋浦法院打通案件全流程实习渠道，2023年216名学生参与涉外案件办理；中国政法大学海南国际学院联动境外律所与仲裁机构，三年培养涉外法律人才532名，85%服务自贸港涉外领域。

3) 校地协同机制初步落地

法院、检察院、本地律所设立校外导师、共建帮教基地，累计投入500余万元教学资金，开放本土案例库、真实案源供学生实训。

2.2．自贸港语境下实践教学核心价值

1) 精准匹配多元法治需求

涉外法律诊所显著提升学生跨境纠纷处理能力，32% 海南国际仲裁院案件由专项培训学员参与；基层治理微专业毕业生就业率 96.7%，多数扎根基层司法；生态、未成年人法律诊所为公益诉讼、护苗行动输送实务人力

[5]

。

2) 弥合理论与实务鸿沟

数据显示，系统参与实践教学的学生文书写作、案件处置能力远高于未参与学生；沉浸式办案实训大幅提升学生本土法律规则应用水平

[6]

。

3) 提升法治人才本土适配度

各高校开发自贸港专属教材、引入南海纠纷、跨境数据合规本土案例，法学毕业生本地就业率持续上涨，学生对自贸港法律规则掌握度远超全国平均水平

[7]

。

3．现有体系突出问题与成因

3.1．五大现实问题

1) 供需适配错位

涉外、海洋生态、基层沟通三类特色实践课程覆盖率极低，仅少数院校开设跨境数据合规、海洋法实务课程；超六成毕业生不具备基层应急、方言法律服务能力，教学内容与自贸港新兴法律需求脱节

[8]

。

2) 校地资源协同碎片化

本土司法案例库、实务数据未实现全省共享；校外导师多为荣誉聘任，到校指导频次极低；海口、三亚集中全省八成实践资源，西部市县高校案源、基地供给严重不足

[9]

。

3) 课程设置僵化

实践教学集中于大四短期实习，与低年级理论课割裂；实训载体以传统民刑模拟法庭为主，国际仲裁、行政调解等新型实训稀缺；法学与数字、海洋、经济跨学科融合课程供给不足

[10]

。

4) 师资结构失衡

七成以上校内教师无一线实务经验，涉外法律师资占比不足 15%；实践教学工作量折算、职称评审激励不足，教师投入实践教学意愿偏低

[11]

。

5) 质量评价保障薄弱

考核仅依靠实习报告、考勤，未纳入案件办理质量、当事人满意度；缺少教学评价闭环优化机制；省级专项实践经费缺失，生均实践经费远低于全国均值，实训场地硬件不达标

[12]

。

3.2．深层成因

1) 省级统筹顶层设计缺位

教育、司法、自贸港工委权责分割，未出台统一法学实践教学管理规范，缺少统一育人标准与学生参与法律援助配套制度

[13]

。

2) 高校办学同质化严重

综合院校、职院、民办院校办学定位模糊，盲目照搬传统法学培养模式，特色课程、实践资源投入未达教育部最低标准，重理论轻实践固有观念难以扭转

[14]

。

3) 实务部门协同动力不足

司法、律所案多人少，参与教学精力有限；合作多依靠人情维系，未建立校地智力服务、就业输送双向利益共享机制，实务单位合作获得感弱

[15]

。

4) 全方位支撑保障薄弱

经费筹资渠道单一，无稳定省级专项资金；双师型教师挂职考核流于形式；未搭建全省统一线上实践教学资源平台，案例、实训资源分散割裂

[16]

。

4．“四维一体” 法学实践教学体系构建框架

4.1．四大构建原则

本土需求导向：每年联合多部门发布自贸港法治人才需求清单，动态调整实训课程；多元协同整合：政府统筹、高校施教、实务单位供给资源，构建三方螺旋协同育人模式；分层递进培养：大一至大二夯实基础技能，大三专项领域实训，大四综合顶岗实习；差异化特色发展：综合高校主攻涉外、海洋法治，职院深耕基层法律服务，民办院校发展旅游、生态法律特色方向

[17]

。

4.2．四维一体整合模型

1) 需求对接维度：三大模块化实践内容

涉外法治模块：开设 RCEP、跨境数据合规、国际商事仲裁等课程，组建涉外法律诊所，对接国际仲裁赛事与境外律所，培育跨境争议解决、多语言法律服务能力；基层治理模块：开设调解、乡村法治、方言法律服务课程，组建基层实践团队，参与社区矛盾调处、普法宣传，转化基层真实案例为教学素材；特色民生模块：围绕海洋环保、未成年人保护、旅游纠纷设立法律诊所，联动生态、文旅部门参与公益诉讼、纠纷调解

[18]

。

2) 资源支撑维度：三级协同保障网络

省级层：设立年度专项基金，搭建全省法学实践教学资源共享平台，出台法律援助学生实训管理办法，组建省级实践教学指导委员会统一质量标准；高校层：建设标准化一站式实践中心，全面推行校内理论导师+校外实务导师双导师制，打造跨学科教学团队；实务层：扩充三百人以上实务导师库，实行导师每月驻校指导制度，各实务单位稳定供给实习岗位与真实案源，建立典型案例捐赠激励机制

[19]

。

3) 培养实施维度：三阶递进全周期教学

基础训练（大一、大二）：开设文书写作、法律咨询、模拟法庭入门必修课，组织常态化庭审观摩、社区普法，夯实法律基础实操技能；专项实践（大三）：学生自主选择三大特色模块实训，完成不少于3件真实案件辅助工作，由双导师联合考核；综合提升（大四）：3—6 个月全流程顶岗实习，毕业设计结合实习真实案件，全面锻炼综合职业能力。

4) 质量评价维度：四维立体考核体系

总分100分：实务能力40%（文书、调解、庭审等八项指标）、实务工作成效25%（案件质量、当事人评价）、职业伦理 20%（职业道德、社会服务）、实践创新 15%（实务方案、调研成果），融合校内外、实务单位多主体评价。

5．体系优化路径与配套保障措施

5.1．核心优化路径

1) 深化校地深度融合协同

建立校地共建理事会，每季度开展人才需求对接；搭建双向利益平台，高校为实务单位提供合规培训、课题研究，实务单位开放实习、就业渠道；升级双千计划，每年互派 50 名校法人员长期挂职，共建省级案例转化中心，每年更新百余个本土教学案例

[20]

。

2) 打造能力导向模块化课程体系

完善涉外、基层、生态三大系列本土特色教材；推广案例、项目、沉浸式体验教学，运用 VR 虚拟法庭、线上实训平台弥补区域资源差距；打通理论与实践课程对应关系，将实践学分提升至总学分 30%，未修满实践学分不予毕业。

3) 全面建设高水平双师型师资

校内教师实施实务达标硬性要求，实务教学成果纳入职称评审核心指标；建立校外导师资格认证、津贴发放、评优激励制度；依托自贸港政策引进境外涉外法律专家，与东南亚高校开展师资海外研修，提升国际化教学能力

[21]

。

5.2．全方位保障措施

1) 政策保障

多部门联合出台 2026—2030 年实践教学提升行动计划，将实践育人成效纳入高校办学评估；设立教改试点院校，完善学生法律援助实训配套制度

[22]

。

2) 资源保障

构建政府、企业、高校多元经费筹措渠道，扩容省级实践专项基金；持续更新全省统一智能案例库，建设智慧线上实训平台；标准化建设各校模拟法庭、法律诊所实训场地

[23]

。

3) 质量监控保障

省级成立教学质量监控委员会，建立学生、校友、实务单位、专家四维反馈机制；实行实践教学黄牌整改制度，教学质量不达标院校缩减招生规模；建立学生实践成果官方认证机制

[24]

。

4) 宣传交流保障

每年举办实践教学成果展，定期召开自贸港法治人才培养论坛，依托媒体宣传基层法治服务典型实践项目，联动全国自贸区院校开展教学经验交流

[25]

。

6．结论与展望

6.1．研究结论

海南法学实践教学已形成三类本土育人样板，但受顶层统筹缺失、办学同质化、协同动力不足、保障薄弱制约，供需错位、资源分散、师资薄弱等问题突出。本文构建的 “四维一体” 体系以自贸港法治需求为核心，通过模块化课程、三级资源网络、分阶段实训、多维度考核实现教学体系适配升级，配套校地协同、课程、师资优化路径与政策、资源、质控保障机制，经调研，超八成师生、实务单位认可方案可行性，可有效破解当前育人痛点。

6.2．未来展望

伴随自贸港封关运作推进，实践教学体系需动态迭代：持续增设离岸金融、碳交易、跨境知识产权等前沿法律实训课程；依托人工智能、大数据搭建智慧法律诊所；延伸覆盖本科、研究生、法律职业终身培训全链条。长期建设后，海南将形成本土化、国际化、实务化协同的法学实践育人格局，持续输出适配自贸港的复合型法治人才，为全国特殊区域法学教育改革提供可复制推广的海南模式。

基金项目

海南开放大学终身教育科研团队建设项目资助（项目编号：HKTD2025-03）；2024年度海南省教育科学规划一般课题，课题名称：海南省法学实践教学体系的构建与优化研究；项目编号：QJY202412009阶段性研究成果

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Fen, L. (2026). Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Science Innovation, 14(5), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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Fen, L. Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Sci. Innov. 2026, 14(5), 170-174. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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Fen L. Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Sci Innov. 2026;14(5):170-174. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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@article{10.11648/j.si.20261405.13,
  author = {Li Fen},
  title = {Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — 
An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port},
  journal = {Science Innovation},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {170-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.si.20261405.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.si.20261405.13},
  abstract = {As the customs‑closure operation of Hainan Free Trade Port enters a critical stage, institutional opening‑up has created huge demand for compound rule‑of‑law talents in foreign‑related legal affairs, grassroots governance and ecological protection. However, Hainan’s legal education is still trapped in the stereotype of “valuing theory over practice”, and practical legal teaching cannot well meet the job demands of the Free Trade Port. Adopting literature research, case analysis and comparative research, this paper sorts out the policy foundations and university explorations of Hainan’s practical legal teaching system, analyzes its dilemmas in demand matching, resource coordination, curriculum setting, dual‑competency teachers and quality assurance, and identifies underlying causes from top‑level design, university positioning, practical‑sector incentives and supporting conditions. Based on the “demand‑resource‑capacity” analytical framework, this study establishes a “four‑dimensional integrated” teaching model following four principles: local‑demand orientation, collaborative integration, tiered progression and differentiated development. It designs three practical modules covering foreign‑related rule of law, grassroots governance and people‑centered legal services, and builds a three‑level guarantee system, a three‑phase progressive teaching process as well as a multi‑dimensional assessment system. Targeted optimization paths and supporting measures concerning policy, resources and quality supervision are proposed to advance university‑local integration, competence‑oriented curriculum reform and dual‑competency faculty construction. The results show that this system effectively solves fragmentation and supply‑demand mismatch in local practical legal teaching. It helps cultivate high‑quality rule‑of‑law talents for Hainan Free Trade Port and offers referential experience for legal education reform in China’s special regions.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — 
An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port
AU  - Li Fen
Y1  - 2026/09/04
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
T2  - Science Innovation
JF  - Science Innovation
JO  - Science Innovation
SP  - 170
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
AB  - As the customs‑closure operation of Hainan Free Trade Port enters a critical stage, institutional opening‑up has created huge demand for compound rule‑of‑law talents in foreign‑related legal affairs, grassroots governance and ecological protection. However, Hainan’s legal education is still trapped in the stereotype of “valuing theory over practice”, and practical legal teaching cannot well meet the job demands of the Free Trade Port. Adopting literature research, case analysis and comparative research, this paper sorts out the policy foundations and university explorations of Hainan’s practical legal teaching system, analyzes its dilemmas in demand matching, resource coordination, curriculum setting, dual‑competency teachers and quality assurance, and identifies underlying causes from top‑level design, university positioning, practical‑sector incentives and supporting conditions. Based on the “demand‑resource‑capacity” analytical framework, this study establishes a “four‑dimensional integrated” teaching model following four principles: local‑demand orientation, collaborative integration, tiered progression and differentiated development. It designs three practical modules covering foreign‑related rule of law, grassroots governance and people‑centered legal services, and builds a three‑level guarantee system, a three‑phase progressive teaching process as well as a multi‑dimensional assessment system. Targeted optimization paths and supporting measures concerning policy, resources and quality supervision are proposed to advance university‑local integration, competence‑oriented curriculum reform and dual‑competency faculty construction. The results show that this system effectively solves fragmentation and supply‑demand mismatch in local practical legal teaching. It helps cultivate high‑quality rule‑of‑law talents for Hainan Free Trade Port and offers referential experience for legal education reform in China’s special regions.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Li Fen

College of Arts and Law, Hainan Open University, Haikou, China

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http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4999-7779

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APA Style

Fen, L. (2026). Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Science Innovation, 14(5), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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ACS Style

Fen, L. Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Sci. Innov. 2026, 14(5), 170-174. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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AMA Style

Fen L. Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port. Sci Innov. 2026;14(5):170-174. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13

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@article{10.11648/j.si.20261405.13,
  author = {Li Fen},
  title = {Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — 
An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port},
  journal = {Science Innovation},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {170-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.si.20261405.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.si.20261405.13},
  abstract = {As the customs‑closure operation of Hainan Free Trade Port enters a critical stage, institutional opening‑up has created huge demand for compound rule‑of‑law talents in foreign‑related legal affairs, grassroots governance and ecological protection. However, Hainan’s legal education is still trapped in the stereotype of “valuing theory over practice”, and practical legal teaching cannot well meet the job demands of the Free Trade Port. Adopting literature research, case analysis and comparative research, this paper sorts out the policy foundations and university explorations of Hainan’s practical legal teaching system, analyzes its dilemmas in demand matching, resource coordination, curriculum setting, dual‑competency teachers and quality assurance, and identifies underlying causes from top‑level design, university positioning, practical‑sector incentives and supporting conditions. Based on the “demand‑resource‑capacity” analytical framework, this study establishes a “four‑dimensional integrated” teaching model following four principles: local‑demand orientation, collaborative integration, tiered progression and differentiated development. It designs three practical modules covering foreign‑related rule of law, grassroots governance and people‑centered legal services, and builds a three‑level guarantee system, a three‑phase progressive teaching process as well as a multi‑dimensional assessment system. Targeted optimization paths and supporting measures concerning policy, resources and quality supervision are proposed to advance university‑local integration, competence‑oriented curriculum reform and dual‑competency faculty construction. The results show that this system effectively solves fragmentation and supply‑demand mismatch in local practical legal teaching. It helps cultivate high‑quality rule‑of‑law talents for Hainan Free Trade Port and offers referential experience for legal education reform in China’s special regions.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Research on the Construction and Optimization of Legal Practical Teaching System in Hainan Province — 
An Adaptability Exploration Based on the Demand for Rule‑of‑Law Talents in the Free‑Trade Port
AU  - Li Fen
Y1  - 2026/09/04
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
T2  - Science Innovation
JF  - Science Innovation
JO  - Science Innovation
SP  - 170
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261405.13
AB  - As the customs‑closure operation of Hainan Free Trade Port enters a critical stage, institutional opening‑up has created huge demand for compound rule‑of‑law talents in foreign‑related legal affairs, grassroots governance and ecological protection. However, Hainan’s legal education is still trapped in the stereotype of “valuing theory over practice”, and practical legal teaching cannot well meet the job demands of the Free Trade Port. Adopting literature research, case analysis and comparative research, this paper sorts out the policy foundations and university explorations of Hainan’s practical legal teaching system, analyzes its dilemmas in demand matching, resource coordination, curriculum setting, dual‑competency teachers and quality assurance, and identifies underlying causes from top‑level design, university positioning, practical‑sector incentives and supporting conditions. Based on the “demand‑resource‑capacity” analytical framework, this study establishes a “four‑dimensional integrated” teaching model following four principles: local‑demand orientation, collaborative integration, tiered progression and differentiated development. It designs three practical modules covering foreign‑related rule of law, grassroots governance and people‑centered legal services, and builds a three‑level guarantee system, a three‑phase progressive teaching process as well as a multi‑dimensional assessment system. Targeted optimization paths and supporting measures concerning policy, resources and quality supervision are proposed to advance university‑local integration, competence‑oriented curriculum reform and dual‑competency faculty construction. The results show that this system effectively solves fragmentation and supply‑demand mismatch in local practical legal teaching. It helps cultivate high‑quality rule‑of‑law talents for Hainan Free Trade Port and offers referential experience for legal education reform in China’s special regions.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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